1. Who2 Profile: Booker T. Washington BOOKER T. WASHINGTON • Educator. Booker T. Washington Archive of documents,a short biography, and the full text of Up From Slavery. Birth 1856. http://www.who2.com/bookertwashington.html

BOOKER T. WASHINGTON Educator Born a slave and deprived of any early education, Booker Taliaferro Washington went on to become America's foremost black educator of the early 20th Century. He was the first principal at the Tuskegee Institute, where he championed vocational training as a means for black self-reliance. A well-known orator, Washington also wrote a best-selling autobiography and advised Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Taft on race relations. His rather flaccid nickname of "The Great Accomodator" provides a clue as to why he was later criticized by W. E. B. Du Bois and the N.A.A.C.P. Booker T. Washington appears with tennis star Althea Gibson in our loop on Black History Biography.Com Good basic introduction to Washington's life Brief Biography of Washington From 'Turn of the Century History' African American Odyssey Detailed chapter on the 'Booker T. Washington era,' with info on Washington and others Booker T. Washington Archive of documents, a short biography, and the full text of Up From Slavery Birth: Birthplace: Franklin County, Virginia

2. Progress Of A People: Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington (18561915) Washington, Booker Taliaferro. For decades, Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) was the major African-American spokesman in the eyes of white America. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/aap/bookert.html

African-American Perspectives Biography Booker T. Washington Washington, Booker Taliaferro. Cheynes Studio. Photograph, ca. 1903. LC-USZ62-49568. For decades, Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) was the major African-American spokesman in the eyes of white America. Born a slave in Virginia, Washington was educated at Hampton Institute, Norfolk, Virginia. He began to work at the Tuskegee Institute in 1881 and built it into a center of learning and industrial and agricultural training. A handsome man and a forceful speaker, Washington was skilled at politics. Powerful and influential in both the black and white communities, Washington was a confidential advisor to presidents. For years, presidential political appointments of African-Americans were cleared through him. He was funded by Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller, dined at the White House with Theodore Roosevelt and family, and was the guest of the Queen of England at Windsor Castle. Although Washington was an accommodator, he spoke out against lynchings and worked to make "separate" facilities more "equal." Although he advised African-Americans to abide by segregation codes, he often traveled in private railroad cars and stayed in good hotels. Return to Industrial Education OR Return to Address to the Country African-American Perspectives

3. Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington (18561915) Booker T. Washington was born into slavery in FranklinCounty near Roanoke, Virginia in 1856, and moved with his family just http://www.virginia.edu/history/courses/fall.97/hius323/btw.html

Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) Booker T. Washington was born into slavery in Franklin County near Roanoke, Virginia in 1856, and moved with his family just after the Civil War to Malden, West Virginia, where Washington worked in the salt mines. In the selection here from his autobiography, Up From Slavery, Washington tells the story of his journey from West Virginia to Hampton Institute in Virginia's Tidewater region and then to the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. When Washington became president of Tuskegee in 1881, the school hardly existed, yet largely through his efforts it became one of the leading facilities for black education in the United States. By the 1890s, Washington was the most prominent African-American in the country, and a number of Presidents, as well as business leaders, relied on Washington as an advisor. Other African-American leaders and intellectuals, however, most notably W.E.B. DuBois , resented Washington's message of political accommodation in favor of economic progress and distrusted his reliance on wealthy white Northerners for assistance. Leaders such as DuBois also resented Washington's willingness to use his political and economic influence in controlling ways that led them to refer to the "Tuskegee Machine." Washington's autobiography, Up From Slavery

4. Booker T. Washington Hyperlinked biography of Washington with comments on his life by contemporaries.Category Arts Literature 19th Century Washington, Booker T.......Booker T. Washington, Education When Booker entered school he took the nameof his stepfather and became known as Booker T. Washington. After http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAbooker.htm

Booker T. Washington To receive your free copy every week enter your email address below. FREE Education Newsletters - choose below... Education on the Internet Teaching History Online Email: Let keep Ahead .com bring you the world by email Spartacus USA History British History Second World War ... Email Booker Taliaferro was born a mulatto slave in Franklin Country on 5th April, 1856. His father was an unknown white man and his mother, the slave of James Burroughs, a small farmer in Virginia. Later, his mother married the slave, Washington Ferguson. When Booker entered school he took the name of his stepfather and became known as Booker T. Washington. After the Civil War the family moved to Malden, West Virginia. Ferguson worked in the salt mines and at the age of nine Booker found employment as a salt-packer. A year later he became a coal miner (1866-68) before going to work as a houseboy for the wife of Lewis Ruffner, the owner of the mines. She encouraged Booker to continue his education and in 1872 he entered the Hampton Agricultural Institute. The principal of the institute was Samuel Armstrong, an opponent of

5. Tennessee State Parks: Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington State Park 5801 Champion Road Chattanooga, TN 37416 423894-4955fax423-855-9879 Directions. Group Camping. Group Lodge. Boating. Fishing. http://www.state.tn.us/environment/parks/bookert/

Search TennesseeAnytime TN Department of Environment and Conservation TN State Parks Directory Center Booker T. Washington State Park 5801 Champion Road Chattanooga, TN fax:423-855-9879 Directions Group Camping Group Lodge Boating ... Seasonal Operating Schedule Park Office A $3 per vehicle, per day access fee is charged at this park. For more information on access fees, see our Parks Access Fees Information web page. Interested in purchasing a Tennessee State Park Multi-Visit Pass (MVP) by mail? Here's how! Situated on the shores of scenic Chickamauga Lake not far from the city of Chattanooga is 353-acre Booker T. Washington State Park. The parks is named in honor of the famous leader, Booker Taliaferro Washington. Washington was born into slavery at Hale's Ford, Virginia, but with great determination he secured an education and went on to become one of our great Americans. He is perhaps best known as a former president of the Tuskegee Institute, a black organization for higher education.

6. Lesson Planet - Social Studies,Famous People,Washington Booker T Lesson Plans Found 3 lessons and 4 other resources for 'washington booker t.', 2 WebSites, 0 Books, 0 Software. Category matches for 'washington booker t'. http://lessonplanet.teacherwebtools.com/search/Social_Studies/Famous_People/Wash

Grade K - 2 higher ed Search from over 20,000 online lesson plans by keyword and grade! Membership Log In User Name: Password: Mar. 25, 2003 06:16 PST Resources Other Teacher Resources Education Clip Art Grant Information Curriculum Tools Collaborative Projects ... Link To Us Teacher Discussions Click to discuss teaching topics with your peers! Pre K-6 Elem. Discussion 7-12 Sec. Discussion Ed. Tech. Discussion privacy Found lessons and other resources for ' washington booker t. Web Sites Books Software Maps ... Videos Find 'washington booker t' books Supplies Online Courses Category matches for: ' washington booker t Home/Social Studies/Famous People Washington Booker T (7) Home Social Studies Famous People ... Washington Booker T Lesson Plans (1-3 of 3): Getting to Know Theodore Roosevelt, Jane Addams, Booker T. Washington, and Woodrow Wilson - Lesson Plan - Objectives: The student will be able to: 1. define reform and give examples of political and social reform. 2. demonstrate how a major reformer made significant changes in America in the late nineteenth or early twentieth centuries. Grades: Rating: Add to Learninglinks Tell a friend!

7. Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington. Biography, Photo Essay. Who 2 Profile, I Am. AlabamaHall of Fame, Monument. Black History Links. Educational Links. History Links. http://www.cia-g.com/~rockets/btw.htm

Booker T. Washington Biography Photo Essay Who 2: Profile I Am ... History Links

8. 1896: Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington Democracy and Education . Booker T. Washington,circa 1903 Courtesy Library of Congress American Memory Project. http://iberia.vassar.edu/1896/btwashington.html

Booker T. Washington "Democracy and Education" Address Before the Institute of Arts and Sciences Brooklyn, New York, September 30, 1896 Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: It is said that the strongest chain is no stronger than its weakest link. In the Southern part of our country there are twenty-two millions of your brethren who are bound to you by ties which you cannot tear asunder if you would. The most intelligent man in your community has his intelligence darkened by the ignorance of a fellow citizen in the Mississippi bottoms. The most wealthy in your city would be more wealthy but for the poverty of a fellow being in the Carolina rice swamps. The most moral and religious among you has his religion and morality modified by the degradation of the man in the South whose religion is a mere matter of form or emotionalism. The vote in your state that is cast for the highest and purest form of government is largely neutralized by the vote of the man in Louisiana whose ballot is stolen or cast in ignorance. When the South is poor, you are poor; when the South commits crime, you commit crime. My friends, there is no mistake; you must help us to raise the character of our civilization or yours will be lowered.... Can you make your intelligence affect us in the same ratio that our ignorance affects you? Let us put a not improbable case, one that involves peace or war, the honor or dishonor of our nationyea, the very existence of the government. The North and West are divided. There are five million votes to be cast in the South, and of this number one half are ignorant. Not only are one half the voters ignorant, but, because of this ignorant vote, corruption, dishonesty in a dozen forms have crept into the exercise of the political franchise.... The time may not be far off when to this kind of jury we shall have to look for the verdict that is to decide the course of our democratic institutions.

9. The Booker T. Washington Papers, Vol.2, Page 539, Items From The Hampton Institu Farm Work School Work Cash Miscellaneous washington booker t. 2.88 2.88 WashingtonBooker washington booker t. Washington Booker F.1 Washington Booker F http://stills.nap.edu/btw/Vol.2/html/539.html

MM_preloadImages('/btw/images/uip/uip_dn.gif'); MM_preloadImages('/btw/images/next_burgundy.gif'); MM_preloadImages('/btw/images/prev_burgundy.gif'); MM_preloadImages('/btw/images/next_burgundy.gif'); MM_preloadImages('/btw/images/prev_burgundy.gif'); Vol.1: Autobiog. Vol.2: 1860-1889 Vol.3: 1889-1895 Vol.4: 1895-1898 Vol.5: 1899-1900 Vol.6: 1901-1902 Vol.7: 1903-1904 Vol.8: 1904-1906 Vol.9: 1906-1908 Vol.10: 1909-11 Vol.11: 1911-12 Vol.12: 1912-14 Vol.13: 1914-15 Vol.14: Index All Writings Vol.1: Autobiog. Vol.2: 1860-1889 Vol.3: 1889-1895 Vol.4: 1895-1898 Vol.5: 1899-1900 Vol.6: 1901-1902 Vol.7: 1903-1904 Vol.8: 1904-1906 Vol.9: 1906-1908 Vol.10: 1909-11 Vol.11: 1911-12 Vol.12: 1912-14 Vol.13: 1914-15 Volume 1: Autobiographical Writings Volume 2: 1860-1889 Volume 3: 1889-1895 Volume 4: 1895-1898 Volume 5: 1899-1900 Volume 6: 1901-1902 Volume 7: 1903-1904 Volume 8: 1904-1906 Volume 9: 1906-8 Volume 10: 1909-11 Volume 11: 1911-12 Volume 12: 1912-14 Volume 13: 1914-15 Volume 14: Cumulative Index BTWP Vol.2 Linked Table of Contents Front Matter, pp. i-x

10. Booker T. Washington BOOKER T. WASHINGTON. The Library. WORKS BY BOOKER T. WASHINGTON. UpFrom Slavery (Tuskegee Institute Press, 1901). AL. Burt Co. BW317. http://www.wvculture.org/history/notewv/bookert.html

BOOKER T. WASHINGTON The following is a list of books and articles by and about Carter G. Woodson which can be found at the West Virginia State Archives Library. WORKS BY BOOKER T. WASHINGTON Up From Slavery (Tuskegee Institute Press, 1901). AL. Burt Co. The Future of The American Negro (Boston, Small, Maynard and Company, 1899). A New Negro For A New Century (Arro Press, 1969). Reprint of the 1900 edition. The Man Farthest Down: A Record of Observation and Study in Europe (Double, Page Company, 1912). Tuskegee: Its People: Their Ideals and Achievements D. Appleton and Company, 1905). Working With Hands...Covering The Author's Experience in Industrial Training at Tuskegee (Doubleday, Page and Company, 1904). The Story of The Negro: The Rise of The Race From Slavery (Negro Universities Press, 1969). Reprint at the 1908-09/edition. The Story of My Life and Work (Negro Universities Press, printed 1900 edition, 1969). B W317A SUGGESTED READINGS Mathews, Basil Joseph. Booker T. Washington: Educator and Interracial Interpreter (Harvard University Press, 1948).

11. Booker T Washington Booker Taliaferro Washington on Education. Booker T. Washington stands out in AmericanHistory as a school book black hero. Booker T. Washington's Autobiography. http://www.northbysouth.org/1998/edu/home/btw.htm

Booker Taliaferro Washington on Education Booker T. Washington stands out in American History as a school book black hero. Some have even gone as far as to label Booker T. Washington a token Negro in the company of white heroes. This is because of his acceptance of segregation, his outward humility, and his opposition to black militancy, even more than because of his constructive achievements as an educator and race leader. His critics argue that his methods were too compromising and unheroic to be placed in the forefront as the spokesperson for black progress. Washington was best known as the Negro spokesperson who, in the Atlanta Compromise Address in 1895, accepted the Southern white demand for racial segregation. He was also the hero of this own success story, Up From Slavery . This autobiography described how he came up from poverty through self-help and the help of benevolent whites to be the foremost black educator and the successor of Frederick Douglass as a black leader and spokesman. Regardless of the position one chooses to take on Washington, he meant many things to many people, and his ideas were critical to helping blacks establish a foundation for progress here in the United States. "While I have never wished to underestimate the awakening power of purely mental training, I believe that this visible, tangible contact with nature gave me inspirations and ambitions which could not have come in any other way. I favor the most thorough mental training and the highest development of mind, but I want to see these linked with the common things of the universal life about our doors."

12. African-American Literature: Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington Letters. Letter, Booker T.Washington to DH Greer, November 25, 1899. http://www.lib.virginia.edu/speccol/exhibits/rec_acq/history/btw.html

Booker T. Washington Letters Letter, Booker T. Washington to D.H. Greer, November 25, 1899 Letter, Booker T. Washington to D.H. Greer, December 23, 1902

13. The History Cooperative || Booker T. Washington Papers Access the multivolume collection of papers authored by booker T. washington. Includes image archives and purchasing details for the print version. http://www.historycooperative.org/btw

Volumes Images Search Info Volumes Images Search Info ... University of Illinois Press

14. Booker T. Washington, 1856-1915. Up From Slavery: An Autobiography. Biographical Information About booker T. washington. http://docsouth.unc.edu/washington/menu.html

Booker T. Washington, 1856-1915 Up from Slavery: An Autobiography. Full Text (ix, 330 p., ca. 550K) HTML file SGML/TEI file for use with an SGML Viewer Illustrations Title Page Portrait List of Illustrations Biographical Information About Booker T. Washington Subjects African Americans Biography. Educators United States Biography. Tuskegee Institute. Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915. Funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities supported the electronic publication of this title. Return to "North American Slave Narratives" Home Page Return to "Library of Southern Literature" Home Page Return to "First Person Narratives of the American South" Home Page Return to Documenting the American South Home Page Feedback URL: http://docsouth.unc.edu/washington/menu.html Last update February 07, 2001

15. Booker T Washington National Monument (National Park Service) This National Park Service official website acts as a virtual visitor's center, offering history, park information, an indepth section, and a store. Also a link to the National Park Foundation's (NPF) African American Experience Fund. http://www.nps.gov/bowa

Booker T Washington National Monument Located in Hardy, VA TRAVEL BASICS CAMPING LODGING ACTIVITIES FACILITIES FEES/PERMITS Historic Area (NPS Photo) IN BRIEF On April 5, 1856, a child who later called himself Booker T. Washington, was born in slavery on this 207-acre tobacco farm. The realities of life as a slave in piedmont Virginia, the quest by African Americans for education and equality, and the post-war struggle over political participation all shaped the options and choices of Booker T. Washington. Washington founded Tuskegee Institute in Alabama in 1881 and later became an important and controversial leader of his race at a time when increasing racism in the United States made it necessary for African Americans to adjust themselves to a new era of legalized oppression. Visitors are invited to step back in time and experience firsthand the life and landscape of people who lived in an era when slavery was part of the fabric of American life. DESIGNATIONS National Monument - April 5, 1956

16. Booker T. Washington Biography of booker T. washington, educator and activist and energy take them far past any limitations life tries to place on them. booker T. washington was one of those people. http://www.ushistory.net/toc/washington.html

There are people whose abilities and energy take them far past any limitations life tries to place on them. Booker T. Washington was one of those people. He rose up from slavery and illiteracy to become the foremost educator and leader of black Americans at the turn of the century. Childhood His childhood was one of privation, poverty, slavery and back-breaking work. Born in 1856, he was from birth the property of James Burroughs of Virginia. Not much is known of his father - even by Washington himself. His mother, Jane, raised him, and he was put to work as early as possible. Since it was illegal for a slave to learn to read and write Washington received no education. On September 22, 1862 Lincoln issued The Emancipation Proclamation, but of course it could not be enforced until the end of the Civil War in 1865. The former slaves were at first jubilant about being free but it quickly became apparent that there was no place for most of them to go. Washington's step-father was very fortunate because he found work packing salt in Malden, West Virginia. Jane moved herself and her children to join her husband. The nine-year old Washington spent long, exhausting days packing salt. Like many blacks after Emancipation, Washington wanted an education. So despite the exhausting days he used his free time to go to school. But it was not enough. When he was 16 he decided that he wanted to go to Hampton Institute in Virginia. He did not know if he could get in, and if he got in he didn't know how he was going to pay for it, but in 1872 he showed up on their doorstep flat broke and hungry.

17. Booker T. Washington Biography UP FROM SLAVERY booker T. washington recalled his childhood in his autobiography, Up From Slavery. http://www.nps.gov/bowa/btwbio.html

UP FROM SLAVERY Booker T. Washington recalled his childhood in his autobiography, Up From Slavery . He was born in 1856 on the Burroughs tobacco farm which, despite its small size, he always referred to as a "plantation." His mother was a cook, his father a white man from a nearby farm. "The early years of my life, which were spent in the little cabin," he wrote, "were not very different from those of other slaves." He went to school in Franklin County - not as a student, but to carry books for one of James Burroughs's daughters. It was illegal to educate slaves. "I had the feeling that to get into a schoolhouse and study would be about the same as getting into paradise," he wrote. In April 1865 the Emancipation Proclamation was read to joyful slaves in front of the Burroughs home. Booker's family soon left to join his stepfather in Malden, West Virginia. The young boy took a job in a salt mine that began at 4 a.m. so he could attend school later in the day. Within a few years, Booker was taken in as a houseboy by a wealthy towns-woman who further encouraged his longing to learn. At age 16, he walked much of the 500 miles back to Virginia to enroll in a new school for black students. He knew that even poor students could get an education at Hampton Institute, paying their way by working. The head teacher was suspicious of his country ways and ragged clothes. She admitted him only after he had cleaned a room to her satisfaction. In one respect he had come full circle, back to earning his living by menial tasks. Yet his entrance to Hampton led him away from a life of forced labor for good. He became an instructor there. Later, as principal and guiding force behind Tuskegee Institute in Alabama, which he founded in 1881, he became recognized as the nation's foremost black educator.

18. Washington, Booker T. 1901. Up From Slavery Nonfiction booker T. washington Up from Slavery http://www.bartleby.com/1004

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Nonfiction Booker T. Washington This volume is dedicated to my Wife, Margaret James Washington, and to my Brother, John H. Washington, whose patience, fidelity and hard work have gone far to make the work at Tuskegee successful. Booker T.

19. Booker T. Washington Collection At Bartleby.com Up from slavery an autobiography, by booker T. washington (18561915) booker T. washington. 1856-1915, Educator. booker Taliaferro washington was the foremost black educator of the late 19th http://www.bartleby.com/people/WshngtnBT.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Authors Nonfiction The outside world does not know, neither can it appreciate, the struggle that is constantly going on in the hearts of both the Southern white people and their former slaves to free themselves from racial prejudice; and while both races are thus struggling they should have the sympathy, the support, and the forbearance of the rest of the world. Last Words Booker T.

20. ThePragmatic Booker T. Washington Essay by Adib Rashad on differing views of washington and his contributions to American culture. http://www.themarcusgarveybbs.com/board/msgs/10127.html

ThePragmatic Booker T. Washington Posted by Adib Rashad ThePragmatic Booker T. Washington By Adib Rashad (RashadM@AOL.COM) The life of Booker T. Washington produces mixed emotions in the African American community. Some, if not most, view him as an enigma, ambiguous, and an accomodationistothers simply believe he was an overt Uncle Tom. Overtly, he definitely appeared to be what these words suggest, but covertly he was a very pragmatic tactician, who did and said things that coincided with the moment, and that produced efficacious results. Psychology permits me to say that Booker T. Washington's personality manifested his historical background, experiences, and his ability to adjust to his total environment. His individuality was shaped through and by particular social forces. His experiences as a slave, his early social and academic training, his identification with significant individuals, and his unique and oftentimes harrowing experiences with events in the South that gave us the total Booker T. Washington. All of these factors shaped and molded Booker T. in a manner that produced an ongoing controversy and

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