41. Anencephaly anencephaly. Fighters for Encephaly Support Group,. 332 BreretonStreet. Pittsburgh, PA 15219. (412) 6876437. (412) 331-4365. http://www.childhealthinfo.com/anencephaly.htm

ANENCEPHALY Fighters for Encephaly Support Group, 332 Brereton Street Pittsburgh, PA 15219 [Home] [Printed Guide] [Child Care for the '90's] [Links] ... MoreInfo@ChildHealthInfo.com

42. Anencephaly MORAL PRINCIPLES CONCERNING INFANTS WITH anencephaly. Most infants who haveanencephaly do not survive for more than a few days after birth. http://www.ewtn.com/library/PROLIFE/bcdanen1.htm

MORAL PRINCIPLES CONCERNING INFANTS WITH ANENCEPHALY Committee on Doctrine National Conference of Catholic Bishops (U.S.) BCD Staff Commentary Fr. Benedict Ashley Commentary Anencephaly is a congenital anomaly characterized by failure of development of the cerebral hemispheres and overlying skull and scalp, exposing the brain stem. This condition exists in varying degrees of severity. Most infants who have anencephaly do not survive for more than a few days after birth. Modern medical techniques usually can determine this condition with a high degree of certainty before birth. When anencephaly is detected, some physicians recommend that the pregnancy be terminated in order to free the mother from the psychological anxiety and possible physical complications throughout the remainder of the pregnancy. According to the well-established teaching of the Catholic Church, the rights of a mother and her unborn child deserve equal protection because they are based on the dignity of the human person whatever the condition of that person. Consequently, it can never be morally justified directly to cause the death of an innocent person no matter the age or condition of that person. Some have attempted to argue that anencephalic children may be prematurely delivered, even when this would be inappropriate for other children. This argument is based on the opinion that because of their apparent lack of cognitive function and in view of the probable brevity of their lives, these infants are not the subject of human rights or at least have lives of less meaning or purpose than others. Doubts about the human dignity of the anencephalic infant, however, have no solid ground, and the benefit of any doubt must be in the child's favour. As a general rule, conditions of the human body, regardless of severity, in no way compromise human dignity or human rights.

43. Anencephaly Of The Brain anencephaly of Brain From the Virtual Pathology Museum, Department ofPathology, University of Connecticut Health Center. anencephaly. http://radiology.uchc.edu/eAtlas/CNS/441.htm

44. Anencephaly - Medical Dictionary Of Popular Medical Terms To Help You Better Und anencephaly A neural tube defect (NTD) that occurs when the cephalic (head) endof the neural tube fails to close, usually between the 23rd and 26th days of http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/art.asp?li=MNI&ArticleKey=2245

45. Anencephaly Information anencephaly Information. anencephaly a congenital malformation that occursin approximately one in one thousand pregnancies. What is anencephaly ? http://www.anencephalie-info.org/memorial_anouk.htm

Anencephaly Information Anencephaly a congenital malformation that occurs in approximately one in one thousand pregnancies. Anencephaly is a neural tube defect, just as is spina bifida. Life expectancy for an anencephalic baby is just a few hours, sometimes a few days at most. As the malformation is usually detected during a pre-natal scan, parents are confronted with a choice between life and death. A choice often made with very little information of what is in store for them. It is with this in mind that we have made the choice to share the stories of the brief, but wonderful lifes of anencephalic babies. I hope that it will be of help to you and impart courage. Read stories of the lifes of anencephalic infants, brief, but wonderful: Anouk L oren Joseph Michael Andrew Take a look at Anouk's Pictures What is anencephaly ? with medical information How to prevent anencephaly Creating memories of your precious baby Advice for taking pictures of death or dying babies Comfort ... Links e-mail: info@anencephalie-info.org You are valuable because you exist. Not because of what you do or what you have done

46. Medical Information About Anencephaly home. Medical information about anencephaly. What is anencephaly? Click on thetumbnail to enlarge the picture. More medical information about anencephaly http://www.anencephalie-info.org/medical.htm

home Medical information about Anencephaly What is anencephaly? Anencephaly is a neural tube defect (NTD) in which the brain and cranial vault are grossly malformed. A major portion of the brain is reduced or absent, but the hindbrain is present. Facial structures are generally present and appear relatively normal (fig. 1). The cranial lesion is occasionally covered by skin, but, usually, it is not. This defect results when the neural tube fails to close during the third to fourth weeks of development, leading to fetal loss, stillbirth, or neonatal death. Anencephaly, like other forms of NTDs, generally follows a multifactorial pattern of transmission, with interaction of multiple genes as well as environmental factors. Anencephaly can be detected prenatally through maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening or ultrasound imaging. Folic acid has been shown to be an efficacious preventive agent that reduces the potential risk of anencephaly and other NTDs by approximately two thirds. fig. 1 diagramm of an anencephalic baby's head, click on the thumbnail to enlarge Pathophysiology: Anencephaly is due to failure of primary neurulation (neurulation is the process which progenitors of the central nervous system are shaped, separated from and brought beneath the epidermis). In the normal human embryo, the neural plate arises approximately 18 days after fertilization (fig 2 and 3). During the fourth week of development, the neural plate invaginates along the embryonic midline to form the neural groove. The neural tube is formed as closure of the neural groove proceeds from the middle of the groove and progresses toward the ends in both directions, with completion between day 24 for the cranial end and day 26 for the caudal end (fig. 4). Disruptions of the normal closure process give rise to NTDs. Anencephaly results from failure of neural tube closure at the cranial end of the developing embryo. Absence of the brain and calvaria may be partial or complete.

47. A Site For Anencephaly And Anencephalic Angels -- The Ten Perfect Fingers Web Si Links to other sites on anencephaly. Click here for other books on anencephalyand anencephalic organ donors. The anencephaly Support Foundation (Nonprofit). http://home.earthlink.net/~mbwinner/tpf_home.html

Welcome to the Ten Perfect Fingers Website! Click here for a copy of Ten Perfect Fingers Click here to read Brenda's farewell letter to her anencephalic daughter, Jarren Click here for a synopsis of Ten Perfect Fingers Click here for biographical information on Brenda Winner ... Click here to preview Ten Perfect Fingers Click on the bookcover below to preview Ten Perfect Fingers Links to other sites on anencephaly Click here for other books on anencephaly and anencephalic organ donors Info on the March of Dimes' Folic Acid Campaign to reduce the risk of Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) The Anencephaly Support Foundation (Non-profit) The Loma Linda University Medical Center protocol for using anencephalic newborns as organ donors ... Report of the Canadian Pediatric Society on Transplantation of Organs from Newborns with Anencephaly

48. A Site For Anencephaly And Anencephalic Angels -- The Ten Perfect Fingers Web Si anencephaly But for the parents of these doomed babies, it is much more thanjust a medical term. anencephaly is a shocking, 100% fatal reality. http://home.earthlink.net/~mbwinner/tpf.html

"Anencephaly" It's one of those sterile, detached words doctors use to lend distance to nature's more gruesome unpleasantries – unpleasantries like a fetus whose neural tube fails to grow into a brain. But for the parents of these doomed babies, it is much more than just a medical term. Anencephaly is a shocking, 100% fatal reality. It is a reality so shocking that almost everyone's first reaction is not to deal with it at all. Politicians, religious leaders, and even doctors have little to offer the parents of brain-absent anencephalics. "Put it all behind you" seems to echo from every corner. Forget those who might be spared your agony. Forget that two babies must die when one might live. Remain silent. You can try for another baby. Why fight the system for the chance to save the life of someone else's baby? Meet Mike and Brenda Winner. In the fifth month of her first pregnancy, Brenda discovered that she was carrying an anencephalic infant after having a routine ultrasound examination. For weeks she desperately searched for someone who would accept the organs of her unborn baby for transplantation after it was born. But because of technicalities in the laws regarding organ donation and the definition of brain death, her efforts almost came up empty. But in her heart she knew she was doing the right thing, and there had to be someone out there in the medical community who agreed with her. Most of all she knew that she could not simply give up, turn her back, and walk away.

49. Short Description Of Cell Lines. Pathology: Anencephaly *206500 Version 4.200205, Short description of cell lines. Pathology anencephaly*206500 OMIM record. By selecting the cell line name, you http://www.biotech.ist.unige.it/cldb/pat322.html

Version Short description of cell lines. Pathology: anencephaly OMIM record By selecting the cell line name , you will receive the detailed description of the cell line By selecting one of the terms between parentheses, you will receive the list of all relevant cell lines You can search any term of the list by using the 'Find' utility of your browser human, Caucasian fibroblast GGB F-P96 ... By Beatrice...

50. Anencephaly anencephaly. What is anencephaly? Reflex actions such as respiration (breathing) andresponses to sound or touch may occur. The cause of anencephaly is unknown. http://www.clevelandclinic.org/health/health-info/docs/1200/1241.asp?index=6031

51. Anencephaly anencephaly anencephaly—Birth defect characterized by failure of the brain andskull to form properly. Parts of the brain and the skull may be missing. http://www.babyzone.com/drnathan/A/anencephaly.html

[drnathan/drnathanad_tag_header.htm] [left_logo.htm] Anencephaly folic acid before conception and throughout pregnancy. [drnathan/sitedex.htm] [drnathan/right.htm]

52. Medem: Medical Library: Anencephaly Information Page Medical Library. Printerfriendly format. anencephaly Information Page. Whatis anencephaly? anencephaly occur. The cause of anencephaly is unknown. http://www.medem.com/MedLB/article_detaillb.cfm?article_ID=ZZZ1HMYTUHC&sub_cat=3

53. Medem: Medical Library: Anencephaly Information Page - For Printer Medical Library. Done with printing. anencephaly Information Page. Whatis anencephaly? anencephaly occur. The cause of anencephaly is unknown. http://www.medem.com/MedLB/article_detaillb_for_printer.cfm?article_ID=ZZZ1HMYTU

54. NoodleLinks: Anencephaly Topic anencephaly Submitted by nikhil Rao on May 28th, 2001 Infantswith anencephaly as Organ Sources Ethical Considerations. http://www.noodletools.com/noodlelinks/links/othlrzo7_20440.html

Topic: anencephaly Submitted by nikhil Rao on May 28th, 2001 Works Cited American Association of Pediatrics. Infants with Anencephaly as Organ Sources: Ethical Considerations Anencephaly Support Foundation. Medical and Causation Information . 19 May 2001 ANENCEPHALIC INFANT DONOR PROTOCOL . 22 May 2001 Merck Research Labritories. The Merck Manual of Medical Information . N.p.: Gary Zelko, 1997. 1235, Singer, Peter. Writings on an Ethical Life . New York: HarperCollins Inc, 2000. Transplantation of organs from newborns with anencephaly . 23 May 2001

55. Cherished Babies. . .What Is Anencephaly? The most complete resource for parents and families looking for informationabout anencephaly. Both anencephaly and spina bifida can occur together. http://www.cherishedbabies.com/anencephaly.html

56. Anencephaly - Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Neurological Disorders. anencephaly What is anencephaly? anencephaly What causesanencephaly? anencephaly is a type of neural tube defect. Neural http://www.lpch.org/DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/neuro/anenceph.html

Electroencephalography (EEG) Laboratory Motion and Gait Analysis Laboratory Movement Disorders Neurology ... Neurological Disorders Neurological Disorders Anencephaly What is anencephaly? Anencephaly is a condition present at birth that affects the formation of the brain and the skull bones that surround the head. Anencephaly results in only minimal development of the brain. Often, the brain lacks part or all of the cerebrum (the area of the brain that is responsible for thinking, vision, hearing, touch, and movement). There is no bony covering over the back of the head and there may also be missing bones around the front and sides of the head. What causes anencephaly? Anencephaly is a type of neural tube defect. Neural tube defects, spina bifida (open spine) and anencephaly (open skull) are seen in one to two per 1,000 live births. During pregnancy, the human brain and spine begin as a flat plate of cells, which rolls into a tube, called the neural tube. If all or part of the neural tube fails to close, leaving an opening, this is known as an open neural tube defect, or ONTD. This opening may be left exposed (80 percent of the time), or covered with bone or skin (20 percent of the time). Anencephaly and spina bifida are the most common ONTDs, while encephaloceles (where there is a protrusion of the brain or its coverings through the skull) are much rarer. Anencephaly occurs when the neural tube fails to close at the base of the skull, while spina bifida occurs when the neural tube fails to close somewhere along the spine.

57. ESynopsis Of Anencephaly Of The Brain eSynopsis of anencephaly of Brain From the Electonic Synopsis of Pathology, theUniversity of Connecticut School of Medicine, Department of Pathology. http://esynopsis.uchc.edu/S437.htm

58. Anencephaly Of The Brain anencephaly of the Brain From the Virtual Pathology Museum, Department of Pathology,University of Connecticut Health Center. anencephaly, Brain. anencephaly. http://155.37.5.42/Code/1558.htm

Anencephaly, Brain Anencephaly •Looking at the back of an anencephalic head showing the cerebral vasculosa, a mixture of blood vessel, glial tissue, rudimentary leptomeninges etc which takes the place of the cerebral hemispheres. •A rudimentary brainstem and part of a cerebellum may be present. Image Contrib. by: Hartford Hospital Description by: Margaret Grunnet, M.D. ( 442-6170) More Information

59. Anencephaly anencephaly is a neural tube defect that occurs when the cephalic (head) end ofthe neural tube fails to close, usually between the 23 rd and 26 th days of http://thecpnetwork.netfirms.com/anencephaly.html

This site is hosted by Netfirms Web Hosting *~Anecephaly~* Directory: Cephalic Disorders Home Anecephaly Cebocephaly ... Research ANENCEPHALY is a neural tube defect that occurs when the cephalic (head) end of the neural tube fails to close, usually between the 23 rd and 26 th Infants born with anencephaly are usually blind, deaf, unconscious, and unable to feel pain. Although some individuals with anencephaly may be born with a rudimentary brainstem, the lack of a functioning cerebrum permanently rules out the possibility of ever gaining consciousness. Reflex actions such as respiration (breathing) and responses to sound or touch may occur. The disorder is one of the most common disorders of the fetal central nervous system. Approximately 1,000 to 2,000 American babies are born with anencephaly each year. The disorder affects females more often than males. There is no cure or standard treatment for anencephaly and the prognosis for affected individuals is poor. Most infants do not survive infancy. If the infant is not stillborn, then he or she will usually die within a few hours or days after birth. Anencephaly can often be diagnosed before birth through an ultrasound examination. Recent studies have shown that the addition of folic acid to the diet of women of child-bearing age may significantly reduce the incidence of neural tube defects. Therefore it is recommended that all women of child-bearing age consume 0.4 mg of folic acid daily.

60. OBGYN.net - Ultrasound Section Featured Article: Exencephaly-Anencephaly Sequenc Exencephaly – anencephaly Sequence and its Sonographic Features by Martin NecasRDMS, RVT, Terry DuBose, MS, RDMS and Vicki Taylor, LM, CPM June 2000. http://www.obgyn.net/us/cotm/0006/Exencephaly-Anencephaly.htm

FEATURED ARTICLE OF THE MONTH Exencephaly – Anencephaly Sequence and its Sonographic Features by Martin Necas RDMS, RVT Terry DuBose, MS, RDMS and Vicki Taylor , LM, CPM June 2000 Citation: NecasM, DuBoseT, TaylorV: "Exencephaly -Anencephaly Sequence and its Sonographic Features". June 2000; http://www.obgyn.net/us/cotm/0006/exencephaly-anencephaly.htm Introduction Anencephaly represents the most common neural tube defect. It’s incidence is approximately 1:1000 with female predominance (4:1) and geographical variability. , as well as observations on ultrasonography combined with amniotic fluid cytology. Ultrasound Findings Reliable sonographic diagnosis of anencephaly is usually possible in early second trimester (10-14wks GA) . Conventional 2D ultrasound is accurate in diagnosing anencephaly and the sensitivity is virtually 100% after 14wks GA . 3D sonography has been shown to be equally effective in detecting anencephaly. On ultrasound, the cranial vault (bony calvarium) is symmetrically absent. Rudimentary brain tissue (area cerebrovasculosa) is covered by a membrane, but not bone (Figure 1,2). This be seen protruding from the base of the skull in the early second trimester, and gradually degenerates until the appearance of the head is completely flattened behind the facial structures. Facial views reveal frog-like appearance with prominent bulging eyeballs (Figure 3,4). Associated polyhydramnios usually develops in the second trimester and is likely due to absent or ineffective fetal swallowing (Figure 3). High degree of fetal activity is often observed.

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