1. Autonomic Dysreflexia An article explaining what autonomic dysreflexia is and how it occurs. http://www.spinalcord.org/resource/Factsheets/factsheet17.html

National Spinal Cord Injury Association Exploring the Possibilities is the theme of the 2002 Spinal Cord Injury Conference, to be held Nov. 14-16 in Phoenix . Sponsors include the Arizona Spinal Cord Injury Association , the Arizona Chapter of the Paralyzed Veterans of America, and the NSCIA. Contact Us Help Lines National Office Resource Center Membership PEACE Project (301) 588-9414 Fax Hot Topics! What Is SCI/D New Injury Rehabilitation SCI Complications ... Abuse and SC I Back Pain Resources NSCIA Resource Center Federal Resources State Resources International Resources ... Disability Advocacy SCI/D Topics Activities of Daily Living Aging with SCI Assistive Technologies Accessibility ... Work Other SCI/D Publications Disability Books Internet Library Geneology ... Switchboard Software Web Ferret WinZIP v8 Acrobat Reader v5.0.5 cnet.com Remember! NSCIA Home About NSCIA Executive Director Board Of Directors ... Search State Resources for Living! Choose a state ... Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming View all Local Pages Commonwealths Territories

2. Automatic Dysreflexia (Hyperreflexia) Logowanie do portalu Wirtualna Polska S.A. http://calder.med.miami.edu/pointis/automatic.html

OTHER COMPLICATIONS OF SPINAL CORD INJURY: AUTONOMIC DYSREFLEXIA (HYPERREFLEXIA) Autonomic dysreflexia, also known as hyperreflexia, is a state that is unique to patients after spinal cord injury at a T-5 level and above. Patients with spinal cord injuries at Thoracic 5 (T-5) level and above are very susceptible. Patients with spinal cord injuries at Thoracic 6 - Thoracic 10 (T6-T10) may be susceptible. Patients with Thoracic 10 (T-10) and below are usually not susceptible. Also, the older the injury the less likely the person will experience autonomic dysreflexia. Autonomic dysreflexia can develop suddenly, and is a possible emergency situation. If not treated promptly and correctly, it may lead to seizures, stroke, and even death. Symptoms and causes Treatment Prevention

3. Autonomic Dysreflexia - What You Should Know A consumer guide to autonomic dysreflexia, what should be known. For down load on PDF. http://www.pva.org/NEWPVASITE/publications/cpg_pubs/AutoDys.htm

Consumer Guidelines Autonomic Dysreflexia, What You Should Know, A Consumer Guide Brief Description: Autonomic Dysreflexia can be life-threatening. It requires quick and correct attention. Even if you've already learned what to do for autonomic dysreflexia, you may want to keep this Guide for reference. It may be helpful for you or for people who share in your care. Download Document You must have Adobe Acrobat 3.0 or higher in order to read this document. Adobe Acrobat Reader is free to download. Download Adobe Acrobat Reader Note: This report is 18 pages long. Last updated 8/6/01 BACK TO MEDICAL GUIDELINES PVA HOME

4. Autonomic Dysreflexia What is autonomic dysreflexia? . autonomic dysreflexia medical emergency.What are signs and symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia? http://www.northeastrehab.com/Articles/dysreflexia.htm

70 Butler Street, Salem, NH 03079 Autonomic Dysreflexia Mission Statement Services Offered at NRHN Directions to Hospital and Clinics Articles and Information Active and Attending Staff Contact Information Jobs at NRHN Announcements and News Archives Thomas Cody, MD Staff Physiatrist - Northeast Rehabilitation Hospital Veronica (Roni) Zieroff, RN, BS, CRRN Spinal Cord Injury Program Team Leader - Northeast Rehabilitation Hospital What is "Autonomic Dysreflexia?" Autonomic dysreflexia is a syndrome characterized by abrupt onset of excessively high blood pressure caused by uncontrolled sympathetic nervous system discharge in persons with spinal cord injury. Persons at risk for this problem generally have injury levels above T-6. True autonomic dysreflexia is potentially life-threatening and is considered a medical emergency. What are signs and symptoms of Autonomic Dysreflexia? Hypertension (blood pressure greater than 200/100) Pounding headache (secondary to hypertension/vasodilatation) Flushed (reddened) face (secondary to vasodilatation) Red blotches on the skin above level of spinal injury (secondary to vasodilatation) Sweating above level of spinal injury (secondary to vasodilatation) Nasal stuffiness (secondary to vasodilatation) Nausea (secondary to vagal parasympathetic stimulation) Piloerection ("goose bumps")

5. Welcome autonomic dysreflexia (AD), also known as Hyperreflexia, is a potentially dangerous complication of spinal cord injury http://www.bayou-pva.org/SCD/AUTONOMIC_DYSREFLEXIA.html

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6. Autonomic Dysreflexia Best viewed with or. 800X600. autonomic dysreflexia, What is autonomic dysreflexia ? Whatcan be done to manage an episode of autonomic dysreflexia? TOC. http://www.spinalcord.org/resource/Hot Topics/autonomic_dysflexia.htm

National Spinal Cord Injury Association Exploring the Possibilities is the theme of the 2002 Spinal Cord Injury Conference, to be held Nov. 14-16 in Phoenix . Sponsors include the Arizona Spinal Cord Injury Association , the Arizona Chapter of the Paralyzed Veterans of America, and the NSCIA. Contact Us Help Lines National Office Resource Center Membership PEACE Project (301) 588-9414 Fax Hot Topics! What Is SCI/D New Injury Rehabilitation SCI Complications ... Abuse and SC I Back Pain Resources NSCIA Resource Center Federal Resources State Resources International Resources ... Disability Advocacy SCI/D Topics Activities of Daily Living Aging with SCI Assistive Technologies Accessibility ... Work Other SCI/D Publications Disability Books Internet Library Geneology ... Switchboard Software Web Ferret WinZIP v8 Acrobat Reader v5.0.5 cnet.com Remember! NSCIA Home About NSCIA Executive Director Board Of Directors ... Search State Resources for Living! Choose a state ... Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming View all Local Pages Commonwealths Territories

7. Northeast Rehab Has Moved A description of autonomic dysreflexia, including the signs and symptoms, the causes, management and prevention. http://www.rehabnet.com/monographs/autodys.htm

Northeast Rehab Health Network has Moved! Northeast Rehab Health Network's web site has been moved to http://www.northeastrehab.com . Please update your bookmarks. You will automatically be taken to the new site Northeast Rehab Hospital 70 Butler St., Salem, NH 03079

8. Autonomic Dysreflexiahttp//www.qbg.org/dysref.htm - February 27, 2003 - 7 KB9. E eLibrary is the subscription based online library for fun or research. Find out more about securing your guaranteed Free 7day trial with your credit card and retrieve 'eLibrary.com - The Mosby Medical Encyclopedia 10-01-1996, 'autonomic dysreflexia' http://www.qbg.org/dysref.htm

9. The SCI Info Pages - Autonomic Dysreflexia Describes autonomic dysreflexia, its signs, symptoms, causes, treatmentand prevention. autonomic dysreflexia Get your AD Card here! http://www.sci-info-pages.com/ad.htm

HOME CONTACT ME LINK 2 US SUBMIT A SITE Your one stop site for all SCI information! Autonomic Dysreflexia HOME PAGE LINKS / RESOURCES Adaptive Technology Clinical Trials Disability Communities ... Research for HEALTH ISSUES Autonomic Dysreflexia Bladder Management Bowel Management ... (power) GENERAL SCI INFO. Column Info. Anatomy of the Spine FAQ's About SCI's Functional Goals ... Legal - Wills, Etc. SITE INFO. Contact Me Link to this Page Submit A Site Affiliations ... Reciprocal Links Autonomic Dysreflexia Get your AD Card here! What is "Autonomic Dysreflexia?" Autonomic dysreflexia, also known as hyperreflexia, means an over-activity of the Autonomic Nervous System causing an abrupt onset of excessively high blood pressure Persons at risk for this problem generally have injury levels above T-5. Autonomic dysreflexia can develop suddenly and is potentially life threatening and is considered a medical emergency. If not treated promptly and correctly, it may lead to seizures, stroke, and even death. AD occurs when an irritating stimulus is introduced to the body below the level of spinal cord injury, such as an overfull bladder. The stimulus sends nerve impulses to the spinal cord, where they travel upward until they are blocked by the lesion at the level of injury. Since the impulses cannot reach the brain, a reflex is activated that increases activity of the sympathetic portion of autonomic nervous system. This results in spasms and a narrowing of the blood vessels, which causes a rise in the blood pressure.

10. Jerry Haney, Table Of Contents, An Index To Jerry's Site Details about autonomic dysreflexia, the symptoms and why they happen and finding and removing the causes. http://www.jerryhaney.com/contents.htm#SCI

11. EMedicine - Autonomic Dysreflexia In Spinal Cord Injury : Article Excerpt By: De Background autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is a syndrome of massive imbalanced reflex sympathetic discharge occurring in http://www.emedicine.com/pmr/byname/autonomic-dysreflexia-in-spinal-cord-injury.

(advertisement) Excerpt from Autonomic Dysreflexia in Spinal Cord Injury Synonyms, Key Words, and Related Terms: autonomic hyperreflexia, paroxysmal hypertension, hypertensive autonomic crisis, visceroautonomic stress syndrome, autonomic spasticity, sympathetic hyperreflexia, mass reflex Please click here to view the full topic text: Autonomic Dysreflexia in Spinal Cord Injury Background: Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is a syndrome of massive imbalanced reflex sympathetic discharge occurring in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) above the splanchnic sympathetic outflow (T5-T6). Anthony Bowlby first recognized this syndrome in 1890 when he described profuse sweating and erythematous rash of the head and neck initiated by bladder catheterization in an 18-year-old patient with SCI. Guttmann and Whitteridge completed a full description of the syndrome in 1947. This condition represents a medical emergency, so recognizing and treating the earliest signs and symptoms efficiently can avoid dangerous sequelae of elevated blood pressure. SCI patients, caregivers, and medical professionals must be knowledgeable about this syndrome and its management. Pathophysiology: This phenomenon occurs after the phase of spinal shock in which reflexes return. Individuals with injury above the major splanchnic outflow may develop AD. Below the injury, intact peripheral sensory nerves transmit impulses that ascend in the spinothalamic and posterior columns to stimulate sympathetic neurons located in the intermediolateral gray matter of the spinal cord. The inhibitory outflow above the SCI from cerebral vasomotor centers is increased, but it is unable to pass below the block of the SCI. This large sympathetic outflow causes release of various neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, dopamine-b-hydroxylase, dopamine), causing piloerection, skin pallor, and severe vasoconstriction in arterial vasculature. The result is sudden elevation in blood pressure and vasodilation above the level of injury. Patients commonly have a headache caused by vasodilation of pain sensitive intracranial vessels.

12. SCI Info Pages - A Printable Autonomic Dysreflexia Card PRINT OUT THIS PAGE AND CUT OUT YOUR CARD ALONG THE DARK BLACKBORDER. FOLD AT CENTER LAMINATE FOR SAFEKEEPING. http://www.sci-info-pages.com/ad_card.htm

PRINT OUT THIS PAGE AND CUT OUT YOUR CARD ALONG THE DARK

13. SpinalNet - Autonomic Dysreflexia autonomic dysreflexia. What is autonomic dysreflexia and who doesit affect? autonomic dysreflexia is an exaggerated response of http://www.spinalnet.co.uk/EEndCom/GBCON/homepage.nsf/(VIEWDOCSBYID)/763D3A66D7D

var welcomeText=""; var welcomeUserName=""; var ParentUNID = '' var RedirectTo='' formPresent='' My profile Help Contact us Site map ... References Autonomic Dysreflexia Printer friendly Send to a friend Add to favorites Overview Full text Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is a very important potential complication of SCI. This section discusses what it is, the signs and symptoms it produces, its potential causes and the methods of treatment and prevention that can be taken. An overview of these topics is provided here, and full text can be accessed by following the links provided. What is autonomic dysreflexia and who does it affect? Autonomic dysreflexia is an exaggerated response of the nervous system to a specific trigger, such as an overfull bladder, that occurs because the brain is no longer able to control the body's response to the trigger. This response involves the blood vessels in the skin and abdomen narrowing, which leads to a rapid increase in the body's blood pressure. High blood pressure is a serious medical problem that can be life threatening, potentially causing a stroke or a heart attack. AD is most often seen in people with spinal injuries higher than T4 to T6. In fact, most people with tetraplegia are likely to suffer from AD at some time in their life, with the highest risk being during the first year after injury.

14. SpinalNet - Autonomic Dysreflexia autonomic dysreflexia. a. What is autonomic dysreflexia who does itaffect? b. Signs symptoms c. Causes d. Treatment prevention, http://www.spinalnet.co.uk/EEndCom/GBCON/homepage.nsf/(VIEWDOCSBYID)/67150DFCD7E

15. EMedicine - Autonomic Dysreflexia In Spinal Cord Injury : Article By Denise I Ca autonomic dysreflexia in Spinal Cord Injury autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is a syndromeof massive imbalanced reflex sympathetic discharge occurring in patients http://www.emedicine.com/pmr/topic217.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Spinal Cord Injury Autonomic Dysreflexia in Spinal Cord Injury Last Updated: May 24, 2001 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: autonomic hyperreflexia, paroxysmal hypertension, hypertensive autonomic crisis, visceroautonomic stress syndrome, autonomic spasticity, sympathetic hyperreflexia, mass reflex AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Denise I Campagnolo, MD, MS , Clinical Director of Spinal Cord Injury Program, Associate Professor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New Jersey Medical School Denise I Campagnolo, MD, MS, is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine American Medical Association ... American Spinal Injury Association , and Association of Academic Physiatrists Editor(s): Milton J Klein, DO

16. Autonomic Dysreflexia autonomic dysreflexia. Marque aquí para la versión en español. Whatis autonomic dysreflexia? autonomic dysreflexia or hypereflexia http://um-jmh.org/HealthLibrary/ORN/Autonomic.html

ALS Autonomic Dysreflexia Brain Attack Cerebral Aneurysm Epilepsy External Fixation Device ... "Plain Language Library" Home Page AUTONOMIC DYSREFLEXIA What is Autonomic Dysreflexia? Autonomic dysreflexia or hypereflexia is an abnormal reflex that can happen to you if your spinal cord is stimulated. If it is not treated, autonomic dysreflexia can cause severe high blood pressure, which can lead to a major stroke. This is a serious emergency and has to be taken care of right away! Dysreflexia can happen when you have: A full bladder (most common cause). A full bowel. Any skin pressure. What are the signs and symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia? The signs and symptoms are: High blood pressure Pounding headache Blurred vision Small bumps on your skin Upper body sweating Runny nose Chills without fever What can I do if I get dysreflexia? If you have the symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia, do this right away: Raise your head. Check for a full bladder: If you have a catheter, check for kinks in the tubing and drop the bag below your hips. If urine is still not draining, change your catheter. If you don't have a catherter, catheterize yourself.

17. Spinal Cord Injury Discharge Manual: Autonomic Dysreflexia SPINAL CORD INJURY DISCHARGE MANUAL autonomic dysreflexia. After aSpinal Cord Injury above T6, you may get autonomic dysreflexia. http://um-jmh.org/HealthLibrary/ORN/Spinal_Cord_6.html

ALS Autonomic Dysreflexia Brain Attack Cerebral Aneurysm ... "Plain Language Library" Home Page SPINAL CORD INJURY DISCHARGE MANUAL: Autonomic Dysreflexia After a Spinal Cord Injury above T6, you may get autonomic dysreflexia. A.D. is an abnormal reflex that can happen if your spinal cord is stimulated. The most common cause is: A full bladder The most common sign is: A pounding headache If you have a pounding headache that just won't quit, and your injury level is about T6, your blood pressure is too high. You have Autonomic Dysreflexia! Immediately cath yourself. The headache should go away within 20 minutes. If the pounding headache still continues, CALL 911!! Tell the operator the level of your Spinal Cord Injury and the signs of A.D. you are having. This is a serious problem and will require EMERGENCY CARE! Other signs of an A.D. are" Stuffy nose Flushing of the head and neck Goose bumps Sweating More about Autonomic Dysreflexia NEXT PAGE SEARCH OUR SITE SITE MAP contact Webmaster Jackson Memorial Hospital 305-585-1111

18. MOMSCIS - The Doctor Is In Archives: Autonomic Dysreflexia autonomic dysreflexia What it is, what it does, and what to do if you experienceit. If you experience symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia, do not lie down. http://www.muhealth.org/~momscis/docisin/docauto.htm

The Missouri Model Spinal Cord Injury System Because of legal restrictions, MOMSCIS cannot give specific medical advice. The following information is not a substitute for the personal care or advice of your physician. Please discuss any concerns with your physician regarding your medical care. Physicians in the at the University of Missouri-Columbia Topics: Pressure sores New SCI research Focus of MOMSCIS' research Osteoporosis ... Hormone therapy Autonomic Dysreflexia What it is, what it does, and what to do if you experience it You have a pounding headache. You have goosebumps. Your neck and face are flushed. What’s going on? If you have a spinal cord injury at the T-6 level or above, you may be experiencing symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia. In some cases, individuals whose injury is at the T-10 level or above also may experience autonomic dysreflexia. Other symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia may include: sweating, nasal congestion, slow heartbeat, blurred vision, and nausea. Autonomic dysreflexia is the body’s reaction to misinterpreted sensations (usually painful) from below the injury site. Because nerve messages about sensations cannot reach the brain through the spinal cord, the messages are sent via the autonomic nerves (those not in the spinal column). This can result in an autonomic reflex, which can cause blood vessels to constrict and raise blood pressure. In response to the high blood pressure, the brain sends messages to blood vessels to dilate but, because of the spinal cord injury, the messages are not received. The blood pressure remains high and, if not lowered quickly, can lead to stroke and death.

19. Hyperrflexia Treatment OTHER COMPLICATIONS OF SPINAL CORD INJURY autonomic dysreflexia (HYPERREFLEXIA)TREATMENT. Treatment of autonomic dysreflexia must http://calder.med.miami.edu/pointis/treatment.html

OTHER COMPLICATIONS OF SPINAL CORD INJURY: AUTONOMIC DYSREFLEXIA (HYPERREFLEXIA): TREATMENT Treatment of autonomic dysreflexia must be initiated quickly to prevent complications. Remain in a sitting position, but do a pressure release immediately. You may transfer yourself to bed, but always keep your head elevated. Since a full bladder is the most common cause, check the urinary drainage system. If you have a Foley or suprapubic catheter, check the following: Is your drainage full? Is there a kink in the tubing? Is the drainage bag at a higher level than your bladder? Is the catheter plugged? After correcting an obvious problem, and if your catheter is not draining within 2-3 minutes, your catheter must be changed immediately. If you do not have a Foley or suprapubic catheter, perform a catheterization and empty your bladder. If your bladder has not triggered the episode of autonomic dysreflexia, the cause may be your Bowel. Perform a digital stimulation and empty your bowel. If you are performing a digital stimulation when the symptoms first appear, stop the procedure and resume after the symptoms subside. If your bladder or bowel are not the cause, check to see if:

20. PVA Press Release Contact David J. Uchic, (202) 4167667. Dawn Sexton, (202) 416-7611. PVA PublishesUpdated Guidelines on autonomic dysreflexia for Health-Care Professionals. http://www.pva.org/NEWPVASITE/newsroom/PR2001/pr01137.htm

PVA Newsroom Contact: David J. Uchic Dawn Sexton PVA Publishes Updated Guidelines on Autonomic Dysreflexia for Health-Care Professionals www.scicpg.org Acute Management of Autonomic Dysreflexia: Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury Presenting to Health-Care Facilities 2nd edition is intended for health-care professionals to use when making clinical decisions about the treatment of autonomic dysreflexia following a spinal cord injury. These guidelines are particularly useful for emergency medicine professionals who usually represent the first line of treatment of AD. “This is a comprehensive and intense examination of one of the most common and unrecognized complications of spinal cord injury—autonomic dysreflexia," stated Kenneth C. Parsons, MD, Consortium chairman and director of Spinal Injury Services at The Institute of Rehabilitation and Research. “These guidelines provide guidance and assistance in the decisions required to recognize the varying signs and symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia and treat the most common causes. This information will help restore health, independence, control and self-esteem to people with spinal cord injury suffering from AD episodes." These guidelines provide research-based recommendations on treating the two most common causes of AD, bladder and bowel obstructions, as well as guidance on when to consider pharmacological management of the episode depending upon age and blood pressure level. Additionally, they make recommendations regarding where knowledge gaps exist in the scientific literature so that future research can be directed toward enhancing prevention and treatment efforts.

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