61. Echo In Context, 2002 aortic valve disease New Dimensions February 22, 2003 CME Information Registration. AorticValve Disease New Dimensions in Evaluation and Management. http://www.echoincontext.com/2003tele/outline.asp

Echo in Context Teleconferences: ECHO IN CONTEXT 2003: Presenters Details Faculty Supplements ... HOME ECHO IN CONTEXT Aortic Valve Disease: New Dimensions February 22, 2003 Workbook CME Information ECHO GRAND ROUNDS Digital Integration LEARN THE BASICS Echocardiography Doppler Echo VIDEO ARCHIVES Chest Pain in Children and Adults Mitral Regurgitation: New Concepts Diastolic and Systolic Function Changing the Outcome of CAD BROADCAST SUPPLEMENTS 2000 MV 2001 Chest Pain 2002 Heart Failure Background ... Faculty Program Outline Aortic Valve Disease: New Dimensions in Evaluation and Management PART I. BACKGROUND, DIAGNOSIS AND ANATOMIC EVALUATION Case 1: Aortic valve disease Overview: Anatomy for imaging: 2D echo, 3D echo and MR Lecture: Aortic valve disease in the adult: Stenosis, sclerosis and atherosclerosis Lecture: Aortic valve disease in the young: Congenital lesions Video: Endocarditis and the aortic valve Lecture: TEE of the aortic valve Panel: Characteristics of aortic prostheses Lecture: Options for aortic valve replacement PART II. FUNCTIONAL EVALUATION

62. Aortic Valve Repair June 14, 2000 aortic valve disease due to rheumatic valve disease is not usuallyrepairable but it would depend on the degree of damage and the surgeon. http://www.medhelp.org/forums/cardio/messages/32187a.html

Advertisement Heart Forum Sponsor Developed with The American Heart Association, Med Help and Nexcura encourage you to log on to the FREE Heart Profiler and take advantage of this helpful tool. Med Help International A not-for-profit organization Questions in The Heart Forum are being answered by doctors from The Cleveland Clinic Heart Center , consistently ranked the #1 Heart Center in America. Subject: Aortic valve repair Topic Area: Heart Disease Forum: The Heart Forum Question Posted By: Vince Kelley on Wednesday, June 14, 2000 Hi, I am a 43 year old male with a leaky aortic valve resulting from rheumatic fever when I was 14 years old. My leakage is rated at 3+. Three years ago I was a 1+. At this point my heart is not enlarged but there is a slight thickening of the heart muscle around my aortic valve. About every 6 months for the last 1.5 years I have gone through a week-long episode of on again / off again arrhythmia. I notice a general weakness and slight shortness of breath at this time while climbing stairs. Other than this I am pretty much asymptomatic and until now have had no limitations on exercising. I have been running for 10 years and was in the middle of training for my first marathon when I had the last arrhythmia episode this last March. That was when I got checked and during a stress echocardiogram in early May found that my leakage had gotten worse. My cardiologist says that I will need a valve replacement sometime in the next 10 years depending how the valve degeneration progresses.

63. Aortic Valve Clinics Aortic Diseases and aortic valve disease a. Aortic stenosis, insufficiency b. Aorticaneurysms thoracic and thoracoabdominal c. Aortic dissection d. Marfan's http://www.um-cardiac-surgery.org/03a_clinics.htm

64. Aetna: Ross Pulmonary Autograft For Aortic Valve Replacement the Ross pulmonary autograft procedure for patients undergoing aortic valve replacementsecondary to either congenital anomalies or aortic valve disease. http://www.aetna.com/cpb/data/CPBA0407.html

Home Coverage Policy Bulletins Medical Coverage Policy Bulletins Number: 0407 Subject: Ross Pulmonary Autograft for Aortic Valve Replacement Important Note http://cms.hhs.gov/manuals/pub06pdf/pub06pdf.asp Policy Aetna covers the Ross pulmonary autograft procedure for patients undergoing aortic valve replacement secondary to either congenital anomalies or aortic valve disease. Some indications for aortic valve replacement are: Aortic stenosis Aortic incompetence (including endocarditis, rheumatism of the heart) Congenital lesions Complex left ventricular outflow tract obstruction Note: Coverage of this procedure may be subject to precertification review in plans that have such provisions. Aetna does not cover the Ross operation in patients with ANY of the following conditions: Multi-vessel coronary artery disease; or Multiple pathology in which a second valve replacement device is needed; or Severely depressed left ventricular function; or Marfan’s syndrome; or Extremes of age The peer reviewed medical literature does not support the use of this procedure in these situations. Background Place of Service: Inpatient The above policy is based on the following references: Ross D, et al. The pulmonary autograft - a permanent aortic valve. Eur J Cardio-Thorac Surg. 1992;6:113-117.

65. Learning Ctr: Ross Procedure aortic valve disease can develop at any time in the course of life. Regardless ofthe age or cause, aortic valve disease is both serious and life limiting. http://www.hsforum.com/stories/storyReader$1469

Official Publication of the International Society for Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery HSF Topics... Aortic Aneurysms Beating Hrt Surg Flowtometry CABG Cardiac Ablation Congenital Surg Editorials General Card Surg Heart Failure Homo-/Autografts Interven Cardiology On-Pump Bypass Outcomes Robotic Surg Sealants/Hemostats Thoracic Surg Valve Repair Vein Harvesting Ventricular Assist Learning Center Home Journal Select Issue... Vol 6 / Issue 1 Vol 5 / Issue 4 Vol 5 / Issue 3 Vol 5 / Supp 4 Vol 5 / Supp 3 Vol 5 / Supp 2 Vol 5 / Issue 2 Vol 5 / Supp 1 Vol 5 / Issue 1 Vol 4 / Issue 4 Vol 4 / Issue 3 Vol 4 / Issue 2 Vol 4 / Issue 1 Vol 4 / Supp 1 Vol 3 / Issue 4 Vol 3 / Issue 3 Vol 3 / Issue 2 Vol 3 / Issue 1 Vol 2 / Issue 4 Vol 2 / Issue 3 Vol 2 / Issue 2 Vol 2 / Issue 1 Vol 1 / Issue 2 Vol 1 / Issue 1 Subscribe Search Discussion Forums Read Discussions Join Multimedia Meeting Highlights Lecture Presentations Surgical Video Library Private Lecture Series Resources Heart News Medline Learning Center New Tech Center ... Site Map Sponsors More Sponsors Site News Sign up for our newsletter: The Ross Procedure Mr. Donald N. Ross, D.Sc., F.R.C.S.; Consultant Surgeon, National Heart Hospital, London, England

66. Valve Disease - Texas Heart Institute Heart Information Center A look at both stenosis and regurgitation of mitral valves, aortic valves, tricuspid valves and pulmonary valves. For each one causes, symptoms and signs are looked at. http://www.tmc.edu/thi/valvedis.html

//var DOCUMENTGROUP=''; //var DOCUMENTNAME=''; //var ACTION=''; Heart Information Center Valve Disease Every time your heart beats, blood flows into, through, and out of your heart. In fact, your heart moves about 100 gallons (379 liters) of blood through your body every hour. Blood is pumped through your heart in only one direction. Heart valves play key roles in this one-way blood flow, opening and closing with each heartbeat. Pressure changes behind and in front of the valves allow them to open their flap-like "doors" (called cusps or leaflets) at just the right time, then close them tightly to prevent a backflow of blood. There are 4 valves in the heart: Tricuspid valve Pulmonary valve Mitral valve Aortic valve Blood without oxygen returns from the body and flows into the heart's upper-right chamber (the right atrium). From there, it is forced through the tricuspid valve into the lower-right chamber (the right ventricle). The right ventricle pumps the blood through the pulmonary valve and into the lungs. While in the lungs, the blood picks up oxygen. As the right ventricle is preparing to push blood through the pulmonary valve, the tricuspid valve closes to stop blood from flowing back into the right atrium.

67. Mitral Valve Disease When the heart relaxes, the aortic valve snaps shut, preventing blood from flowingback But when the mitral valve disease is present, the valve no longer opens http://www.wiheart.cardiologydomain.com/images/uploaded/WiscHeart/MVD.cfm

Basic Facts A normal mitral valve opens wide to allow blood from the left atrium to flow into the left ventricle and closes tightly as blood is pumped out of the left ventricle. Mitral stenosis is a narrowing or obstruction of the mitral valve that prevents the valve from opening properly, and mitral regurgitation means that the mitral valve does not close fully, allowing blood to flow backwards into the atrium when the left ventricle contracts. In mitral valve prolapse, the most common form of valvular heart disease in the United States, the flaps of the mitral valve may protrude or billow back into the left atrium. The heart is a muscular pump divided into four chambers. Two thin-walled chambers, the left atrium and right atrium, form the upper part of the heart. The other chambers, the left and right ventricles, are the heart’s main blood-pumping chambers and form the bottom part of the heart. The right atrium receives blood as it returns to the heart from the veins from different parts of the body and transports blood to the right ventricle, and the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and transports it to the left ventricle. The right ventricle pumps blood into the lungs to be oxygenated, while the left ventricle pumps blood to the rest of the body to deliver the oxygen. The valves in the heart affect the way that blood flows through the chambers of the heart. There are two valves on the right side of the heart, the tricuspid and pulmonary valves, and two valves on the left side of the heart, the mitral and aortic valves. These valves resemble flaps, and each valve is made up of segments or leaflets. The valves open and close to keep blood flowing through the heart in only one direction.

68. Types Of Valve Disease - Texas Heart Institute Heart Information Center and the growth of fibrous tissue on the aortic valve can distort Other causes includea history of other valve diseases, coronary artery disease, or a http://www.tmc.edu/thi/valvetype.html

//var DOCUMENTGROUP=''; //var DOCUMENTNAME=''; //var ACTION=''; Heart Information Center Types of Valve Disease Diseases of the heart valves are grouped according to which valve or valves are involved and the amount of blood flow that is disrupted by the problem. The most common and serious valve problems happen in the mitral and aortic valves. Diseases of the tricuspid and pulmonary valves are fairly rare. Diseases of the Mitral Valve Mitral Valve Prolapse The mitral valve regulates the flow of blood from the upper-left chamber (the left atrium) to the lower-left chamber (the left ventricle). Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) means that one or both of the valve flaps (called cusps or leaflets) are enlarged, and the flaps' supporting muscles are too long. Instead of closing evenly, one or both of the flaps collapse or bulge into the atrium. MVP is often called click-murmur syndrome because when the valve does not close properly, it makes a clicking sound and then a murmur. What causes MVP?

69. Heart1.com - Complete Source For Cardiac Care Oct. 27, 0, aortic valve Stenosis Sep. 24, 0, MUGA scan Sep.22, 1, Heart valve disease Aug. 15, 0, Heart valve disease Aug. http://www.heart1.com/community/forums20.cfm/11

Search Heart1 Search Network Search Medline Main Page Heart News Feature Story Research Center ... Bookmark Us COMMUNITY: Forums - Heart Valve Disease You are in the Heart Valve Disease forum on Heart1. To participate, choose a discussion thread from the list below. If you don't see what you are looking for, you can: Start your own discussion Choose a new forum category. UPDATED REPLIES DISCUSSIONS Feb. 10 aortic valve regurgitation ... Nov. 25 diet drug and valve damage ... Oct. 27 Aortic Valve Stenosis ... Sep. 24 MUGA scan ...

70. Mid America Heart Institute: Valve Disease by the time symptoms develop with aortic regurgitation, damage to 3. a human valvethat has been frozen or More Information Heart disease Center Health Library. http://www.saint-lukes.org/mahi/html/general/CardiacSpecialties/CardioCare/Valve

SLHS Home About Us For The Media Mid America ... Clinical Browser Search Advanced Search MAHI Home Find A Heart Institute Doctor For Patients ... For Physicians Valve Disease Aortic Stenosis Aortic Regurgitation Mitral Stenosis Mitral Regurgitation ... Valve Surgery The valves in the heart are normally "one-way doors." They allow blood to flow through the heart in one direction and prevent backflow. When a valve has stenosis, it is stiff and does not open fully. This causes the heart to work harder to pump blood. Valve regurgitation or insufficiency means the valve is unable to close. It is no longer a one-way valve. The blood is allowed to flow backwards. Aortic Valve Valve between the left ventricle and the aorta Mitral Valve Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle Tricuspid Valve Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle Pulmonic Valve Valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery AORTIC STENOSIS AORTIC REGURGITATION MITRAL STENOSIS MITRAL REGURGITATION TRICUSPID REGURGITATION Tricuspid regurgitation usually does not occur in the absence of either severe right ventricular failure or the presence of other cardiac valve lesions, such as mitral stenosis or regurgitation. Usually tricuspid regurgitation can be fixed with one of several different repair techniques. The symptoms produced by severe tricuspid regurgitation include fatigue, shortness of breath, fluid retention, ankle edema, and abdominal swelling. Untreated tricuspid regurgitation, if severe, can often times lead to liver damage. At the time of surgery, if other valves are being replaced or repaired and there are symptoms of tricuspid regurgitation, the tricuspid valve should be fixed, as well.

71. Wockhardt Hospital-Know Your Heart-Valve Disease valve disease. Rheumatic. · Mitral valve disease · aortic valvedisease · Multiple valve disease. - Non- Rheumatic. · Mitral valve http://www.whhi.com/valve.htm

Valve Disease - Rheumatic - Non- Rheumatic :: Aortic Stenosis :: Aortic Regurgitation Valvular heart disease describes structural or functional abnormalities of single or multiple cardiac valves that results in alteration in blood flow across the valve. According to the causes it can be classified as: Rheumatic Rheumatic origin: Preceded by rheumatic fever Rheumatic fever Is an inflammatory disease, which occurs as a delayed sequel to pharyngeal infection with Beta hemolytic streptococci (Bacteria). This may lead to rheumatic heart disease if not treated properly on time. Rheumatic endocarditis Primarily affects the valve leading to fibrous thickening of the valve leaflets or even calcification leads to stenosis. Mitral and aortic valve commonly involved. Management: Antibiotics-Penicillin is the drug of choice. Salicylates and corticosteroids are also used. Non-Rheumatic Non-rheumatic origin: Caused by congenital malformations, bacterial endocarditis, syphilis etc.

72. WOCKHARDT HOSPITAL-Know Your Heart- Valve Disease Multiple valve disease more than one valve is Cardiovascular features include mitralvalve prolapse, mitral regurgitation, aortic insufficiency, and http://www.whhi.com/congenital.htm

Congenital Heart Diseases - Cynotic a. Tetrology Of Fallot b. Transposition of Great Arteries c. Uni Ventricular Heart - Acynotic a. Atrial Septal Defect b. Ventricular Septal Defect c. Patient Ductus Arteriosus d. Aortic Valvular Stenosis e. Mitral Valve Stenosis f. Pulmonary Stenosis g. Coarctation of Aorta Congenital Heart Disease is a structural malformation of heart or great vessels present at birth not necessarily detected at birth. Abnormalities in the heart and great vessels at birth maybe due to intrauterine development errors or to the failure of the heart and blood vessels to adapt to the extra uterine life (involution). Possible causes: :: Fetal and maternal infection occurring during first trimester (primarily rubella) :: Effects of drugs (lithium) and alcohol :: Maternal dietary deficiencies :: Genetic factors (trisomies) :: Maternal age greater than 40yrs :: Maternal insulin dependent diabetes :: Frequently associated with other congenital defects TYPES: Acyanotic Heart Disease Acyanotic Congenital heart disease: Bluish discoloration of the skin is usually absent.

73. Valve Disease: Treatment valve repairs for aortic and pulmonic valve disease. When you have aortic or pulmonicvalve disease, heart surgery most often requires replacement of the valve. http://www.clevelandclinic.org/heartcenter/pub/guide/disease/valve/valvetreatmen

Heart Guide Vascular Guide History of Innovations About Us ... Dictionary Treating the Heart, Blood Vessels and Circulation Treatment Options: Valve Surgery and Balloon Valvotomy Over the past few years, there have been great advances in the surgical treatment of diseased heart valves. The diagnostic tests your heart doctor orders help to identify the location, type and extent of your valve disease. The results of these tests, the structure of your heart, your age, and your lifestyle will help your cardiologist, surgeon, and YOU decide what type of procedure will be best for you. Valve Procedures: Heart Surgery Valve repair surgery Valve replacement surgery Movie: Aortic valve replacement ... Balloon Valvotomy Heart Surgery Traditional heart valve surgery During traditional heart valve surgery, a surgeon will make an incision down the center of your sternum (breastbone) to get direct access to your heart. The surgeon then repairs or replaces your abnormal heart valve or valves. Often, the surgeon and cardiologist will use transesophageal echocardiography during the operation to help determine the functioning of the valve before and after surgery. Traditional heart surgery: If you have traditional heart valve surgery, expect to be in the hospital five to seven days

74. Heart Guide - Types Of Disease - Valve Disease Congenital valve disease (bicuspid aortic valve). Acquired Bicuspid aorticvalve is the most common type of congenital valve disease. Instead http://www.clevelandclinic.org/heartcenter/pub/guide/disease/valve_types.asp

Heart Guide Vascular Guide History of Innovations About Us ... Dictionary Treating the Heart, Blood Vessels and Circulation There are many types of valve disease. There are those that are developed before birth (congenital) or those which are acquired. Sometimes the cause of valve disease may be unknown. The most common types of valve disease include: Congenital valve disease (bicuspid aortic valve) Acquired valve disease: myxomatous valve disease ( mitral valve prolapse) degenerative calcification infection (rheumatic valve disease, endocarditis) Other causes of valve disease include : coronary artery disease, heart attacks, cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease) , syphilis, hypertension, aortic aneurysms, connective tissue diseases, and less commonly, tumors, some types of drugs and radiation. Congenital valve disease means your valves are not formed correctly before birth. Valves may be the wrong size, have malformed leaflets, or have leaflets that are not attached to the annulus correctly; this most often affects the aortic or pulmonic valve. Bicuspid aortic valve is the most common type of congenital valve disease. Instead of the normal three leaflets or cusps, the bicuspid aortic valve has only two. Without the third leaflet, the valve may be:

75. ScienceDaily News Release: Heart Valve Disease Increases Risk Of Death, Research For decades, doctors have believed that early signs of aortic heart valvedisease were harmless if the valve was functioning normally. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/07/990719081413.htm

Search Our Archives Keywords: Order by: date relevance More options Get ad-free access with email updates sign up or log in Text size: A A A Welcome Home page About this site Awards, reviews News Summaries Headlines Topics Shop Our stuff Browse books Magazines Software Contribute Register free Post release Edit profile Review hits Advertise Media kit Traffic stats Contact us Previous Story ... Related Stories Next Story Source: Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center Date: Heart Valve Disease Increases Risk Of Death, Research Shows WINSTON-SALEM, N.C. For decades, doctors have believed that early signs of aortic heart valve disease were harmless if the valve was functioning normally. But research by a Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center cardiologist and colleagues at the University of Washington and Mayo Clinic suggests that the condition significantly increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, angina and even death in older adults. The aortic valve could prove to be a "window" to the heart's arteries and checking its health with a stethoscope could be an early way to screen patients for heart vessel disease, suggests an editorial accompanying the research report in this week's New England Journal of Medicine. Aortic sclerosis, the early buildup of calcium deposits that causes the valve to be thicker and more rigid than normal but doesn't significantly affect its function is associated with a 50 percent increase in risk of heart attack and death from heart-related causes, reported the researchers.

76. MEDLINEplus: Heart Valve Diseases aortic valve Stenosis (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research);Dental Care and Heart disease (American Heart Association); http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/heartvalvediseases.html

Skip navigation Other health topics: A B C D ... List of All Topics Heart Valve Diseases Contents of this page: From the NIH General/Overviews Diagnosis/Symptoms Rehabilitation ... Children Search MEDLINE for recent research articles on Heart Valve Diseases You may also be interested in these MEDLINEplus related pages: Mitral Valve Prolapse Heart and Circulation From the National Institutes of Health Valvular Heart Disease (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) General/Overviews Heart Valves (American Heart Association) Clinical Trials ClinicalTrials.gov: Aortic Valve Stenosis (National Institutes of Health) ClinicalTrials.gov: Heart Valve Diseases (National Institutes of Health) Diagnosis/Symptoms Echocardiogram (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) - RealPlayer plug-in is required to view video files MR Angiography (MRA) (Radiological Society of North America) Tests to Diagnose Heart Disease (American Heart Association) Rehabilitation What To Expect After Your Heart Surgery (Society of Thoracic Surgeons) Specific Conditions/Aspects Aortic Regurgitation (American Heart Association) Aortic Valve Calcification (Aortic Valve Sclerosis) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Aortic Valve Stenosis (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Dental Care and Heart Disease (American Heart Association) Heart Murmurs (American Heart Association) Heart Murmurs: Do They Cause Heart Disease?

77. Heart Care - Heart Valve Disease - Methodist Health Care System, Houston, Texas The mitral and aortic valves are most often affected by heart valvedisease. Some of the more common heart valve diseases include http://www.methodisthealth.com/health/heart/valvdis.htm

Heart Care Home Las Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (en español) Clinical Services Methodist DeBakey Heart Center Multi-Organ Transplant Center at The Methodist Hospital Methodist Diagnostic Hospital Methodist Sugar Land Hospital ... Appointment Heart Valve Diseases What are heart valves? The heart consists of four chambers, two atria (upper chambers) and two ventricles (lower chambers). There is a valve through which blood passes before leaving each chamber of the heart. The valves prevent the backward flow of blood. These valves are actual flaps that are located on each end of the two ventricles (lower chambers of the heart). They act as one-way inlets of blood on one side of a ventricle and one-way outlets of blood on the other side of a ventricle. Each valve actually has three flaps, except the mitral valve, which has two flaps. The four heart valves include the following: tricuspid valve - located between the right atrium and the right ventricle pulmonary valve - located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery mitral valve - located between the left atrium and the left ventricle aortic valve - located between the left ventricle and the aorta How do the heart valves function?

78. BestDoctors.com: Condition Summary: Heart Valve Disease What are the symptoms of heart valve disease? When the valves on the left side ofthe heart are involved (aortic valve and mitral valve), the function of the http://www.bestdoctors.com/en/conditions/h/heartvaldisease/heartvaldisease_02140

Site Map Language English Spanish Select A Language Search Condition Summaries Nicholas T. Kouchoukos, M.D. Articles by Dr. Kouchoukos Heart Valve Disease Heart Valve Disease Nicholas T. Kouchoukos, M.D. Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri What is heart valve disease? The heart has four valves. When the heart muscle contracts, the valves prevent blood from flowing in the reverse direction. Some people are born with a structural abnormality of a heart valve, called a congenital disorder. Some people may have an acquired heart valve disorder, caused by diseases such as rheumatic fever, infection or inflammation, which can damage heart valves and interfere with heart valve function. When heart valves are diseased, two major problems can develop: the valves leak, causing the blood to flow in the reverse direction from normal, or the valves become narrow (stenosis) as scar tissue and calcium deposit on the valve and interfere with the normal forward blood flow. Some valves may develop both stenosis and leakage. Which heart valves are involved?

79. Heart Valve Disease-Causes, How Damaged? Rheumatic fever this disease occurs after a strep form in the blood and damage theheart valve. Aging some valves, like the aortic valve, become hardened and http://www.deborah.org/consumer/clubs/zipper/hv.html

What Causes Heart Valve Disease? Heart Valves become damaged for a variety of reasons: Congenital: when valves are developing in the unborn child, they sometimes do not form properly. A deformed valve can result, especially the pulmonary valve. Rheumatic fever: this disease occurs after a strep bacterial infection, such as strep throat. Protein antibodies form in the blood and damage the heart valve. Infection: some bacteria can infect the heart valves and quickly cause severe damage. Aging: some valves, like the aortic valve, become hardened and calcified with age. It is not know why this occurs, or why it seems to prefer the aortic valve. Valves of the Heart Heart valves are flap-like leaflets that swing open allowing blood to flow by and then snap closed. This action assures blood flows in only one direction. There are four important valves in the heart. Aortic Valve: separates the left ventricle from the aorta (the main artery to the body) Mitral Valve: separates the left atrium from the left ventricle Tricuspid Valve: separates the right atrium from the right ventricle Pulmonary Valve: separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery Support Groups The Zapper Club The Zipper Club Coronary Artery Disease ... Link Directory How are Heart Valves Damaged?

80. Heart Valve Disease What causes heart valve disease? Narrowed valves These may be due to congenitalabnormality; degeneration through atherosclerosis (aortic stenosis only); http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/heartvalvedisease.htm

The UK's leading independent health website Search NetDoctor NetDoctor.co.uk Home News and features News Newsletter Features Encyclopaedia Diseases Medicines Examinations Health centres Cancer Children's health Depression Erectile dysfunction ... All health centres Discussion and support Discussion forums Support groups Services Ask the doctor Find a hospital NetDoctor on call Search Medline ... Text message services Information About NetDoctor Commercial opportunities NetDoctor.com Heart valve disease Reviewed by Dr Neal Uren , consultant cardiologist and Dr Patrick Davey , cardiologist What is heart valve disease? The heart has two halves, a left and a right, each with two chambers - the atrium and the ventricle. Between the chambers are the heart valves which ensure the blood runs only in one direction. There are also heart valves situated between the ventricles and the major arteries - the aorta and pulmonary artery - where they have the same function. The valve (A) ensures that the blood does not flow back into the heart from the arterial side (B) when the heart is relaxing and filing with blood from the venous side (C). Failure in a valve in the left side of the heart - the aortic or the mitral valve - results in left-sided heart failure . This leads to an accumulation of fluids in the lungs, or pulmonary oedema.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

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