1. Claude McKay Claude McKay (18891948). Chronology McKay's Life Bibliography On If We Must Die On The White City On The Tropics http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/m_r/mckay/mckay.htm

Claude McKay (1889-1948) Chronology McKay's Life Bibliography On "If We Must Die" ... External Links Prepared and Compiled by William Maxwell, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Return to Modern American Poetry Home Return to Poets Index

2. Claude McKay Claude McKay (1889 1948). a web guide to Claude McKay from literaryhistory.com. http://www.literaryhistory.com/20thC/McKay.htm

Claude McKay (1889 - 1948) a web guide to Claude McKay from literaryhistory.com main page 20th century outline authors, alphabetical 19th century authors General Articles http://www.accd.edu/sac/english/bailey/mckayc.htm A list of works by and about Claude McKay from the San Antonio College libweb http://www.poets.org/poets/poets.cfm?prmID=26 An introduction to Claude McKay from the Academy of American Poets. http://www.si.umich.edu/CHICO/Harlem/text/mckay.html An introduction to McKay from from the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture at the New York Public Library. http://www.accd.edu/sac/english/bailey/aframlit.htm A timeline for African American literature published from 1746 - 1999, by Roger Blackwell Bailey Ph.D. http://www.bluefield.wvnet.edu/library/afamlinks.htm A thorough list of web resources for African American writers and literature from the Bluefield State College Library. Harlem Renaissance http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/harlem/contents.html Reprint of the influential Survey Graphic Harlem Number, 1925, which includes articles on the new scene in Harlem by James Weldon Johnson, W.E.B. DuBois, Countee Cullen, poems by Langston Hughes, Jean Toomer, and Cullen, and more. A project of the Univ. of Virginia electronic text center.

3. Claude McKay Claude McKay (18911948). http://www.nku.edu/~diesmanj/mckay.html

Claude McKay The Tropics in New York After the Winter Heritage Spring in New Hampshire ... Flame-Heart The Tropics in New York Bananas ripe and green, and ginger-root, Cocoa in pods and alligator pears, And tangerines and mangoes and grapefruit, Fit for the highest prize at parish fairs, Set in the window, bringing memories Of fruit-trees laden by low-singing rills, And dewy dawns, and mystical blue skies In benediction over nun-like hills. My eyes grew dim and I could no more gaze; A wave of longing through my body swept, And, hungry for the old, familiar ways, I turned aside and bowed my head and wept. After the Winter Some day, when trees have shed their leaves And against the morning's white The shivering birds beneath the eaves Have sheltered for the night, We'll turn our faces southward, love, Toward the summer isle Where bamboos spire to shafted grove And wide-mouthed orchids smile. And we will seek the quiet hill Where towers the cotton tree, And leaps the laughing crystal rill, And works the droning bee.

4. Harlem 1900-1940: Schomburg Exhibit Claude McKay Claude McKay poet, novelist, short story writer photo by James L.Allen Claude McKay is regarded as one of the first significant http://www.si.umich.edu/CHICO/Harlem/text/mckay.html

Home Timeline Exhibition For Teachers Resources Claude McKay poet, novelist, short story writer photo by James L. Allen Claude McKay is regarded as one of the first significant writers of the Harlem Renaissance. Born in Jamaica, he arrived in the United States in 1912 at the age of 21 and had already gained recognition as a poet with his book Songs of Jamaica, published in 1911. He attended Tuskegee Institute and Kansas State University, then traveled to New York and participated in the literary movements there, both in Harlem and in Greenwich Village. His sonnet, "If We Must Die," is his most popular poem. He earned his living as a porter on the railroad and was a resident of Harlem. His book of poems, Harlem Shadows, published in 1922, was a precursor to the Harlem Renaissance. He also became associate editor of The Liberator, a socialist magazine of art and literature. Working closely with Max Eastman, he traveled to Moscow in 1923 in sympathy with the Bolshevik Revolution and became a sort of national hero there. Other books by Claude McKay include Banjo, Harlem: Negro Metropolis

5. Claude McKay Claude McKay's. The Tropics in New York. Harlem Shadows. AMERICA. If We Must Die.The Barrier. back to. Snally Gaster's African American Phat Library Experience. http://www.math.buffalo.edu/~sww/poetry/mckay_claude.html

Claude McKay's The Tropics in New York Harlem Shadows AMERICA If We Must Die ... The Barrier back to Snally Gaster's African American Phat Library Experience Not enough poems here? Email me your favorite works of the masters (no amateurs please). CONTACT The Tropics in New York Bananas ripe and green, and ginger-root Cocoa in pods and alligator pears, And tangerines and mangoes and grape fruit, Fit for the highest prize at parish fairs, Set in the window, bringing memories Of fruit-trees laden by low-singing rills, And dewy dawna, and mystical skies In benediction over nun-like hills. My eyes grew dim, and I could no more gaze; A wave of longing through my body swept, And, hungry for the old, familiar ways, I turned aside and bowed my head and wept. Harlem Shadows I hear the halting footsteps of a lass In Negro Harlem when the night lets fall Its veil. I see the shapes of girls who pass To bend and barter at desire's call. Ah, little dark girls who in slippered feet Go prowling through the night from street to street Through the long night until the silver break Of day the little gray feet know no rest;

6. Claude McKay Claude McKay, Education on Claude McKay was born in Jamaica on 15th September,1890. He began writing poetry as a schoolboy. He worked http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ARTmckay.htm

Claude McKay To receive your free copy every week enter your email address below. FREE Education Newsletters - choose below... Education on the Internet Teaching History Online Email: Let keep Ahead .com bring you the world by email Spartacus USA History British History Second World War ... Email Claude McKay was born in Jamaica on 15th September, 1890. He began writing poetry as a schoolboy. He worked as a policeman in Spanish Town and when he was twenty-two had his first volume of poems, Songs of Jamaica (1912) published. In 1912 McKay moved to the United States where he attended Tuskegee Institute in Alabama and Kansas State University . He continued to write poetry and in 1918 his work was praised by both Frank Harris and Max Eastman . The following year, his poem

7. Claude McKay Claude McKay (18901948) Photo Carl Van Vecten. Mckay, born Banana Bottom(Harvest Book, HB 273) Claude McKay / Paperback / Pub. Price $9.00 http://aalbc.com/authors/claude.htm

AALBC Home Author Index Back Author Home ... Buy Any Book Claude McKay Photo Carl Van Vecten Mckay, born in Jamaica, was a significant figure during the New Negro Movement (the Harlem Renaissance). Banana Bottom (Harvest Book, HB 273) You Save Banana Bottom Banjo; A Story without a Plot (Harvest Book) You Save A Long Way from Home The Negroes in America AALBC.com Home Advertise Discussion Chat ... Buy Any Book powered by G O O G L E Search Now: http://aalbc.com

8. Claude McKay Claude Mckay (18901948). Though not a native American, Jamaican born ClaudeMcKay was one of the most prominent figures in the Harlem Renaissance. http://www.miamisci.org/youth/unity/Unity1/Brenda/pages/McKay.html

C laude M ckay Though not a native American, Jamaican born Claude McKay was one of the most prominent figures in the Harlem Renaissance. His "If We Must Die" was published in the Liberator in 1919, making it one of the very first poems initiating the tone, subject, and matter of the literary movement. Here are a few lines from the text: "If we must die, let it not be like hogs Hunted and penned in an inglorious spot, . . . Like men we'll face the murderous, cowardly pack, Pressed to the wall, dying, but fighting back!" The content of "If We Must Die" is revolutionary a quality evident in much of McKay's writing. As the poem suggests, McKay believed it to be a poet's duty to politically inform and agitate the minds of the people. During his lifetime, he often spoke out against and wrote about the institutionalized racism of governments in some of the world's most powerful countries. America and England were two of his more popular targets. He traveled from Jamaica visiting numerous places such as America, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union. During his travels, he could not help but observe and study the oppression of different peoples and attempt his best to advocate political change.

9. Claude McKay Claude McKay. Buy A Fierce Hatred of Injustice Claude McKay's Jamaican Poetryof Rebellion, Search Books, cover. http://caribbeanhalloffame.tripod.com/articlewriter.htm

Claude McKay (b. Sept. 15, 1890, Jamaica, West Indies, d. May 22, 1948, Chicago, Ill., U.S.) Jamaican-born poet and novelist whose Home to Harlem (1928) was the most popular novel written by an American black at that time. Before moving to the United States in 1912, McKay wrote two volumes of dialect verse, Songs of Jamaica and Constab Badlands McKay's parents, Thomas Francis McKay and Hannah Ann McKay, were prosperous farmers by the standards of Sunny Ville, Jamaica, the town where McKay was born. Through the efforts of his brother Uriah Theodore, a schoolteacher, and of Walter Jekyll, an expatriate Englishman who became McKay's patron and who was particularly important in encouraging McKay's literary ambitions, McKay received more formal education than was typical for a child of a farming family. He became a police constable (or "constab") in Kingston in 1911. After attending Tuskegee (Ala.) Institute and Kansas State Teachers College, he went to New York in 1914, where he contributed to

10. Claude McKay Claude McKay was born in Jamaica, West Indies, in 1889. He was educatedby his older brother, who possessed a library of English http://www.fatherryan.org/harlemrenaissance/mckay.htm

Claude McKay was born in Jamaica, West Indies, in 1889. He was educated by his older brother, who possessed a library of English novels, poetry, and scientific texts. At the age of twenty, McKay published a book of verse called Songs of Jamaica, recording his impressions of black life in Jamaica in dialect. In 1912, he travelled to the United States to attend Tuskegee Institute. He remained there only a few months, leaving to study agriculture at Kansas State University. He published two sonnets, "The Harlem Dancer" and "Invocation," in 1917, and would later use the same poetic form to record his reactionary views on the injustices of black life in America. In addition to social and political concerns, McKay wrote on a variety of subjects, from his Jamaican homeland to romantic love, with a use of passionate language. During the twenties, McKay developed an interest in Communism and travelled to Russia and then to France where he met Edna St. Vincent Millay and Sinclair Lewis. In 1934, McKay moved back to the United States and lived in Harlem, New York. Losing faith in Communism, he turned his attention to the teachings of various spiritual and political leaders in Harlem, eventually converting to Catholicism. McKay’s viewpoints and poetic achievements in the earlier part of the twentieth century set the tone for the Harlem Renaissance and gained the deep respect of younger black poets of the time, including Langston Hughes. He died in 1948.

11. Claude McKay Claude McKay (18901948). http://www.sonnets.org/mckay.htm

Claude McKay (1890-1948) From Harlem Shadows America Wild May In Bondage ... I Shall Return My Mother ( I and II Africa On a Primative Canoe To Winter ... Poetry The Snow Fairy ( I and II La Paloma In London One Year After ( I and II Thirst Futility Through Agony ( I and II America Although she feeds me bread of bitterness, And sinks into my throat her tiger's tooth, Stealing my breath of life, I will confess I love this cultured hell that tests my youth! Her vigor flows like tides into my blood, Giving me strength erect against her hate. Her bigness sweeps my being like a flood. Yet as a rebel fronts a king in state, I stand within her walls with not a shred Of terror, malice, not a word of jeer. Darkly I gaze into the days ahead, And see her might and granite wonders there, Beneath the touch of Time's unerring hand, Like priceless treasures sinking in the sand. Wild May Aleta mentions in her tender letters, Among a chain of quaint and touching things, That you are feeble, weighted down with fetters, And given to strange deeds and mutterings. No longer without trace or thought of fear

12. Claude McKay Claude McKay was born in Jamica and became. a majorpoet of the Harlem Renaissance. He died in 1948. http://www.canwehaveourballback.com/mckaybio.htm

Claude McKay was born in Jamica and became a major poet of the Harlem Renaissance. He died in 1948.

13. Claude McKay Claude McKay 18901948 Poet and novelist, born in Jamaica, McKaycame to the United States in 1912. He was the first black best http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/masterpiece/americancollection/cora/harlem/mckay_bio.htm

Poet and novelist, born in Jamaica, McKay came to the United States in 1912. He was the first black best-selling author with Home to Harlem.

14. Claude McKay Claude McKay 18901948 1922 - Harlem Shadows Poetry 1928 - Home to Harlem Novel1929 - Banjo A Story without a Plot Novel 1933 - Banana Bottom Novel 1937 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/masterpiece/americancollection/cora/harlem/mckay_works.h

1922 - Harlem Shadows Poetry 1928 - Home to Harlem Novel 1929 - Banjo: A Story without a Plot Novel 1933 - Banana Bottom Novel 1937 - A Long Way from Home Autobiography

15. Claude McKay Claude McKay (18891948) Born MAPS). Claude McKay, Home to Harlem (1928)Today, as never before, Home to Harlem deserves a fresh reading. http://www2.english.uiuc.edu/finnegan/English 251/claude_mckay.htm

Claude McKay (1889-1948) But his first poems were actually rather different. A white British expatriate in Jamaica, Walter Jekyll, encouraged him to write dialect poems embodying Jamaican folklore. That he did in Songs of Jamaica (1912), and Constab Ballads (1912) drew on his brief stint as a policeman. That same year he emigrated to the United States to study farming, but soon abandoned that pursuit and headed for New York City. While working as a railroad dining car waiter he began to write radical poetry. "If We Must Die" appeared in the July 1919 issue of the leftwing magazine Liberator . McKay had been drawn to the radical union, the IWW, to several socialist groups, and to the New Masses radicals who were now issuing Liberator . For a time he was an active member of the New York left, even making a successful trip to the Soviet Union from 1922-1923. His most influential book of poems, Harlem Shadows , appeared in 1922. A founding text of the Harlem Renaissance, many of its poems had inspired African American writers when they appeared in journals earlier. Even this small selection gives us a rich and multifaceted portrait of race in America, but the poems demand careful reading. "If We Must Die" should be read in the context of race riots and the anticommunist red scare of 1919. "The White City" is not an attack on white people but rather a critique of race-based economic and political power.

16. CLAUDE McKAY CLAUDE McKAY. Barnett, David. Black History Month Wayne F. Cooper. Aull,Fellice. New York University School of Medicine Claude McKay. http://ucl.broward.edu/writers/mckay.htm

CLAUDE McKAY Barnett, David. Black History Month; Reclaiming Lesbigay African-Americans: Claude McKay http://www.uic.edu/depts/quic/history/black_history/mckay.html University of Illinois at Chicago professor's page with a brief biography. Reuben, Paul P. "Chapter 9: Harlem Renaissance - Claude McKay (1890-1948) - A Brief Biography." PAL: Perspectives on American Literature- A Research and Reference Guide. http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/TABLE.HTML Bibliography of writings and criticism. Bontemps, Arna Alexander. Away From Harlem The New York Times On the Web. 20 September 1987. Lead: LEAD: http://search.nytimes.com/books/search/bin/fastweb?getdoc+book-full+book-r+8255+0++%28%27claude%20mckay%27%3Afull%29 Review of Claude Mckay Rebel Sojourner in the Harlem Renaissance by Wayne F. Cooper. Aull, Fellice. New York University School of Medicine: Claude McKay. http://mchip00.med.nyu.edu/lit-med/lit-med-db/webdocs/webauthors/mckay169-au-.html Author page with a link to an annotation on "The Lynching." Chamberlain, John R. Jazz Days. The New York Times On the Web. 6 October 1996.

17. Selected Poems Of Claude McKay McKay Claude Selected Poems of Claude McKay mckay claude. Title Selected Poems of ClaudeMcKay Author mckay claude. Category Literature Fiction http://www.novelindex.com/McKay-Claude-Selected-Poems-of-Claude-0156806495.html

Selected Poems of Claude McKay McKay Claude Title: Selected Poems of Claude McKay Author: McKay Claude Eiseley, Loren C. The Unexpect... McCorduck, Pamela Universal Ma... Hartman Unme... Djilas, Milovan The Unperfect ... ... Down to Business. Wi-3190194742...

18. Claude McKay Claude McKay. He also wrote several novels such as Home To Harlem, Banjo, The Passionof Claude McKay Selected Prose and Poetry 19121948, and Banana Bottom. http://www.tesd.k12.pa.us/stoga/dept/Barry/Barry1/Literature/HR_lit1_files/HR_li

Claude McKay -poet -born in Jamaica -wrote Songs of Jamaica and Constab Ballads -often used Jamaican dialects in his works -During a trip to England he completed a collection of lyrics called Spring in New Hampshire -He also wrote several novels such as Home To Harlem Banjo The Passion of Claude McKay: Selected Prose and Poetry 1912-1948 , and Banana Bottom -His work promoted spiritual freedom and humanitarian political and social values -He wrote If We Must Die , which calls for a universal movement against oppression Back to Intro Page

19. Claude McKay (1890-1948) claude mckay (18901948) Though not a native American, Jamaican born claude mckay was one of the most prominent figures in the Harlem Renaissance. http://www.unc.edu/courses/eng81br1/claude2.html

Claude McKay (1890-1948) Though not a native American, Jamaican born Claude McKay was one of the most prominent figures in the Harlem Renaissance. His "If We Must Die" was published in the Liberator in 1919, making it one of the very first poems initiating the tone, subject, and matter of the literary movement. Here are a few lines from the text: If we must die, let it not be like hogs Hunted and penned in an inglorious spot, . . . Like men we’ll face the muderous, cowardly pack, Pressed to the wall, dying, but fighting back! The content of "If We Must Die" is revolutionarya quality evident in much of McKay’s writing. As the poem suggests, McKay believed part of a poet’s job is to politically inform the minds of the people. During his lifetime, he often spoke out against and wrote about the institutionalized racism of governments in the world’s most powerful countries like America and England. He traveled from Jamaica to America, Great Britain and the Soviet Union studying the oppression of different peoples and advocating political change. His political ideas were exemplified early in his literary career by the presence of dialect and island culture in his poetry. They also appeared in his fiction in which he often captured the working class black who struggled to make it in his allotted life. His novels include

20. PAL: Claude McKay (1890-1948) Chapter 9 Harlem Renaissance claude mckay (1890-1948) http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap9/mckay.html

PAL: Perspectives in American Literature - A Research and Reference Guide Paul P. Reuben Chapter 9: Harlem Renaissance - Claude McKay (1890-1948) Primary Works Selected Bibliography MLA Style Citation of this Web Page Chap. 9: Index ... Home Page Source: The Academy of American Poets Top Primary Works Two books of dialect verse Songs of Jamaica Constab Ballads Novels Home to Harlem Banjo Gingertown Banana Bottom Poetry Collections Spring in New Hampshire Harlem Shadows Autobiography A Long Way From Home Sociological Study Harlem: Negro Metropolis Top Selected Bibliography: Books Cooper, Wayne F. Claude McKay: Rebel Sojourner in the Harlem Renaissance: A Biography . Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1987. Lee, Robert A. Harlem on My Mind: Fictions of Black Metropolis . New York: St. Martin's, 1988. LeSeur, Geta. Claude McKay's Marxism . New York: Garland, 1989. McLeod, A.L. Claude McKay as Historical Witness . New Delhi: Sterling, 1989. Nelson, Emmanuel S. Community and Individual Identity in the Novels of Claude McKay . New Delhi: Sterling, 1992.

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