Editorial Review Product Description Conservative and working-class, Jean Macquart is an experienced, middle-aged soldier in the French army, who has endured deep personal loss. When he first meets the wealthy and mercurial Maurice Levasseur, who never seems to have suffered, his hatred is immediate. But after they are thrown together during the disastrous Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71, the pair are compelled to understand one other. Forging a profound friendship, they must struggle together to endure a disorganised and brutal war, the savage destruction of France's Second Empire and the fall of Napoleon III. One of the greatest of all war novels, "The Debacle" is the nineteenth novel in Zola's great Rougon-Macquart cycle. A forceful and deeply moving tale of close friendship, it is also a fascinating chronicle of the events that were to lead, in the words of Zola himself, to the murder of a nation'. ... Read more Customer Reviews (16)
The Seven Wonders of the World of Novels
You can have fun listing the other Six, but everyone's list should include Emile Zola's 20-volume "Macquart-Rougon" story of almost everything in 19th C France. Zola began the series with "La Fortune des Rougon" in 1871, and continued to produce almost a novel a year until 1893 (Le Docteur Pascal). "La Débâcle", next to last in the series, was published in 1892. The debacle of the title was the humiliation France suffered in the Franco-Prussian War begun in 1870, just in fact when Zola was beginning his chronicle. Historians have tended to treat that war as an opera buffa on the part of the French and as a triumph of Machiavellian state-building on the part of Bismark's Germany. Zola includes both these themes in his account, with a scathing portrayal of the rank incompetence of the politicians and generals of France's Third Empire; the bulk of the novel depicts the disastrous battle of Sedan, during which Napoleon III himself was captured by the invading Prussians. But Zola measures the human cost of 'modern' war, not just in blood and rubble but also in its perversion of human behavior, its stimulation of our most bestial instincts, while also dramatizing the heroic courage of individuals and the ineffable loyalty of comrades. The battlefield scenes in Le Debacle are as vivid in words as any in the flickering visuals of a movie theater. So are the horrors suffered by non-combatants. The misery of the defeated common soldiers, imprisoned without shelter or food while their officers are paroled, is terrifying. The Franco-Prussian War was a bizarre hybrid of old and new, of Napoleonic battlefield set-piece strategies and of mechanized 'total' warfare of the sort that had evolved from the American Civil War. Zola apparently researched intensively in preparing to write Le Debacle, his only historical novel, and he succeeded brilliantly in capturing that moment of transition from war as Glory to war as unthinkable Catastrophe. Le Debacle is surely one of the greatest war novels ever written, rivaled only perhaps by War and Peace.
Zola's two chief characters, the peasant corporal Jean and the educated Parisian enlisted soldier Maurice, though profoundly dissimilar in character, become 'wedded' in the rites of combat and survival. Both are sublimely believable fictive personages, whose welfare the reader can't help but 'pray for'. They are also emblematic of the two sides of French society as Zola perceived it -- conservative and radical, of the land and of the city -- and thus the literary inevitability of their encounters and re-encounters achieves more significance than mere plot-driven coincidence. Zola is magnificent in his ability to depict Jean and Maurice as real mortal men and yet as avatars of their nation. There are dozens of lesser characters in Le Debacle as well, from the unnamed ploughboy who works his field while the artillery battles rage to the sternly compassionate surgeon Barouche to Napoleon III, and Zola gives each his due in human portraiture. The women of Le Debacle, more vulnerable and yet more heroic amid the slaughter, are as well realized and individuated as the men. There are unquestionably touches of 19th C melodrama in Le Debacle, but there is an underlying thematic logic to Zola's tale, that justifies any and all literary legerdemain.
I read this translation of Le Debacle, by Leonard Tancock, many years ago, and I've used it as a crutch in re-reading the novel in French. Zola is hard to translate convincingly. If his language is rendered in the syntax and vocabulary of his British contemporaries, it can sound peculiarly stuffy and almost prurient; if it's 'slanged' into the style of 20th C American writers à la Hemingway, it can sound comically anachronistic.The translation barrier is worst in the novels of manners and amours. It's considerably less problematic in Le Debacle, because of the subject matter. Once the battles start raging, the syntax is universal. This translation is quite British; Americans will find themselves bemused at times, but on the whole it's remarkably faithful to the original, and powerfully vivid.
I suppose the translation barrier is one reason why Zola is underappreciated in the Anglophone world. Only thirteen of the twenty Macquart-Rougon novels are currently available in any English form, and many of the translations are decades old and stylistically inept. If you can only read Zola in English, I strongly recommend The Debacle as the best stand-alone first choice.
Unexpected insights into 19th century French history
I got interested in Emile Zola after watching the 1937 movie "The Life of Emile Zola" which was a great biography of France's most prolific author.The story of Captain Alfred Dreyfus was tragic yet typical of the turmoil in France as it was coming down from the exalted empirical heights of Napoleon to the bureaucrat laden military led by inept generals.
"The Debacle: 1870-1871" is Zola's extremely detailed and graphic description of the brief war between France and Germany which showed France's deterioration was certainly no match for Germany's emerging technological prowess and military professionalism.This book certainly lays the foundation for the events to follow in 40 years as World War I.
Excellently written, full of memorable characters who tragically are mired in this short war known as The Debacle.
It has me looking to read more books by this talented author.
Zola's Anti-War Masterpiece
In the late 1860s Prussia, led by Kaiser Wilhelm and Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, engaged the French government headed by Napoleon III in heated negotiations over the throne of Spain and the sovereignty of the Low Countries. The dispute grew as France looked for a fight.
France declared war in 1870 but was ill prepared to fight the ensuing Franco-Prussian War. Poorly equipped and incompetently led, the French soldiers were badly used. The result, from the French point of view was a catastrophe. At the battle of Sedan the Prussians captured over 100,000 French troops and Napoleon III himself. France was forced to cede Alsace-Lorraine to the Germans. In the immediate aftermath of the war, a left-wing rebellion erupted in Paris. It was suppressed with brutal rigor.
Like Tolstoy's War and Peace, Zola's The Debacle is a historical novel in which the facts of the war are very accurately described, and then well-drawn fictional characters are inserted. The story is told with verve through the eyes of two soldiers. The events of the Franco-Prussian War are extremely complex, yet Zola never lets the reader get lost. The story is engrossing and compelling. This is one of the great books of French literature.
To the reader who comes to this review by way of my history of the Tour de France, this book is related to the Tour rather obliquely. Tour founder Henri Desgrange wrote extensively in the sports newspaper L'Auto, which also owned the Tour de France. Desgrange tried to model his own writing style on Zola's.
-Bill McGann, Author of "The Story of the Tour de France"
Best (anti)war novel ever?
Emile Zola's La Debacle, the 19th of his 20 volume Rougon-Macquart series, describes the crushing defeat of the French armies at the hands of the Prussians in the Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71.During Zola's lifetime, this novel was regarded as his masterpiece.History has decreed that it would be Germinal that would be more enduring, but this is still an outstanding novel.All the stories in this series are linked with recurring characters and interwoven plot lines.Like Germinal, this is a story of destruction and rebirth.
This novel is divided into three sections.In Zola's typical style, each section is focused on a period of several days, with several weeks or months between sections.The main character of the story in Jean Macquart, a character from an earlier novel (La Terre) in the series.Macquart is an enlisted soldier marching to the front with his comrades to face the Prussians.Zola, never a soldier himself, describes well the lot of Jean and his comrades.Lots of marching, fatigue, boredom, and grumbling about the leadership.Hanging over the story, and unbeknowst to the characters, is the coming whirlwind.The Emporer himself (Napoleon III) makes an appearance, but it is rather tragi-comic.
The second section is focused on the battle of Sedan.There are several story threads designed to explain the action of the battle at different times and from perspectives.The descriptions are quite graphic and detailed.Ultimately, the French Army is totally destroyed, the surviving characters become prisoners of war.In the third section, Jean is reunited with his comrade Maurice in Paris at the height of the Commune.The primary theme of this novel is to describe the `rot' of the Third Empire, and how its destruction gives the survivors hope for a brighter future.
The Oxford World Classics translation is outstanding.It contains detailed endnotes to explain topical or historical references that would be lost on modern English speaking/reading audiences.There are several maps and a detailed list of characters to keep everything straight.This edition also contains a well written introduction to allow the reader to place the novel in historical and literary context.
I have several thoughts about this novel that potential readers may or may not find interesting.First, this is an outstanding novel, whether one likes war novels or not.Zola is one of the greatest novelists ever to put pen to paper, and this is arguable one of his best works.The characters in this story are detailed and realistic, the dialogue outstanding, and the plot complex and compelling, but easy to read.Anyone who is afraid of approaching Zola because of past experience with the 19th century English `greats' should not be concerned.Zola has none of the pretentiousness or Victorian puritanism of his English contemporaries, and his writing, while often gloomy, is not ponderous.
Second, with the exception of a few small tweaks for poetic license, this book is an outstanding example of historical fiction.Beyond an enjoyable novel, this book will also provide the reader a history lesson of the first order.In particular, I would highly recommend this book to American readers who know little or nothing of French history of this era.I think that the events of the Commune would be most surprising to many Americans.Certainly the Franco-Prussian war was one of the defining events for the French (and Germans), much as the Civil War was for Americans.The outcome of this war had long lasting political, economic, cultural, and military implications that affect us today.
Third, if I had one complaint about this book, it would be that the author's knowledge of the outcome of the battle weighs over the entire novel.I would almost argue that this novel is defeatist.This is definitely an antiwar novel, but no real sense of imminent destruction covers the Prussian soldiers as it does the French.That is, this is an antiwar novel from the French perspective, but not really from the Prussian.It strikes me that the message conveyed by Zola (probably inadvertantly) is not antiwar in general, but antiwar only for the losers.
Overall though, this is an outstanding novel, one of the best ever written.Highly recommended.
The "Killer Angels" of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71!
As a big student of the War of 1870-71, I was a bit skeptic when I saw this was a historical novel, especially one that was a political commentary. Well, my skepticism was destroyed after about 15 minutes of reading this book. Not only is the author a veteran of the war, his style is SO engrossing I didn't stop reading until I finished the entire book!
The amount of details that are in the narritive can only come from someone who participated in the historical events that are narrated. Zola's characters are easy to identify with, and anyone can pick one character and say "yeah, that's me" as they read the story.
I recommend this book to anyone interested in the F/P War or French/European culture/life of the Second Empire. Vivé Napoleon III!
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