21. Eyelid And Tearing Problems - Blepharospasm Cosmetic Eyelid Surgery can help elliminate problems such as blepharospasm,which is an uncontrollable blinking and forcible closure of the eyelids. http://www.facialworks.com/eyelidtearing/blepharospasm.html

Cosmetic Surgery Ptosis Entropion Ectropion ... Orbital Fractures Blepharospasm Orbital Disease Enucleation Thyroid Eye Disease About Us ... ASOPRS This page... Send it to a friend A printer friendly version Blepharospasm is an uncontrollable blinking and forcible closure of the eyelids It is more commonly known as Benign Essential Blepharospasm. Often the condition is progressive and a cause is usually not found. When very severe a patient can be prevented from driving a car or even walking due to their inability to keep the eyes open. Several types of treatment are available. Injections of Botox will usually control the symptoms for several months. When this is inadequate or repeat injections are inconvenient surgery can help. Surgery removes some of the muscles that spasm allowing the eyelids to remain open more easily.

22. AAEM - Patient Resources - Blepharospasm Patient Resources blepharospasm. blepharospasm. What is blepharospasm? Dryeye has also been noted to be present with blepharospasm. http://www.aaem.net/aaem/patientInfo/blepharospasm.cfm

Patient Resources - Blepharospasm Membership Directory Practice Issues / Advocacy Employment/Training Career Center Fellowship Listing EDX Courses Training Links ... List Rental Blepharospasm What is Blepharospasm? Blepharospasm is a type of focal dystonia in which there is involuntary contraction of the muscles of the eyelids causing closure of the lids. This does not have any effect on a person's vision or mental faculties. The only reason one's vision would be affected would be if the contractions became so extreme as to force the eyelids closed. Symptoms include blinking frequently and irritation of the eye. Dry eye has also been noted to be present with blepharospasm. Other involuntary movements can occur in addition to Blepharospasm such as forceful opening of the jaw, retraction of the lips, or protrusion of the tongue. Who gets Blepharospasm and how often? The cause of blepharospasm is unknown although there are likely genetic factors. Diet, exercise or similar events do not bring it on. Most often individuals with Blepharospasm are seemingly randomly afflicted. It is possible for it to be inherited, but this is rare. Those that are inherited also usually have a generalized dystonia. Blepharospasm is not fatal but is usually a life-long condition. What is the cause of Blepharospasm?

23. Blepharospasm blepharospasm. Subject blepharospasm Title Lid Spasms Author(s)Journal Book Vol Date 86/10 Page(s) Organization American http://med-aapos.bu.edu/PediRef/blepharospasm.html

Blepharospasm Subject: Blepharospasm Title: Lid Spasms Author(s): Journal: Book: Vol: Date: Page(s): Organization: American Academy of Ophthalmology Address: P.O. Box 7424 City: San Francisco State: CA Zip: Phone: (415) 561-8500; Fax (415) 561-8533 Type: F act Sheet Subject: Blepharospasm Title: Benign Essential Blepharospasm-What is it? Author(s): Journal: Book: Vol: Date: Page(s): Organization: Education and Family Support Services Neurological Science Center Address: City: Portland State: OR Zip: Phone: (503) 229-7348 or 1-800-227-5726; Fax (503) 790-1201 Type: Fact Sheet You can send E-Mail to the AAPOS Web Server directly from here. Please send comments and suggestions. You may also attach electronic files to e-mail. Please send us feedback Last Modified by Rick Blocker on 3/8/95 Press This To Return Pedi Resource Home Page

24. EyeMD Link An article about blepharospasm, what it is, treatment and testing details. http://www.eyemdlink.com/conditions/blepharospasm.htm

document.write(''); Conditions Anatomy Procedures Specialties ... Vitreo-retinal We subscribe to the HONcode principles. Verify here Inside EyeMDLink.com Sunday, March 30, 2003 A proven therapy for an age-old eye disease Retina expert, Rajiv Anand, M.D. discusses Photodynamic Therapy and how it's changing the treatment of "wet" macular degeneration Botox™ for wrinkles A well-known cosmetic surgeon answers common questions about this simple non-surgical procedure New "Laser Scalpel" developed for LASIK surgery An experienced LASIK surgeon explains the procedure and separates the facts from the hype New Laser Therapy for AMD Which refractive surgery is right for you? Cataract surgery and the diabetic patient Macular degeneration and smoking Search a comprehensive database of eye diseases and disorders... more Stay informed Sign up for our free newsletter Read about the latest breakthroughs in ophthalmic surgery, treatment, and research from the experts at EyeMDLink.com Type in your email address below to receive a Free Eyecare Newsletter document.write('');

25. Eye Conditions > Blepharospasm -- EyeMDLink.com Last Updated 10/14/2001. blepharospasm. Also referred to as Eyelid Spasmblepharospasm refers to uncontrolled closure or blinking of the eyes. http://www.eyemdlink.com/Condition.asp?ConditionID=77

26. Blepharospasm blepharospasm (blepharo is from the Greek word for eyelid) involves musclesaround the eye and causes rapid blinking or sustained spasms. http://www.kumc.edu/parkinson/blepharo.html

Blepharospasm (blepharo is from the Greek word for eyelid) involves muscles around the eye and causes rapid blinking or sustained spasms. Sustained forceful eyelid closure may cause functional blindness in the absence of organic eye disease. Symptoms may be aggravated by exposure to bright or flashing light and wind. Dark glasses may provide some relief. Return to KUMC Neurology Home Page

27. HealthlinkUSA Blepharospasm Links integral part of the treatment process. FindWhat. Click here for page1 of blepharospasm information from the HealthlinkUSA directory. http://www.healthlinkusa.com/46ent.htm

28. HealthlinkUSA Blepharospasm Links process. FindWhat. Click here for page 1 of blepharospasm informationfrom the HealthlinkUSA directory. Save on Drugs Here. Accutane; http://www.healthlinkusa.com/Blepharospasm.htm

29. Blepharospasm blepharospasm. blepharospasm. Spamodic movement of the eyelid. hemifacial spasm. http://uscneurosurgery.com/glossary/b/blepharospasm.htm

Blepharospasm Blepharospasm Spamodic movement of the eyelid. hemifacial spasm

30. BOTOX® — Blepharospasm BOTOX ® (Botulinum Toxin Type A) Purified Neurotoxin Complex for blepharospasm Allerganand Nova Factor have created an easy way to obtain BOTOX ® (Botulinum http://www.accredohealth.net/nova/botox/botox.html

Allergan Relationship Biopharmaceuticals BOTO X (Botulinum Toxin Type A) Purified Neurotoxin Complex for Blepharospasm Allergan and Nova Factor have created an easy way to obtain BOTOX (Botulinum Toxin Type A) Purified Neurotoxin Complex that reduces the risk of BOTOX non- Clinicians will benefit from the robust experience of the Nova Factor pharmacists and reimbursement specialists. Our clients benefit from a personal relationship with a pharmacist-led team dedicated to helping them successfully managed BOTOX therapy in their practices. Our Program PHARMACY: Manufacturer-trained pharmacists are dedicated to BOTOX and have practical expertise gained through working with patients and healthcare providers. Easy fax referral system.

31. Blepharospasm Essential blepharospasm is a debilitating disorder of progressiveinvoluntary spasms of the eyelid muscles (orbicularis oculi). http://www.eye-plastic-surgery.com/e.p.s./abnormal position/spasm/spasm.html

Essential blepharospasm is a debilitating disorder of progressive involuntary spasms of the eyelid muscles (orbicularis oculi). Other muscles in the face or neck may be involved as well. Terms that sometimes are used in the description of this problem include dystonia (impaired or disordered muscle tone) and dyskinesia (a defect in voluntary movement). The onset of blepharospasm is typically in the fifth to sixth decade and is more common in women than in men. Although the cause of essential blepharospasm is incompletely understood, it is thought to be a result of "miscommunication" in the area(s) of the brain responsible for control of the involved muscles. Systemic medications have limited efficacy in treating the disease. However, some patients do benefit from such therapy alone or in conjunction with other treatment modalities. Local injection of a locally paralysing medication will cause relief two to three months, after which time the injections need to be repeated for continued relief. For those patients who do not respond there are surgical options. Excision of the involved muscles can decrease blepharospasm and has been shown to be superior to procedures that remove the nerve that stimulates the spasming muscles.

32. Blepharospasm blepharospasm. What is blepharospasm? blepharospasm underestimate. What arethe symptoms of blepharospasm? blepharospasm usually develops gradually. http://www.osl-ltd.co.uk/blepharospasm.html

BLEPHAROSPASM What is blepharospasm? Blepharospasm is a form of dystonia, which is the name used to describe particular types of involuntary and abnormal movements and postures which are seen in a variety of neurological disorders. Blepharospasm affects the muscles surrounding the eyes and causes uncontrollable blinking and closure of the eyelids. In extreme cases, sufferers are unable to prevent their eyes from clamping shut so that they are effectively blind at times. Blepharospasm can also be associated with contractions in the muscles of the lower face and jaw, causing patients to grimace when they attempt to open their eyes. Who is affected? Blepharospasm usually affects people aged between 50 and 70. Both men and women suffer from the disease, although more women than men tend to be affected. There are more than 4,000 cases of blepharospasm in the UK, although, since the condition is difficult to diagnose, it is thought that this figure is likely to be an underestimate. What are the symptoms of blepharospasm? Blepharospasm usually develops gradually. First symptoms may include eye irritation and discomfort, sensitivity to light and increased blinking. The severity of symptoms may vary at different times of the day or from day to day. Sufferers may be symptom-free when they first wake or after resting, and may find that the condition worsens when they are tired, under stress or reading. The variability of symptoms can sometimes lead to delays in diagnosis, since symptoms may not be apparent when a sufferer visits his or her GP. Bright of flickering light (even from a television), smoke or wind can all irritate the condition and make symptoms worse. Physical activity such as walking can also cause spasms.

33. Business Studies A-Level Free Resources And Revision At OSL What is blepharospasm? blepharospasm affects the muscles surrounding theeyes and causes uncontrollable blinking and closure of the eyelids. http://www.osl-ltd.co.uk/netcharitiesbs.htm

Testimonials Dystonia Links Visit links provided by Dystonia sufferers. Dystonia Forum Enter discussions related to dystonia. Donations Track OSL's donations to the Dystonia Society so far. Support Groups Support for sufferers of dystonia. Spasmodic Torti... Hemifacial Spasm What is blepharospasm? Blepharospasm is a form of dystonia, which is the name used to describe particular types of involuntary and abnormal movements and postures which are seen in a variety of neurological disorders. Blepharospasm affects the muscles surrounding the eyes and causes uncontrollable blinking and closure of the eyelids. In extreme cases, sufferers are unable to prevent their eyes from clamping shut so that they are effectively blind at times. Blepharospasm can also be associated with contractions in the muscles of the lower face and jaw, causing patients to grimace when they attempt to open their eyes. Who is affected?

34. Blepharospasm blepharospasm. Definition blepharospasm is the repetitive contractionof eyelid muscles in a rhythmic fashion. In some instances http://www.pennhealth.com/ency/article/000756.htm

Disease Injury Nutrition Poison ... Prevention Blepharospasm Definition: Blepharospasm is the repetitive contraction of eyelid muscles in a rhythmic fashion. In some instances, the eyelid may repeatedly close or attempt to close. Alternative Names: Eye twitch; Eye spasm Causes, incidence, and risk factors: The most common causes of muscle twitching in the eyelid are fatigue stress , and caffeine. Once the spasms begin, they may continue intermittently for a day to more than a week, then disappear. Most people experience this type of eyelid twitch on occasion and find it extremely annoying. It usually stops suddenly, without even noticing it. More severe contractions with closure of the eyelid are thought to be caused by irritation of the surface of the eye (cornea), or the membranes lining the eyelids (conjunctival irritation). This type of eyelid twitching is common, especially in certain seasons. Another form of blepharospasm, lasts much longer, is very uncomfortable, and can close the eyelids completely. Review Date: 10/30/2001 Reviewed By: Raymond S. Douglas, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

35. CCHS Clinical Digital Library blepharospasm Patient/Family Resources. Miscellaneous blepharospasm Patient/FamilyResources National Library of Medicine MEDLINEplus Health Topics Index http://cchs-dl.slis.ua.edu/patientinfo/ophthalmology/eyelid/blepharospasm.htm

Patient/Family Resources by Topic: Ophthalmology Blepharospasm Patient/Family Resources Spanish Miscellaneous See also: Hemifacial Spasm Patient/Family Resources General Ophthalmology Patient/Family Resources Blepharospasm Clinical Resources MD Consult: Homepage Lister Hill Library subscription INFO Patient Handouts Table of content Eyelid Twitch: English Spanish National Eye Institute: Homepage Health Information: Table of contents Blepharospasm: Access document National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: Homepage Disorders Information: List of documents Benign Essential Blepharospasm: Access document MEDLINE plus Medical Encyclopedia: Table of contents Blepharospasm: English Spanish Complete Home Medical Guide: Table of contents The Eyes: Table of contents The Red Eye: Access document Eyelid Problems: Access document Spanish MD Consult: Homepage Lister Hill Library subscription INFO Patient Handouts Table of content Eyelid Twitch: English Spanish MEDLINE plus Medical Encyclopedia: Table of contents Blepharospasm: English Spanish Miscellaneous Blepharospasm Patient/Family Resources National Library of Medicine MEDLINE plus Health Topics: Index Eye Diseases (General): List of documents YAHOO - Health:Diseases and Conditions:Eye Conditions Additional Eye Conditions resources ( These sites have not been reviewed.

36. CCHS Clinical Digital Library blepharospasm Clinical Resources. Miscellaneous blepharospasm Clinical ResourcesHealth Reviews for Primary Care Providers on the Internet Homepage http://cchs-dl.slis.ua.edu/clinical/ophthalmology/eyelid/blepharospasm.htm

Clinical Resources by Topic: Ophthalmology Blepharospasm Clinical Resources Pediatrics Geriatrics Clinical Guidelines Clinical Trials ... Miscellaneous Resources See also: Eye Evaluation Clinical Resources Hemifacial Spasm Clinical Resources General Ophthalmology Clinical Resources Blepharospasm Patient/Family Resources Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 15th Ed.-2001: Table of contents Lister Hill Library subscription INFO Chapter 28: Disorders of the Eye: Table of contents Red or Painful Eye Access document Ptosis Access document Yanoff: Ophthalmology 1st Ed.-1999 (MD Consult): Table of contents Lister Hill Library subscription INFO Section 7 - Orbit and Oculoplastics: Access document Chapter 1 - Orbital Anatomy and Imaging - Clinical Anatomy of the Eyelids: Access document Chapter 10 - Eyelids - Essential Blepharospasm: Access document Other MD Consult Reference Books Table of contents Lister Hill Library subscription INFO All MD Consult Reference Books for Ophthalmology (eMedicine): Table of contents Blepharospasm, Benign Essential: Access document CliniWeb: Homepage (includes links to targeted PubMed MEDLINE searches) Eyelid Diseases: List of documents Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases: List of documents Pediatrics Resources See also General Pediatrics Resources Behrman: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 16th Ed.-2000 (MD Consult):

37. Blepharospasm And The Facial Nerve Search Our Site. Internet Ophthalmology Serving the Ophthalmic Community,Established 1995. blepharospasm and the Facial Nerve. Support http://www.ophthal.org/CME/Botox.shtml

Related Sites MedFetch T-Mail Patient Library Botox Language French German Norwegian Spanish Italian Portuguese Chinese-S Japanese Reviews by Subspecialty Cornea General Ophthalmology Glaucoma Neuro-Ophthalmology ... Retina/Vitreous Search Our Site Internet Ophthalmology Serving the Ophthalmic Community Established 1995 Blepharospasm and the Facial Nerve Support for this program was provided through a generous unrestricted educational grant from Allergan, Inc. Feedback Contribute HOME

38. Health Information Resource Database: Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Fo Benign Essential blepharospasm Research Foundation. Contact Information. PresidentPO Box 12468 Beaumont, TX 777262468. 409-832-0788 (Voice) 409-832-0890 (FAX). http://www.health.gov/NHIC/NHICScripts/Entry.cfm?HRCode=HR2032

39. Database Search Results Database Search Results. Searched keywords for blepharospasm. http://www.health.gov/NHIC/NHICScripts/Hitlist.cfm?Keyword=Blepharospasm

40. Error 102 Failure To Open Template Details of group meetings, physician referrals, emotional support and promotion of public awareness.Category Health Conditions and Diseases Dystonia blepharospasm......Error 102 Failure to open template. http://www.azneighbors.com/76

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