Product Description
Special Introduction By Hon. John T. Morgan

In the eleven years that separated the Declaration of the Independence of the United States from the completion of that act in the ordination of our written Constitution, the great minds of America were bent upon the study of the principles of government that were essential to the preservation of the liberties which had been won at great cost and with heroic labors and sacrifices. Their studies were conducted in view of the imperfections that experience had developed in the government of the Confederation, and they were, therefore, practical and thorough.

When the Constitution was thus perfected and established, a new form of government was created, but it was neither speculative nor experimental as to the principles on which it was based. If they were true principles, as they were, the government founded upon them was destined to a life and an influence that would continue while the liberties it was intended to preserve should be valued by the human family. Those liberties had been wrung from reluctant monarchs in many contests, in many countries, and were grouped into creeds and established in ordinances sealed with blood, in many great struggles of the people. They were not new to the people. They were consecrated theories, but no government had been previously established for the great purpose of their preservation and enforcement. That which was experimental in our plan of government was the question whether democratic rule could be so organized and conducted that it would not degenerate into license and result in the tyranny of absolutism, without saving to the people the power so often found necessary of repressing or destroying their enemy, when he was found in the person of a single despot.




Download Democracy In America Volume I Now! ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

Astute Observer of America
Alexis De Tocqueville was simply of one of the great social scientists writing about America and Democracy.From reading the book I deduced that Tocqueville was a social scientist before Marx!He compares European culture and government with the fledgling culture and democracy he observes in America.He is very much impressed with what he sees taking place in America in the 1830's and hopes it will spread to Europe.He at first believed that America's prosperity was simply due to geography and their distance from powerful neighbors, he abandons this idea after his visit to America.He comes to realize that the West is not being peopled "by new European immigrants to America, but by Americans who he believes have no adversity to taking risks."Tocqueville comes to see that Americans are the most broadly educated and politically advanced people in the world and one of the reasons for the success of our form of government.He also foretells America's industrial preeminence and strength through the unfettered spread of ideas and human industry.

Tocqueville also saw the insidious damage that the institution of slavery was causing the country and predicted some 30 years before the Civil War that slavery would probable cause the states to fragment from the union.He also the emergence of stronger states rights over the power of the federal government.He held fast to his belief that the greatest danger to democracy was the trend toward the concentration of power by the federal government.He predicted wrongly that the union would probably break up into two or three countries because of regional interests and differences.This idea is the only one about America that he gets wrong.Despite some of his misgivings, Tocqueville, saw that democracy is an "inescapable development" of the modern world.The arguments in the "Federalist Papers" were greater then most people realized.He saw a social revolution coming that continues throughout the world today.

Tocqueville realizes at the very beginning of the "industrial revolution" how industry, centralization, and democracy strengthened each other and moved forward together.I am convinced that Tocqueville is still the preeminent observer of America but is also the father of social science.A must read for anyone interested in American history, political philosophy or the social sciences.
... Read more

Product Description
This Elibron Classics book is a facsimile reprint of a 1888 edition by Calmann Lévy, Paris. ... Read more

Product Description
Correspondence by the eminent nineteenth-century French historian documents his polical views, his careers as a writer and politician, and his complex personality. ... Read more

Product Description
Endlessly quoted and referred to, Tocqueville's great history is as relevant now as when it was first published in the mid-19th century, and it remains the most penetrating and astute picture of American life ever written.Amazon.com Review
As Alexis de Tocqueville traveled through the young UnitedStates, he wrote in his introduction to the first volume ofDemocracy in America, "the more clearly I saw equality ofconditions as the creative element from which each particular factderived, and all my observations constantly returned to this nodalpoint." And there is an abundance of observations to be found here,with chapters that consider everything from "judicial power in theUnited States and its effect on political society" to "why theAmericans erect some pretty monuments and others that are verygrand."

Why does Tocqueville remain one of the most insightful analysts ofAmerican society? Certainly there is the comprehensive nature of hisproject, but one must also take into account the brilliance of hisprose, with just the right balance of elegance andclarity. Democracy in America is as accessible to the modernreader as the work of any contemporary journalist, politicalscientist, or sociologist--and in many cases more so. It is anessential volume for anybody concerned with American history. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (8)

Democracy Deconstructed
One is at a loss on how to review a book of this depth and magnitude and considering the countless great reviews there are already about this book as Lincoln said there is little in my poor power to add or detract; however that being said I will still make a couple observations.

First I'm not sure how you completely define this book it is semi-historical, semi-political, semi-philosophical and a sociological analysis of America in particular and Democracy in general.All that being said Toqueville blends all this together to form his "theory" of the effects of democracy and equality that was taking hold in France and the rest of the world.Equality was the biggest fear for Toqueville, he worried people would be like pigs to the trough of equality trampling liberty and freedom on their way to gorge themselves silly and then find themselves at some despot's feet herding them around.I admit the pig analogy is kinda crude but it works.

I think Toqueville's concerns about equality are as valid today as when he wrote them.Liberty has always been a better friend to equality than equality has been a friend to liberty.Given all this though I think the two main things that are important about his work the need for religion\healthy morals for a society and a necessary but limited governmental role in society.

Religion is the glue that holds societies together, I can already hear the atheists screaming we can be moral with no god, sorry doesn't work at least be honest like Nietzsche and admit all that matters is strength, power and the will to use it against anyone who stands in your way.Here are a few Toqueville quotes to show the point.

"Fixed ideas about God and human nature are indispensable to men for the conduct of daily life, and it is daily life that prevents them from acquiring them."

"I am led to think if he has no faith he must obey and if he is free he must believe."

"There all many things that offend me about the materialists.I think their doctrines pernicious, and their pride revolts me.....when they think they have sufficiently established that they are no better than brutes, they seem as if they had proved that they were gods."

Lastly I think Toqueville's warnings against a philosophy of history like what Tolstoy describes as a "Force" or "God" directing the flow of history is destructive even if one could prove it.To quote Toqueville for the last time

"Thus historians who live in democratic time do not only refuse to admit that some citizens may influence the destiny of a people, but also take away from the peoples themselves the faculty of modifying their own lot and make them depend either on an inflexible providence or on a kind of blind fatality."

"These are false and cowardly doctrines which can only produce feeble men and pusillanimous nations.Providence did not make mankind entirely free or completely enslaved.Providence has, in truth drawn a predestined circle around each man beyond which he cannot pass; but within those limits man is strong and free and so are peoples."

This is one my favorite books and one of the best I have ever read.It made me appreciate even more the blessing of this country, and shows that we have the ability to keep it the last best hope on Earth.To be happy and to be free, it is enough to will it to be so.

Refreshingly open-minded study!!
De Tocqueville was an amazing man who posessed amazing insight into the workings (and not-workings) of American society.One only laments the fact that he was not a middle caste American politician arguing amongst great minds during the Constitutional conventions.Then again, we are equally lucky of the fact that he was a curious Frenchman of the leisure class who happened to be passing through.This is what gives de Tocqueville the ability to refrain from emotionalism and give us an outsiders view of what makes America good, bad and just plain different.

See, de tocqueville recognizes, as did our founders, that liberty and democracy are key ingredients to a healthy society.On the other hand, he points out that too much freedom or democracy lead to lazy, public-opinion driven conformity, over-emphasis on materialism and restlessness.Another contradiction de tocqueville points out is that although self-government is generally a good idea, there are times when an all powerful aristocracy is just more efficient.He can see all sides.
The best part then is that de Tocqueville doesn't come to any final conclusion.He just observes and reports on America's inner workings as seen by an aristocratic Frenchman.

A few reccomendations to the de tocqueville virgins.First, as this is the unabridged, it may be advised to read the first book, pause to read something else, then read the second book.I read it straight through and found that not only would I have benefited from reflection, but much of the second book is a rehash the first.Second, keep in mind during the second book that the word 'democracy' is also de tocqueville's word for 'capitalism'.The word 'capitalism' would be introduced only years later by one Karl Marx.So when de tocqueville says that democracy increases industriousness, what the reader should hear is that capitalism increases industriousness.This in itself is a brilliant observation by de tocqueville.Democracy and capitalism really are the same thing, different scale.The producer, like the political candidate, cater to the consumer or the voter.Both systems allow the individual to choose the goods and services he wants and reject those he doesn't.This is why one may also want to read 'Wealth of Nations' with this book.

The only other thing I can tell the reader before he or she embarks on a fascinating reading adventure is to keep in mind why de tocqueville wrote the book.He intended it to be read by the french who were not familiar with or had misconceptions about America.Of course, it provides contemporary America with an amazing historical survey.Like the introductory exclamation to MTV's 'Diary' show says, "You think you know, but you have no idea".

A classic, but don't hold that against it.
what's amazing to me is how much and how little American culture has changed in almost three centuries.

If you want to understand where America is going, then it's essential to understand where America has been,and this book, even more than the Federalist papers, will show you that.

Helps Americans make sense of themselves....
...and others understand Americans. I was required to read this book for a college course and was actually dreading its seemingly tedious discourses on a myriad of subjects. After diving in, however, I discovered somethingtotally different was contained. One thing sorely lacking from education ingrades K-12 is REALITY. As children we are indoctrinated with the idea ofAmerican supremacy to all other nations. I can understand instilling lovein one's country, but we're being brainwashed here! After going throughcollege I began to wrestle with the inherent contradictions of Americanthinking. This book systematically handles many of those issues and reallyhelps American citizens realize how we've gotten ourselves where we aretoday (filthy rich & hated throughout the world.) I don't hate America,just a lot of what the government does. this book will greatly expand yourway of thinking on various subjects. If taught in the proper manner, thisbook will shatter conventional concepts of America. Forget all that othercrap we had to read in school...this should be required reading.Ithandles everything from economics, art, gender issues, etc....a classic.

Must reading for all Americans
A great book for understanding the state of the US in the early 1800's. Often quoted by politicians for support of contradictory views, so we needto be familiar with it to avoid being missled by those who want to use itto support any particular political viewpoint. However, there is a pressingneed for an insightful critique from the standpoint of American historysubsequent to the 1830's when it was written. A lot of de Toqueville'simpressions regarding local governments as the foundation of AmericanDemocracy went by the board with the rise of the industrial economy, as thelatter tended to erode a lot of individual freedoms that were presnt whenthis was an agricultural economy. In addition, many of Toqueville'sobservations were anticipated by ancient classical writers who could seethe dangers of the mob rule accompanying democracy. De Toqueville perceiveda lot of checks and balances against this but they may have had onlylimited effectiveness. I was surprised to see that he consideredmaterialism to be such a strong influence even in the early history of thenation. His observations on the difficulty of abandoning slavery weresomewhat true, as exemplified by the viciousness of the Civil War. I lostmy copy of this book in the middle of reading it but am about to getanother copy so that I can finish it, which indicates how important I thinkit is. ... Read more

Product Description
This Elibron Classics book is a facsimile reprint of a 1887 edition by Calmann Lévy, Paris. ... Read more

Product Description

This book moves beyond traditional readings of Alexis de Tocqueville (18051859) and his relevance to contemporary democracy by emphasizing the relationship of his life and work to modern feminist thought. Within the resurgence of political interest in Tocqueville during the past two decades, especially in the United States, there has been significant scholarly attention to the place of gender, race, and colonialism in his work. This is the first edited volume to gather together a range of this creative scholarship. It reveals a tidal shift in the reception history of Tocqueville as a result of his serious engagement by feminist, gender, postcolonial, and critical race theorists.

Product Description
This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

Product Description
According to Wikipedia: "De la démocratie en Amérique (published in ... 1835 and ...1840) is a classic French text by Alexis de Tocqueville on the United States in the 1830s and its strengths and weaknesses. A literal translation of its title is On Democracy in America, but the usual translation of the title is simply Democracy in America. It is regarded as a classical account of the democratic system of the United States and has been used as an important reference ever since. In 1831, twenty-five year-old Alexis de Tocqueville and Gustave de Beaumont were sent by the French government to study the American prison system. They arrived in New York City in May of that year and spent nine months traveling the United States, taking notes not only on prisons, but on all aspects of American society including the nation's economy and its political system. The two also briefly visited Canada, spending a few days in the summer of 1831 in what was then Lower Canada (modern-day Quebec) and Upper Canada (modern-day Ontario). After they returned to France in February 1832, Tocqueville and Beaumont submitted their report, entitled Du système pénitentiaire aux États-Unis et de son application en France, in 1833. When the first edition was published, Beaumont, sympathetic to social injustice, was working on another book, Marie, ou l'esclavage aux Etats-Unis (two volumes, 1835), a social critique and novel describing the separation of races in a moral society and the conditions of slaves in America." ... Read more

Product Description
After completing his research for Democracy in America, Alexis deTocqueville turned to the French consolidation of its empire in North Africa, which he believeddeserving of similar attention. Tocqueville began studying Algerian history and culture, makingtwo trips to Algeria in 1841 and 1846.He quickly became one of France's foremost experts onthe country and wrote essays, articles, official letters, and parliamentary reports on such diversetopics as France's military and administrative policies in North Africa, the people of the Maghrib,his own travels in Algeria, and the practice of Islam.Throughout, Tocqueville consistentlydefended the French imperial project, a position that stands in tension with his admiration for thebenefits of democracy he witnessed in America.

Although Tocqueville never published a book-length study of French North Africa, his variouswritings on the subject provide as invaluable a portrait of French imperialism as Democracyin America does of the Early Republic period in American history. In Writings on Empireand Slavery, Jennifer Pitts has selected and translated nine of his most important dispatcheson Algeria, which offer startling new insights into both Tocqueville's political thought andFrench liberalism's attitudes toward the political, military, and moral aspects of France's colonialexpansion. The volume also includes six articles Tocqueville wrote during the same periodcalling for the emancipation of slaves in France's Caribbean colonies. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

Perhaps more relevent now than in its own time.
This collection of Tocqueville's essays concerning the colonization of Algeria and slavery are useful in forming a historical analysis of North Africa and for civil rights analysis, but I found it to be very insightful in regards to modern policy analysis, too.

Tocqueville very articulate about his desires for France's occupation of Algeria.Although he begins steadfastly in favor of colonization and never totally abandons that position, the nature of France's method of occupation heavily criticized.At one point, Tocqueville paints a strangely accurate picture of the state of the region after colonization.The description ends with "we have made Muslim society much more miserable, more disordered, more ignorant, and more barbarous than it had been before knowing us."

By describing colonial Algeria in terms of its utility to France, Tocqueville reminds us that misuing other nations still impacts our own welfare.By pointing out French abuses of themselves, he reminds us that our own welfare is not the only important goal.In the end, the lesson he teaches is that we are interconnected.No one empire can pay attention only to local issues.

It is true that Tocqueville was not for granting equal rights, or even citizenship, to natives...nor was he in favor of ending colonialism in any way.Rather, his comments worked within the system to encourage a more tolerant, more effective, means of working with natives.His plan did not succeed.Frances heavy-handed ways ultimately ended in a violent overthrow of the French regime.Algeria, like many Muslim colonies, is more barbaric and less educated now than before European rule.

With the US attacks on Afghanistan and continued military presence in Saudi Arabia, one hopes that we may learn the lessons offered by Tocqueville more readily than did the French. ... Read more

Product Description

Product Description
Tocqueville n’est pas le premier « intellectuel » français à faire le voyage américain, quelques-uns avant lui avaient déjà tenté l’aventure, à commencer par Chateaubriand qui s’y exila après la Révolution, mais n’y trouva jamais, parmi les Natchez, que le reflet d’une solitude abyssale. Ici, la posture est autre. Dans les États-Unis d’alors, qui ne comptent encore qu’une vingtaine d’États, ceux de l’Est, à l’occasion d’une mission somme toute « technique », Tocqueville se livre à un ensemble d’observations et d’analyses de la société américaine et de son système politique. « En politique, dit-il, ce qu'il y a souvent de plus difficile à apprécier et à comprendre, c'est ce qui se passe sous nos yeux ». Pour mettre à jour les ressorts de la jeune démocratie américaine - qui est déjà bien davantage qu’une colonie anglaise fraîchement émancipée -, et en dégager les modalités structurantes, il faut se défaire des prismes hérités de la pensée politique classique. Ce qu’il repère de manière quasi « prophétique », et ce n’est pas la moindre originalité de la démarche, est moins la naissance d’un nouveau monde, rendu lointain par l’exotisme, que l’avenir de nos sociétés démocratiques, y compris celles de la « vieille Europe ».
Il note que c’est l’égalité et non la liberté qui constitue le caractère distinctif des démocraties et que la tendance à l’égalisation des conditions (à la fois formelle et réelle) comporte un risque pour la liberté. « Je vois une foule immense d'hommes semblables et égaux qui tournent sans repos sur eux-mêmes pour se procurer de petits et vulgaires plaisirs, dont ils emplissent leur âme. » Les sociétés modernes sont portées vers une forme de « despotisme » inédit (bien que les « anciens mots de despotisme et de tyrannie ne conviennent point »), que Tocqueville s’emploie à définir, faute de concept disponible. L’égalité des conditions provoque l’atomisation du corps social, le repli sur eux-mêmes des individus, gagnés par la passion du bien-être et la multiplicationdes fortunes médiocres… Une tendance à la « moyennisation » de la société qui finit par engendrer le conformisme des mœurs et des opinions. S’installe alors une sorte de servitude douce, la tyrannie d’une majorité - nécessairement oppressive à l’égard de la minorité - qui s’en remet à l’État tout-puissant, à charge pour lui d’étendre l’égalité des conditions et de veiller à la vie paisible de chacun. « Au-dessus de ceux-là s'élève un pouvoir immense et tutélaire, qui se charge seul d'assurer leur jouissance et de veiller sur leur sort. Il est absolu, détaillé, régulier, prévoyant et doux. »
Pour réussir à contrer la dérive non démocratique de la démocratie, pour que deviennent compatibles l’égalité et la liberté, Tocqueville suggère divers remèdes qui passent par la re-création de corps intermédiaires (abolit par la révolution), la défense de la liberté de la presse et l’indépendance du pouvoir judiciaire. Toute chose susceptible de redonner l’initiative aux citoyens et de revitaliser le débat politique trop souvent abandonné au profit de l’abominable « consensus » qui tend à faire taire a priori tout désaccord fécond.
... Read more

Product Description
Thomas Hobbes fue uno de los más célebres pensadores políticos de todos los tiempos. En estas páginas, seleccionadas de su magna obra, Leviatán, el lector puede confirmar la vigencia de un texto clásico de filosofía política que describe los orígenes del Estado, los derechos de los soberanos y las instituciones, los diversos tipos de gobierno, los dominios paternalistas y el poder despótico, la libertad de los individuos y las funciones de los ministros dentro del gobierno. ... Read more

Product Description

Alexis de Tocqueville, a young aristocrat of twenty-five, worried deeply about the future of France as well as his own fate in his native country, which had just experienced its second revolution in less than fifty years. Along with Gustave de Beaumont, a fellow magistrate, Tocqueville conceived the idea that by traveling to America he could penetrate the secret of the modern world, in which democracy and equality were destined to rule.

Alexis de Tocqueville and Gustave de Beaumont in America reproduces the journey of these two friends in an authoritative and elegant volume. Zunz and Goldhammer present most of the surviving letters, notebooks, and other texts that Tocqueville and Beaumont wrote during their decisive American journey of 1831--32, as well as their reflections and correspondence on America following their return to France. Also reproduced here are most of the sketches from the two sketchbooks Beaumont filled during their travels. The two young men relied on these documents in writing their individual works on America, Tocqueville's seminalDemocracy in America (1835--40) and Beaumont's novelMarie or, Slavery in the United States (1835).

Focusing on American equality, Tocqueville made a lasting contribution to Western political thought by framing modern history as a continuous struggle between political liberty and social equality, and presented the United States as having struck a proper balance between the two ideals. Beaumont concentrated instead on the brutality of racial prejudice. These extraordinarily rich and often profound texts constitute the indispensable record of their intertwined engagement with the United States, which we see here through the unfailingly intelligent gaze of two young Frenchmen with a unique appreciation of what was novel in the American experiment.

Customer Reviews (1)

Astute Observer of America
Alexis De Tocqueville was simply of one of the great social scientists writing about America and Democracy.From reading the book I deduced that Tocqueville was a social scientist before Marx!He compared European culture and government with the fledgling culture and democracy he observed in America.He was very much impressed with what he saw taking place in America in the 1830's and hoped it would spread to Europe.At first he believed that America's prosperity was simply due to geography and its distance from powerful neighbors, he abandoned this idea after his visit to America.He came to realize that the West was not being peopled "by new European immigrants to America, but by Americans who he believed had little adversity to taking risks."Tocqueville found that Americans were the most broadly educated and politically advanced people in the world and one of the reasons for the success of our form of government.He also foretold America's industrial preeminence and strength through the unfettered spread of ideas and human industry.

Tocqueville also saw the insidious damage that the institution of slavery was causing the country and predicted some 30 years before the Civil War that slavery would probable cause the states to fragment from the union.He also predicted the emergence of stronger states rights over the power of the federal government.He held fast to his belief that the greatest danger to democracy was the trend toward the concentration of power by the federal government.He predicted wrongly that the union would probably break up into two or three countries because of regional interests and differences.This idea is the only one about America that he gets wrong.Despite some of his misgivings, Tocqueville, saw that democracy is an "inescapable development" of the modern world.The arguments in the "Federalist Papers" were greater then most people realized.He saw a social revolution coming that continues throughout the world today.

Tocqueville realizes at the very beginning of the "industrial revolution" how industry, centralization, and democracy strengthened each other and moved forward together.I am convinced that Tocqueville is still the preeminent observer of America but is also the father of social science.A must read for anyone interested in American history, political philosophy or the social sciences.
... Read more

Product Description
Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone! ... Read more

Product Description
More than 150 years after its publication, this great work continues to command the attention of scholars writing about the strengths and limits of democracy in general and of American democracy in particular. 13 cassettes. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (2)

Astute Observer of America
Alexis De Tocqueville was simply of one of the great social scientists writing about America and Democracy.From reading the book I deduced that Tocqueville was a social scientist before Marx!He compared European culture and government with the fledgling culture and democracy he observed in America.He was very much impressed with what he saw taking place in America in the 1830's and hoped it would spread to Europe.At first he believed that America's prosperity was simply due to geography and its distance from powerful neighbors, he abandoned this idea after his visit to America.He came to realize that the West was not being peopled "by new European immigrants to America, but by Americans who he believed had little adversity to taking risks."Tocqueville found that Americans were the most broadly educated and politically advanced people in the world and one of the reasons for the success of our form of government.He also foretold America's industrial preeminence and strength through the unfettered spread of ideas and human industry.

Tocqueville also saw the insidious damage that the institution of slavery was causing the country and predicted some 30 years before the Civil War that slavery would probable cause the states to fragment from the union.He also predicted the emergence of stronger states rights over the power of the federal government.He held fast to his belief that the greatest danger to democracy was the trend toward the concentration of power by the federal government.He predicted wrongly that the union would probably break up into two or three countries because of regional interests and differences.This idea is the only one about America that he gets wrong.Despite some of his misgivings, Tocqueville, saw that democracy is an "inescapable development" of the modern world.The arguments in the "Federalist Papers" were greater then most people realized.He saw a social revolution coming that continues throughout the world today.

Tocqueville realizes at the very beginning of the "industrial revolution" how industry, centralization, and democracy strengthened each other and moved forward together.I am convinced that Tocqueville is still the preeminent observer of America but is also the father of social science.A must read for anyone interested in American history, political philosophy or the social sciences.

Reinforces the belief of many that the U.S. Constitution
is the greatest legal document ever written by man.
That consitution, de Tocqueville talks about some 165 years later is still recognizible, still works & is used every day. It may have taken a foreigner to present Americans in such a objective, non romantic way, as a good people & somtimes not so good people.
The cohesiveness yet differences in one country as big as Europe with a dozen countries seems to fascinate him.
This brillant Frenchman (imagine that) is perceptive & looks into the future, obliquely predicting future troubles the United States could face 30 years into the future, & describes how America would avoid problems such as dictatorships, that Europe fell prey to in the 1930's. Any person who proposes to teach political science or U.S. history better have read this book & have it on their bookcase right next to The U.S. Constitution, The Declaration of Independence & The Federalist Papers.
Indispensible in giving Americans an unbiased, unvarnished look at what we were & to a remarkable degree what we are. ... Read more