61. Anencephaly Birth defects are the leading cause of infant mortality in the UnitedStates, accounting for more than 20% of all infant deaths. http://corpwell.net/medical/info/anencephaly.htm

World Wide Web Medical Resources Find a Book Find a Doctor Find an Answer Find a Treatment Search Diseases Ask Questions Resources Health Discussions Drug Recall Alerts Find an Answer ... Ask the Doctor Ask the Doctor Questions are answered live by doctors Birth defects are the leading cause of infant mortality in the United States, accounting for more than 20% of all infant deaths. Of about 120,000 U.S. babies born each year with a birth defect, 8,000 die during their first year of life. In addition, birth defects are the fifth-leading cause of years of potential life lost and contribute substantially to childhood morbidity and long-term disability. Because the causes of about 70% of all birth defects are unknown, the public continues to be anxious about whether environmental pollutants cause birth defects, developmental disabilities, or other adverse reproductive outcomes. The public also has many questions about whether various occupational hazards, dietary factors, medications, and personal behaviors cause or contribute to birth defects. More get the book Live Help Contact Support Renew Membership Signup for a new account C©1999-2003 Site secured by

62. Anencephaly anencephaly up. Related topics broader, Neural Tube Defects. NINDS anencephaly information page, This Web resource on anencephaly http://omni.ac.uk/browse/mesh/detail/C0002902L0002902.html

Anencephaly [up] Related topics: broader Neural Tube Defects other Arnold-Chiari Malformation Spinal Dysraphism NINDS : anencephaly information page This Web resource on anencephaly (a neural tube defect) is produced by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). A description of anencephaly is provided, and available treatments, prognosis, and current research activities are all discussed. Links to related organisations are provided. This resource has a US focus. Anencephaly Infant, Newborn, Diseases Patient Education Handout [Publication Type] Spina Bifida Association of America : folic acid information A short document about prevention of spina bifida and anencephaly, aimed at women. Basic information about spina bifida and anencephaly is given and the US Public Health Service recommendations on folic acid stated. The document also explains what folic acid is and where in the diet it occurs. This information is published by the Spina Bifida Association of America (SBAA). Anencephaly Folic Acid Patient Education Handout [Publication Type] Spinal Dysraphism Last modified 28/Mar/2003 [Low Graphics]

63. Anencephaly anencephaly. Definition anencephalia; congenital defective development basalganglia. partial anencephaly. Radiographic Appearance Usually http://www.xray2000.f9.co.uk/radpath/a/anencephaly.htm

Anencephaly Definition anencephalia; congenital defective development of the brain, with absence of the bones of the cranial vault, the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres, a rudimentary brainstem, and traces of basal ganglia. partial anencephaly Radiographic Appearance Usually first identified on ultrasound as a failure to visualise the cranial structures either completely or incompletely. Pathology EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence: 1/1000 live births Age of onset: newborn Risk factors: geographic variable with incidence increased in Ireland and Wales and decreased in Asia, Africa, and South America PATHOGENESIS: 1. Background anencephaly arises from an embryonic defect occurring prior to day 26 which prevents the closure of the anterior neuropore - the frequency of anencephaly has decreased during past 2 decades - CNS findings: both cerebral hemispheres and thus the spinal cord pyramidal tracts are absent absence of the cerebellum residue of the brainstem usually present hypoplastic pituitary gland the rudimentary brain remaining consists of portions of con-nective tissue, vessels, and neuroglia

64. © The Centre For Genetics Education Fact Sheet 25, Last Updated May 2002. NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS SPINA BIFIDA anencephaly.Produced by the Centre for Genetics Education. WHAT IS anencephaly? http://www.genetics.com.au/Genetics2003/FactSheets/25.asp

GENETIC FACT SHEETS Fact Sheet 25 Last Updated: May 2002 Produced by the Centre for Genetics Education. Fax: (02) 9906 7529 Email: genetics@med.usyd.edu.au Internet: www.genetics.com.au Adobe Acrobat PDF Printable Version (10 KB) WHAT ARE NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS? The neural tube is the embryonic structure which develops into the brain and spinal cord. Very early in a baby's development, a layer of cells folds over and "zips up" to form the neural tube. If the neural tube fails to "zip up" completely at some point, the baby will be affected with an abnormality called a neural tube defect. Spina bifida and anencephaly are the most common neural tube defects. WHAT IS ANENCEPHALY? When the neural tube fails to close at the head, the brain and the skull bones do not develop normally. This condition is called anencephaly. Infants born with this problem die at, or soon after, birth. WHAT IS SPINA BIFIDA? If the neural tube fails to close on the baby's back (at the bottom end usually), the bones of the spine will not completely fuse. As a result, the spinal cord and the protective sac that surrounds the cord may protrude through the open part of the spine.

65. NINDS Anencephaly Information Page anencephaly information sheet compiled by the National Institute of NeurologicalDisorders and Stroke (NINDS). More about NINDS anencephaly Information Page. http://accessible.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorders/anencephaly_doc.htm

Disorders - National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Skip menus Main sections of the NINDS web site Home About NINDS Disorders-you are in this section ... Find People Disorders section pages and search Image Description Science For the Brain The nation's leading supporter of biomedical research on disorders of the brain and nervous system. Select Topic Disorder Quick Links Alzheimer's Autism Cerebral Palsy Chronic Pain Epilepsy Headache Multiple Sclerosis Parkinson's Stroke Traumatic Brain Injury More about NINDS Anencephaly Information Page Studies with patients Research literature Press release NINDS Search (search help) Contact us My privacy NINDS is part of the National Institutes of Health Contact us Content for this page NINDS Anencephaly Information Page Reviewed 07-01-2001 Get Web page suited for printing Email this to a friend or colleague Table of Contents (click to jump to sections) What is Anencephaly? Is there any treatment? What is the prognosis? What research is being done? ... Organizations What is Anencephaly? Is there any treatment?

66. Neurological Disorders - Anencephaly For a doctor who specializes in this topic, click here. anencephaly. What isanencephaly? anencephaly results in only minimal development of the brain. http://www.chkd.org/Neurology/anenceph.asp

More Health Information Adolescent Medicine Allergy/Immunology Anesthesiology Arthritis Burns Cardiology Craniofacial Dental Medicine Dermatology Developmental Peds Diabetes Digestive Ear, Nose, Throat Genetics Gastroenterology Growth Hematology High Risk Newborn High Risk Pregnancy Infectious Disease Mental Health Neonatology Nephrology Neurology Normal Newborn Normal Pregnancy Oncology Ophthalmalogy Orthopaedics Otolaryngology Pediatric Intensive Care Pediatric Surgery Pediatrics Physical Medicine Plastic Surgery Respiratory/Pulmonology Rheumatology Safety Surgery Terminal Transplant Urology Site Search For a doctor who specializes in this topic, click here. Anencephaly What is anencephaly? Anencephaly is a condition present at birth that affects the formation of the brain and the skull bones that surround the head. Anencephaly results in only minimal development of the brain. Often, the brain lacks part or all of the cerebrum (the area of the brain that is responsible for thinking, vision, hearing, touch, and movement). There is no bony covering over the back of the head and there may also be missing bones around the front and sides of the head. What causes anencephaly?

67. 1Up Health > Anencephaly > Causes, Incidence, And Risk Factors Of Anencephaly (A anencephaly . Read detailed information about anencephaly . Includesa set of questions and answers related to anencephaly , as http://www.1uphealth.com/medical/disease/brain-neurological-disease/anencephaly.

1Up Health Anencephaly Alternative Medicine Clinical Trials ... Health Topics A-Z Search 1Up Health Anencephaly Information Anencephaly Causes, Incidence, and Risk Factors Alternative names : Aprosencephaly with open cranium Definition : The absence of both the skull and cerebral portions of the brain. Causes, Incidence, and Risk Factors Anencephaly is a "neural tube defect" (a defect occurring early in fetal development that damages the primitive tissue which will become the brain and spinal cord). When the upper portion of the neural tube fails to close, anencephaly results, however, the specific cause is unknown. Findings suggest that it may be related to environmental toxins ; however, no absolute connections have been made. Also, low plasma levels of folic acid have been implicated in contributing to neural tube defects. The incidence may reach 3.6 to 4.6 out of 10,000 births. The exact incidence is unknown, as most of these infants probably spontaneously abort. Risk factors include having a previous pregnancy with anencephaly. Nutrition is thought to play an important part in the development of neural tube defects of which anencephaly is only one. The specific nutrition risk factor is thought to be low serum levels of folic acid.

68. 1Up Health > Anencephaly > Causes, Incidence, And Risk Factors Of Anencephaly (A Comprehesive information on anencephaly (Aprosencephaly with open cranium). anencephalyCauses, Incidence, and Risk Factors. Alternative names http://www.1uphealth.com/health/anencephaly_info.html

1Up Health Anencephaly Alternative Medicine Clinical Trials ... Health Topics A-Z Search 1Up Health Anencephaly Information Anencephaly Causes, Incidence, and Risk Factors Alternative names : Aprosencephaly with open cranium Definition : The absence of both the skull and cerebral portions of the brain. Causes, Incidence, and Risk Factors Anencephaly is a "neural tube defect" (a defect occurring early in fetal development that damages the primitive tissue which will become the brain and spinal cord). When the upper portion of the neural tube fails to close, anencephaly results, however, the specific cause is unknown. Findings suggest that it may be related to environmental toxins ; however, no absolute connections have been made. Also, low plasma levels of folic acid have been implicated in contributing to neural tube defects. The incidence may reach 3.6 to 4.6 out of 10,000 births. The exact incidence is unknown, as most of these infants probably spontaneously abort. Risk factors include having a previous pregnancy with anencephaly. Nutrition is thought to play an important part in the development of neural tube defects of which anencephaly is only one. The specific nutrition risk factor is thought to be low serum levels of folic acid.

69. ClinicalTrials.gov - Linking Patients To Medical Research Search Query Details. No studies were found for anencephaly ALLFIELDS. ModifyYour Search. Neural Tube Defects. Individual Terms, Count. anencephaly , None. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/search/term=Anencephaly

70. A To Z Encyclopedia Topic: Anencephaly Prenatal Consultation Program. anencephaly. What is anencephaly? anencephaly head.anencephaly results in only minimal development of the brain. http://web1.tch.harvard.edu/cfapps/A2ZtopicDisplay.cfm?Topic=Anencephaly

71. Anencephaly anencephaly. Definition When the upper portion of the neural tube fails toclose, anencephaly results, however, the specific cause is unknown. http://www.pennhealth.com/ency/article/001580.htm

Disease Injury Nutrition Poison ... Prevention Anencephaly Definition: The absence of both the skull and cerebral portions of the brain. Alternative Names: Aprosencephaly with open cranium Causes, incidence, and risk factors: Anencephaly is a "neural tube defect" (a defect occurring early in fetal development that damages the primitive tissue which will become the brain and spinal cord). When the upper portion of the neural tube fails to close, anencephaly results, however, the specific cause is unknown. Findings suggest that it may be related to environmental toxins ; however, no absolute connections have been made. Also, low plasma levels of folic acid have been implicated in contributing to neural tube defects. The incidence may reach 3.6 to 4.6 out of 10,000 births. The exact incidence is unknown, as most of these infants probably spontaneously abort. Risk factors include having a previous pregnancy with anencephaly. Nutrition is thought to play an important part in the development of neural tube defects of which anencephaly is only one. The specific nutrition risk factor is thought to be low serum levels of folic acid. Review Date: 12/10/2001 Reviewed By: Jonathan Fanaroff, M.D., Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

72. Dysraphism Cephalocele. anencephaly. Cranial Bifidum. Encephalocele. Encephalocele Herniationof brain through skull defect. anencephaly ( Absence of the head ) http://www.fpnotebook.com/NIC59.htm

Home About Links Index ... Editor's Choice Paid Advertisement (click above). Please see the privacy statement Neonatology Neurology Birth ... Subgaleal Hematoma Assorted Pages Dysraphism Cranial Dysraphism Spinal Dysraphism Myelomeningocele ... Newborn Reflexes Dysraphism Neural Tube Defect Meningocele Book Home Page Cardiovascular Medicine Dental Dermatology Emergency Medicine Endocrinology Gastroenterology General Medicine Geriatric Medicine Gynecology Hematology and Oncology HIV Infectious Disease Jokes Laboratory Neonatology Nephrology Neurology Obstetrics Ophthalmology Orthopedics Otolaryngology Pediatrics Pharmacology Prevention Psychiatry Pulmonology Radiology Rheumatology Sports Medicine Surgery Urology Chapter Neonatology Index Birth Dermatology Otolaryngology Examination Ophthalmology Fluids, Electrolytes, and Nutrition Gastroenterology Hematology and Oncology Infectious Disease Laboratory General Pulmonology Neurology Orthopedics Pharmacology Premature Surgery Page Neurology Index Birth Caput Succedaneum Birth Caput Vacuum Birth Cephalhematoma Birth Skull Fracture Birth Skull Fracture Leptomeningeal Cyst Birth Subgaleal Dysraphism Dysraphism Cranial Dysraphism Spinal Dysraphism Spinal Myelomeningocele Dysraphism Spinal Spina Bifida Occulta Floppy Infant Palsy Brachial Palsy Brachial Duchenne-Erb Paralysis Palsy Brachial Klumpke Palsy Facial Palsy Laryngeal Palsy Phrenic Skull Craniosynostosis Definitions Dysraphism Incomplete raphe closure allows neural herniation Meningocele Meningocele in both cranial and Spinal Dysraphism Meninges and spinal fluid herniate via defect

73. Neurological Disorders - Anencephaly Print Version. Neurological Disorders anencephaly. What is anencephaly? Whatcauses anencephaly? anencephaly is a type of neural tube defect. http://www.musckids.com/health_library/neuro/anenceph.htm

Home About Us Departments MUSC eNurse ... Your Hospital Visit 171 Ashley Ave. Charleston, SC 29425 800-424-MUSC Print Version Neurological Disorders Anencephaly What is anencephaly? Anencephaly is a condition present at birth that affects the formation of the brain and the skull bones that surround the head. Anencephaly results in only minimal development of the brain. Often, the brain lacks part or all of the cerebrum (the area of the brain that is responsible for thinking, vision, hearing, touch, and movement). There is no bony covering over the back of the head and there may also be missing bones around the front and sides of the head. What causes anencephaly? Anencephaly is a type of neural tube defect. Neural tube defects, spina bifida (open spine) and anencephaly (open skull) are seen in one per 1,000 live births. During pregnancy, the human brain and spine begin as a flat plate of cells, which rolls into a tube, called the neural tube. If all or part of the neural tube fails to close, leaving an opening, this is known as an open neural tube defect, or ONTD. This opening may be left exposed (80 percent of the time), or covered with bone or skin (20 percent of the time). Anencephaly and spina bifida are the most common ONTDs, while encephaloceles (where there is a protrusion of the brain or its coverings through the skull) are much rarer. Anencephaly occurs when the neural tube fails to close at the base of the skull, while spina bifida occurs when the neural tube fails to close somewhere along the spine.

74. OHSU Doernbecher - Neurological Disorders anencephaly, RELATED SERVICES. ·, Neonatal Medicine. ·, Neurology. What is anencephaly?anencephaly is a condition http://www.ohsuhealth.com/dch/health/neuro/congen_anen.asp

Neurological Disorders Home Overview of Nervous System Disorders Anatomy of the Brain Diagnostic Tests ... Congenital and Hereditary Disorders Anencephaly Cerebral Palsy Chiari Malformation Craniosynostosis Hydrocephalus ... Online Resources You have selected the following Health topic: - Adolescent Medicine - Burns - Cardiovascular Disorders - Care of the Terminally Ill Child - Children Having Surgery - Common Childhood Injuries and Poisoning - Craniofacial Anomalies - Dermatology - Diabetes - Eye Care - Genetics - Growth and Development - High-Risk Newborn - High-Risk Pregnancy - Immunizations - Infectious Diseases - Mental Health - Neurological Disorders - Normal Newborn - Oncology - Orthopaedics - The Pediatrician - Pregnancy and Childbirth - Respiratory Disorders - Transplantations - Well-Care Visits Anencephaly RELATED SERVICES Neonatal Medicine Neurology What is anencephaly? Anencephaly is a condition present at birth that affects the formation of the brain and the skull bones that surround the head. Anencephaly results in only minimal development of the brain. Often, the brain lacks part or all of the cerebrum (the area of the brain that is responsible for thinking, vision, hearing, touch, and movement). There is no bony covering over the back of the head and there may also be missing bones around the front and sides of the head. What causes anencephaly?

75. Anencephaly Information Page Diseases Database anencephaly Information Page. anencephaly Goanencephaly specific sites. GoSendanencephaly to medical search engines (JavaScript enabled browsers only). http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/sieve/item1.asp?glngUserChoice=705

76. Gross Specimens - Anencephaly anencephaly. anencephaly is characterized by the absence of scalp, calvarium,and normal brain, which is replaced by an angiomatous mass. http://almashriq.hiof.no/ddc/projects/health/specimens/gross-specimens/fetuses/a

Previous Index Next Anencephaly "Anencephaly is characterized by the absence of scalp, calvarium, and normal brain, which is replaced by an angiomatous mass. The typical appearance of the face (batracian phenotype) is due to absent frontal bones and shallow orbits causing protrusion of the eyeballs." Potter's Pathology of the Fetus and Infant Edited by Enid Gilbert-Barnes Mosby 1996 from the Gross Specimens collection, courtesy of AUBMC, Department of Pathology Created by the Digital Documentation Center at AUB in collaboration with Al Mashriq of , Norway. 970813/bl - Email: ddc-info@aub.edu.lb

77. Anencephaly Articles, Support Groups, And Resources anencephaly articles, support groups, and resources for patients from MedHelp International (www.medhelp.org). Health anencephaly. Medical http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/Anencephaly.html

[Health Topics A-Z] A B C D ... Z Anencephaly Medical Glossary: ANENCEPHALY Support Groups: Anencephaly Support Foundation [Med Help Home] [Library Search] [Medical Forums] ... [Patient Network] Revised: 3/30/2003

78. ANENCEPHALY anencephaly A congenital absence of the brain and cranial vault, with thecerebral hemispheres completely missing or greatly reduced in size. http://www.medhelp.org/glossary2/new/GLS_0322.HTM

ANENCEPHALY - A congenital absence of the brain and cranial vault, with the cerebral hemispheres completely missing or greatly reduced in size. Med Help Home Search Ask the Doctor Patient Network The medical glossary has been made possible by a generous donation from:

79. Neural Tube Defects Tips for printing. Neural Tube Defects anencephaly - NTD - Spina Bifida http://ibis-birthdefects.org/start/ntdfact.htm

Tips for printing Neural Tube Defects - Anencephaly - NTD - Spina Bifida About I.B.I.S. Home Search Topics Search all contents ... "In the News" Messages... Questions/comments Report Dead Links S.O.S. - Exchange Join I.B.I.S. ... Etchings Anencephaly Encephalocele Folic Acid or FA Hydrocephalus - Arnold Chiari - Allied Disorders Meningocele - Meningomyelocele - Meningoencephalocele Meckel or Meckel Gruber or Dysencephalia splachnocystica Neural Tube Defects NTD Spina Bifida Special Resources Neural Tube Defects - Spina Bifida A Selection of Internet Sites [*] Outstanding [P] For Professionals [S] Support Group [Spanish] [Ukrainian] [*][P] Folic Acid for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects Policy Statement - American Academy of Pediatrics (1993). "NTDs are among the most common birth defects that result in infant mortality and serious disability ..." Knowledge and Use of Folic Acid by Women of Childbearing Age JAMA Women's Health and MMWR report. Results of the 1998 March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation sponsored Gallup Organization survey of 2115 women. Folic Acid National Campaign - CDC, March of Dimes ... National Campaign on Folic Acid - Gate Page Folic Acid for Healthy Babies Prevention Model and Resource Guide NTD - Frequently asked Questions " ... how can women get folic acid? ... "

80. Anencephaly. The American Heritage® Dictionary Of The English Language: Fourth anencephaly. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language FourthEdition. 2000. 2000. anencephaly. SYLLABICATION an·en·ceph·a·ly. http://www.bartleby.com/61/57/A0295700.html

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