1. Neuroscience For Kids - Autonomic Nervous System Search for books about autonomic nervous system. autonomic nervous system. Begin your search for. autonomic nervous system http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/auto.html

The Autonomic Nervous System The organs (the "viscera") of our body, such as the heart, stomach and intestines, are regulated by a part of the nervous system called the autonomic nervous system (ANS) . The ANS is part of the peripheral nervous system and it controls many organs and muscles within the body. In most situations, we are unaware of the workings of the ANS because it functions in an involuntary, reflexive manner. For example, we do not notice when blood vessels change size or when our heart beats faster. However, some people can be trained to control some functions of the ANS such as heart rate or blood pressure. The ANS is most important in two situations: In emergencies that cause stress and require us to "fight" or take "flight" (run away) and In nonemergencies that allow us to "rest" and "digest" The ANS regulates: Muscles in the skin (around hair follicles; smooth muscle) around blood vessels (smooth muscle) in the eye (the iris; smooth muscle) in the stomach, intestines and bladder (smooth muscle) of the heart (cardiac muscle) Glands The ANS is divided into three parts: The sympathetic nervous system The parasympathetic nervous system The enteric nervous system The Sympathetic Nervous System It is a nice, sunny day...you are taking a nice walk in the park.

2. Autonomic Nervous System autonomic nervous system Last Edited 08/06/2001 ©19982003 Jacob L. Driesen, Ph.D., The Bradford Group http://www.driesen.com/autonomic_nervous_system.htm

Autonomic Nervous System Up Back Next Autonomic Nervous System ... Diencephalon [ Autonomic Nervous System ] Hypothalamic Nuclei Pituitary Gland Thalamic Nuclei Memory in the Brain ... Search Our Site Last Edited: ©1998-2003 Jacob L. Driesen, Ph.D.

3. The Autonomic Nervous System (page 1) Overview of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems by Dr S Bakewell. http://www.nda.ox.ac.uk/wfsa/html/u05/u05_010.htm

Issue 5 (1995) Article 6: Page 1 of 2 Go to page: 1 The Autonomic Nervous System Dr S Bakewell, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge. Introduction Parasympathetic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system The nervous system is divided into the somatic nervous system which controls organs under voluntary control (mainly muscles) and the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) which regulates individual organ function and homeostasis, and for the most part is not subject to voluntary control. It is also known as the visceral or automatic system. The ANS is primarily involved in reflex arcs, involving an autonomic or somatic afferent limb, and then autonomic and somatic efferent limbs. For instance, afferent fibres may convey stimuli from pain receptors, or mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors in the heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract etc. There may then be a reflex response to this involving autonomic efferent fibres causing contraction of smooth muscle in certain organs (e.g. blood vessels, eyes, lungs, bladder, gastrointestinal tract) and influencing the function of the heart and glands. The efferent limbs of these reflexes may also involve the somatic nervous system (e.g. coughing and vomiting). Simple reflexes are completed entirely within the organ concerned, whereas more complex reflexes are controlled by the higher autonomic centres in the CNS, principally the hypothalamus. The ANS is divided into two separate divisions called the Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Systems, on the basis of anatomical and functional differences. Both of these systems consist of myelinated preganglionic fibres which make synaptic connections with unmyelinated postganglionic fibres, and it is these which then innervate the effector organ. These synapses usually occur in clusters called ganglia. Most organs are innervated by fibres from both divisions of the ANS, and the influence is usually opposing (e.g.the vagus slows the heart, whilst the sympathetic nerves increase its rate and contractility), although it may be parallel (e.g. the salivary glands). The responses of major effector organs to autonomic nerve impulses are summarised in

4. The ANS Covers the anatomical structure of the system, transmission of autonomic stimuli and functions of Category Health Conditions and Diseases autonomic nervous system......General Organization of the autonomic nervous system. Anatomical Structureof the System. Functions of the autonomic nervous system. http://www.ndrf.org/ans.htm

NDRF National Dysautonomia Research Foundation 1407 W Fourth Street, Suite 160, Red Wing, MN 55066-2108 Phone: (651) 267-0525 Fax: (651) 267-0524 Be sure to visit the NDRF Reference Page where you can learn more about the NDRF Patient Handbook, Videos and other reference materials. General Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System Anatomical Structure of the System Transmission of Autonomic Stimuli Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System (a) ... The Adrenal Medulla General Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System Anatomical Structure of the System The nervous system comprises the brain and various types of nerves, including afferent nerves (from the Latin, ad = towards; ferro = I carry), which carry sensory impulses from all parts of the body to the brain and efferent nerves (ex = from; ferro = I carry) through which "messages" are conducted from the brain to the muscles and all of the organs of the body. The somatic part of the nervous system has sensory components which convey sensations from the eyes, the nose and other sensory organs to the brain (mainly the cerebral cortex) where most of the impulses reach our awareness, and motor components transmitting impulses to the skeletal muscles in the limbs and trunk permitting voluntary control of movements. The autonomic nervous system conveys sensory impulses from the blood vessels, the heart and all of the organs in the chest, abdomen and pelvis through nerves to other parts of the brain (mainly the medulla, pons and hypothalamus). These impulses often do not reach our consciousness, but elicit largely automatic or reflex responses through the efferent autonomic nerves, thereby eliciting appropriate reactions of the heart, the vascular system, and all the organs of the body to variations in environmental temperature, posture, food intake, stressful experiences and other changes to which all individuals are exposed.

5. ScienceDirect - Journal Of The Autonomic Nervous System - List Of Issues Although the autonomic nervous system's impulses originate in the central nervous system, it performs the most basic http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01651838

This Feature requires JavaScript Register or Login: Password: Athens Login Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System Bookmark this page as: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01651838 (Now known as Autonomic Neuroscience = subscribed = non-subscribed = complimentary Volume 81 Volume 81, Issues 1-3 , Pages 3-298 (3 July 2000) Volumes 71 - 80 Volumes 61 - 70 Volumes 51 - 60 Volume 50 Alert me when new Journal Issues are available Add this journal to My Favorite Journals Journal Publisher Website Send feedback to ScienceDirect Your use of this service is governed by Terms and Conditions . Please review our for details on how we protect information that you supply.

6. Autonomic Nervous System A description of the autonomic nervous system, its characteristics and divisions.Category Health Conditions and Diseases autonomic nervous system......autonomic nervous system. http://www.ivcc.edu/caley/107/Lectures_Unit_3/ans.html

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM BIO 1007 Lecture Outlines BIO 1007 Resources Ms. Caley's Home ... Contact Us The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an involuntary division of the nervous system that consists of motor neurons (autonomic neurons) that conduct impulses from the brain stem or spinal cord to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands. These motor neurons are responsible for regulating heart rate, regulating peristalsis (smooth muscle contraction of the digestive organs), and the release of secretions from certain glands, such as the salivary glands in the mouth. General Characteristics of the ANS: 1. It is a two-neuron pathway. 2. Sensory signals from viscera and skin send signals to autonomic neurons in brain and spinal cord. 3. A preganglionic neuron cell body is located within the CNS (brain stem or spinal cord). 4. Preganglionic fibers (efferent fibers) synapse with a postganglionic neuron located in the PNS 5. The postganglionic fiber terminates on the effector organ (heart, stomach, etc). Divisions of the ANS 1. Sympathetic Division

7. Autonomic Nervous System - Part 1 An introduction to the autonomic nervous system along with an image. http://www.parkinson.org/autonomicns.htm

N ational P arkinson F oundation A World Wide Organization Autonomic Nervous System (Part 1) Figure 1 T he Autonomic Nervous System, as its name implies, governs or regulates, the body's internal environment. Shortly after you arrive in a doctor's office, or an emergency room, your vital signs are checked: temperature, pulse rate, blood pressure, and rate of respiration. The vital signs mirror your body's internal environment. They must be maintained for each organ: brain, heart, gut, kidneys, liver, lung, skin to work efficiently. The Autonomic Nervous System does this as follows: Maintains your Temperature at 98.6 Fahrenheit. If your temperature rises because, from among other things, of : (1) An infection from bacteria, or a virus. (2) An inflammation of a joint, a muscle, or a vein (phlebitis). (3) A sauna, a steam bath, a sun burn. the Autonomic Nervous System, rids your body of heat by shuttling blood from your internal organs to your skin. From here it radiates or evaporates. As a result you feel flushed or feverish. If you're anxious, your Autonomic Nervous System can be subconsciously "tricked" into thinking your temperature's up (when it's not) and you may feel flushed or feverish. If your temperature drops because of: (1) An under-active thyroid gland.

8. ScienceNet - The Autonomic Nervous System A brief description of what the autonomic nervous system is and what it does. http://www.sciencenet.org.uk/database/Social/Brain/s00060c.html

The autonomic nervous system The autonomic nervous system controls basic 'housekeeping' functions such as heart beat, digestion, breathing and blood flow. These involuntary actions are brought about by the opposite ( antagonistic ) actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Most organs receive impulses from both the divisions. In general, the sympathetic system tends to stimulate a particular function while the parasympathetic exercises a calming effect. During normal activity the two nerve supplies create a balance but if the body is stressed then the 'fear, flight and fight' reactions of the sympathetic nervous system take over, causing an increase in heart rate, faster breathing, an increase in blood pressure and an increase in blood sugar level. This gets the body ready for sudden, strenuous activity. When the emergency is over the parasympathetic system takes over and decreases the heart and breathing rates and diverts blood supply back to 'housekeeping' activities such as digestion and food absorption.

9. The Autonomic Nervous System (page 2) Article Issue 5 (1995) Article 6 Page 2 of 2, Go to page 1 2. Theautonomic nervous system (Continued) Sympathetic Nervous System. The http://www.nda.ox.ac.uk/wfsa/html/u05/u05_011.htm

Issue 5 (1995) Article 6: Page 2 of 2 Go to page: The autonomic nervous system (Continued) Sympathetic Nervous System The cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic fibres are in the lateral horns of the spinal segments T1-L2, the so called thoraco-lumbar outflow. The preganglionic fibres travel a short distance in the mixed spinal nerve, and then branch off as white rami (myelinated) to enter the sympathetic ganglia. These are mainly arranged in two paravertebral chains which lie anterolateral to the vertebral bodies and extend from the cervical to the sacral region. They are called the sympathetic ganglionic chains. The short preganglionic fibres which enter the chain make a synapse with a postsynaptic fibre either at the same dermatomal level, or at a higher or lower level, and then the longer postganglionic fibres usually return to the adjacent spinal nerve via grey rami (unmyelinated) and are conveyed to the effector organ. Some preganglianic fibres do not synapse in the sympathetic chains but terminate in separate cervical or abdominal ganglia, or travel in the greater splanchnic nerve and directly synapse with chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla. As discussed above, Ach is the neurotransmitter via a nicotinic receptor at the preganglionic synapse. The adrenal medulla is innervated by preganglionic fibres and therefore adrenaline is released from the gland by stimulation of nicotinic Ach receptors. At most postganglionic sympathetic endings, the chemical transmitter is noradrenaline, which is present in the presynaptic terminal as well as in the adrenal medulla. In sweat glands, however, postganglionic sympathetic fibres release Ach and this transmission is nicotinic.

10. Welcome Information and support concerning autonomic nervous system disorders. http://www.ndrf.org

NDRF National Dysautonomia Research Foundation 1407 W Fourth Street, Suite 160, Red Wing, MN 55066-2108 Phone: (651) 267-0525 Fax: (651) 267-0524 Be sure to visit the NDRF Reference Page where you can learn more about the NDRF Patient Handbook, Videos and other reference materials. What is Dysautonomia? Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) , Neurocardiogenic Syncope, Mitral Valve Prolapse Dysautonomia, Pure Autonomic Failure, Multiple System Atrophy (Shy-Drager Syndrome) are some of the many disorders that involve a dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, or Dysautonomia. Our bodies have a complex task of maintaining a stable internal environment and respond appropriately to changes that take place in the external surroundings. This complex task is directed by the Autonomic Nervous System The autonomic nervous system manages most of our bodily systems, including the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal, urinary and bowel functions, temperature regulation, reproduction and our metabolic and endocrine systems. Additionally, this system is responsible for our reaction to stress - the flight or fight response. When our autonomic nervous system malfunctions, it is known as

11. Autonomic Nervous System autonomic nervous system. Copyright © 1996 by A.L. http://www.uth.tmc.edu/schools/med/i_bio_org/general/ans.html

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas - Houston Medical School I. Function II. General organization III. Central control IV. Anatomy of: A. Sympathetic nervous system B. Parasympathetic nervous system C. Enteric nervous system V. Patterns of autonomic innervation VI. Responses of effector organs to autonomic input A. Sympathetic B. Parasympathetic VII. Autonomic pharmacology A. Norepinephrine B. Epinephrine C. Acetylcholine VIII. Autonomic receptors A. Adrenergic B. Cholinergic REQUIRED READING Johnson, L.R., Essential Medical Physiology , Raven Press: New York, 1992. Chapter 8: Autonomic Nervous system, pp. 113-121. SUPPLEMENTAL READING Berne, R.M. and Levy, M.N. Physiology, 2nd ed., C.V. Mosby: 1998. Chapter 15.

12. Flinders University - Centre For Neuroscience Research center for cognitive neuroscience, sensory systems, autonomic nervous system (links between body and brain), addiction, circadian rhythms, epilepsy. Flinders University, Adelaide Australia. http://adminwww.flinders.edu.au/prio/Research/Instit/CNS.htm

Centre for Neuroscience The Centre for Neuroscience was established in 1977 to foster interests in the neurosciences within the university and act as a resource centre for neuroscience throughout South Australia. It is the first centre of its kind established at an Australian university and has an active research and postgraduate teaching program. Membership is open to Flinders staff and postgraduate students working in the neurosciences, including the fields of neuro-anatomy, neurochemistry, neuropharmacology, neuroendocrinology, neuropsychology, neurology, anaesthesia, and psychiatry. Associate status is granted to staff of other institutions in South Australia. CNS is affiliated to the Australian Neuroscience Society and disseminates information from this body as well as from other national neuroscience societies and the International Brain Research Organisation. Centre for Neuroscience website Convener - Associate Professor Judy Morris (Department of Anatomy and Histology) Tel: (int +61 8) 8204 5271 Email: Judy.Morris@flinders.edu.au

13. Autonomic Nervous System autonomic nervous system. I. Introduction http://chem.csustan.edu/flora/zool4280/outline/autonomic%20nervous%20system.htm

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM I. Introduction II. Overview of the autonomic nervous system A. Somatic vs autonomic nervous system Effectors Efferent pathways and ganglia a. Preganglionic neuron b. Ganglion c. Postganglionic neuron Neurotransmitter effects Overlap of somatic and autonomic functions B. Divisions of autonomic nervous system Role of the parasympathetic (craniosacral) division Role of the sympathetic (thoracolumbar) division a. Pathways with synapses in the adrenal medulla III. Physiology of the autonomic nervous system A. Neurotransmitters and receptors Cholinergic receptors a. Nicotinic receptors b. Muscarinic receptors Adrenergic receptors a. Alpha receptors b. Beta receptors B. The effects of drugs C. Interactions of the autonomic nervous system Basic features Antagonistic interactions Sympathetic and parasympathetic tone Cooperative effects Unique roles of the sympathetic division a. Thermoregulatory responses to heat b. Release of renin from the kidneys c. Metabolic effects-I MR, IBS, I RAS of brain stem d. Adrenal medulla e.

14. Neuroscience For Kids - Divisions Of The NS 2. autonomic nervous system The The autonomic nervous system controlssmooth muscle of the viscera (internal organs) and glands. This http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/nsdivide.html

Adventures in Neuroanatomy: Divisions of the Nervous System Contents of this Page Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Divisions of the Nervous System Brain Structures ... Brain Structure Poll Neuroanatomy the structure of the nervous system. To learn how the nervous system functions, you must learn how the nervous system is put together. The nervous system can be divided into "systems." These systems are connected and function together. Let's start with a simple division: The Nervous System is divided into: The Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System Let's break the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system into more parts. Central Nervous System The central nervous system is divided into two major parts: the brain and the spinal cord . The average adult human brain weighs 1.3 to 1.4 kg (about 3 pounds). The brain contains about 100 billion nerve cells (neurons) and trillons of "support cells" called glia . The spinal cord is about 43 cm long in adult women and 45 cm long in adult men and weighs about 35-40 grams. The vertebral column, the collection of bones (back bone) that houses the spinal cord, is about 70 cm long. Therefore, the spinal cord is much shorter than the vertebral column. For brain weights of other animals, see

15. Heart Rate Variability NerveExpress provides a quantitative assessment of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) based on Heart Rate Variability (HRV). http://www.nervexpress.com

www.nervexpress.com Select section Main page Products Medical Fitness About Us Theoretical Review Nerve-Express Health-Express History of product Columbia University Reports Technical Support Installation Troubleshooting Contact Us Home Products Medical Fitness About Us Theoretical Review Nerve-Express Health-Express History of product Columbia University Reports Technical Support Installation Troubleshooting Contact Us The " Nerve-Express " system expanded and increased the capacities of HRV analysis by recognition and systematization of 74 states of ANS activities with the appropriate qualitative description for each one. As part of the " Nerve-Express " system - the "Health-Express" assessment can automatically determine the Functional State of a human body same as Level of Physical Fitness. The "Health- Express" makes possible to obtain 70 qualitative and numerical characteristics of a person's Levels of Physical Fitness based on a mathematical analysis of the wave structure of the HRV. Additional part of the " Nerve-Express " is the "Real - Time" assessment of the Autonomic Nervous system up to 24 hour. In spite of some simplicity of this regime, in essence it is universal since it gives the opportunity to assess the autonomic response during the different kinds of long-term procedure such as "intensive care", anesthesia or during any kind of experiment with a purpose to optimize the strategy of therapy.

16. Autonomic Nervous System autonomic nervous system 50% of GBS patients will develop dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. dysfunction usually results in the overreaction or underreaction of the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system. http://www.cariboo.bc.ca/schs/aldhlth/student/reach1/srtbc/research/nm_disease1/

Autonomic Nervous System 50% of GBS patients will develop dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. The dysfunction usually results in the overreaction or underreaction of the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system. Previous slide Next slide Back to first slide View graphic version

17. Hypothalamus And ANS HYPOTHALAMUS AND autonomic nervous system. A. Hypothalamus = Homeostasis.The main C. The autonomic nervous system The autonomic http://thalamus.wustl.edu/course/hypoANS.html

HYPOTHALAMUS AND AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM A. Hypothalamus = Homeostasis The main function of the hypothalamus is homeostasis , or maintaining the body's status quo. Factors such as blood pressure, body temperature, fluid and electrolyte balance, and body weight are held to a precise value called the set-point. Although this set-point can migrate over time, from day to day it is remarkably fixed. To achieve this task, the hypothalamus must receive inputs about the state of the body, and must be able to initiate compensatory changes if anything drifts out of whack. The inputs include: nucleus of the solitary tract - this nucleus collects all of the visceral sensory information from the vagus and relays it to the hypothalamus and other targets. Information includes blood pressure and gut distension. reticular formation - this catchall nucleus in the brainstem receives a variety of inputs from the spinal cord. Among them is information about skin temperature, which is relayed to the hypothalamus. retina - some fibers from the optic nerve go directly to a small nucleus within the hypothalamus called the suprachiasmatic nucleus . This nucleus regulates circadian rhythms, and couples the rhythms to the light/dark cycles.

18. Welcome To Boston Medical Technologies Develops products related to diagnosing autonomic nervous system health. Includes background on the company, news releases and job openings. http://www.bosmedtech.com/

Welcome to the future of patient care. Boston Medical Technologies is changing the way physicians interact with their patients. Changing the way patients manage their chronic diseases. Changing the way medical test data is collected, analyzed, and made available to patients and their treating practitioners. The Anscore Health Management System , for measuring heart rate variability, is one example currently in use in the medical field. The Anscore system has exciting clinical applications and Boston Medical Technologies research-oriented approach promises new advances to come. Important: Please click here to view the Boston Medical Technologies Web Site User Agreement and privacy statement. Boston Medical Technologies

19. Autonomic Nervous System autonomic nervous system. 11/28/2000 http://www.owecc.net/breynolds/ap1ppt/ans

Autonomic Nervous System Click here to start Table of Contents Autonomic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System Role of different motor systems Comparison of motor neurons ... PPT Slide Author: Brad Reynolds Email: brad.reynolds@kctcs.net Home Page: http://www.owecc.net/breynolds

20. THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM THE autonomic nervous system. Contents. The autonomic nervous system ( ANS )as we have already seen is part of the peripheral nervous system ( PNS ). http://www.jdaross.mcmail.com/Autonomic/ANS.htm

THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Contents Introduction Comparison to the Somatic Nervous System Overview of the ANS Sympathetic Division ... ANS and Shock The autonomic nervous system ( ANS ) as we have already seen is part of the peripheral nervous system ( PNS ). It has an important function in maintaining the internal environment of the human body in a steady state. This role is vital in returning the body to a homeostatic state after trauma. As various changes occur within the environment, both internal and external, the ANS reacts by regulating such things as the Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Concentration of salts in the Blood Stream etc. For example when the level of nutrients within the blood stream falls the Sensory Nervous System (SeNS ) picks this up and stimulates the ANS to activate food seeking behaviour and also stimulates the digestive processes. If the body becomes dehydrated such as playing football on a very hot cloudless day the SeNS will pick up sensory information on the depletion of body fluid and the ANS will activate the mechanisms which conserve and replenish body fluids. The ANS is also involved in many other body activities such as, waste disposal, response to stress, and sexual response.

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