61. Healthfinder® — Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) These guidelines are designed to prevent the establishment and spread in the USof bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), the disease commonly known as. http://www.healthfinder.gov/HTMLGen/HFDocs.cfm?DocumentID=3928

62. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) And Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Search Glossary. FoodToday Articles Reviews and brochures Miniguide BovineSpongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and variant CreutzfeldtJakob disease http://www.eufic.org/gb/safe/safe05.htm

Homepage Who are we? Archive Useful Links ... Homepage > Newsletter FoodToday Search: Glossary FoodToday Articles Reviews and brochures Miniguide Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease What is BSE? What causes BSE? How is BSE diagnosed? How is BSE transmitted? ... APPENDIX - EU Country categorisation What is BSE? Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as "mad cow disease", is a fatal brain disease that affects cattle. The disease is named after the characteristic sponge-like changes to the brain that it causes. BSE usually has an incubation period of 4-5 years from the time that the animal is exposed. The condition is fatal within weeks or months of its onset. The first signs are weight loss and nervousness. BSE is one type of a group of prion diseases referred to as Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs). TSEs are fatal diseases that cause spongy degeneration of the brain and severe neurological symptoms. Another example of a TSE is scrapie, a disease found in sheep and goats. TSEs have also been found in other animals including mink, North American mule deer, elk and cats. TSE's found in humans include Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease (CJD) and variant-Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease (vCJD). What causes BSE?

63. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) And Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Rechercher Glossaire. Articles Food Today Les revues et brochures Le Miniguidebovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and variant CreutzfeldtJakob disease http://www.eufic.org/fr/safe/safe05.htm

Accueil Qui sommes-nous ? Archives Liens utiles ... Accueil > La Newsletter FoodToday Recherche: Glossaire Articles FoodToday Les revues et brochures Miniguide Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease What is BSE? What causes BSE? How is BSE diagnosed? How is BSE transmitted? ... APPENDIX - EU Country categorisation What is BSE? Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as "mad cow disease", is a fatal brain disease that affects cattle. The disease is named after the characteristic sponge-like changes to the brain that it causes. BSE usually has an incubation period of 4-5 years from the time that the animal is exposed. The condition is fatal within weeks or months of its onset. The first signs are weight loss and nervousness. BSE is one type of a group of prion diseases referred to as Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs). TSEs are fatal diseases that cause spongy degeneration of the brain and severe neurological symptoms. Another example of a TSE is scrapie, a disease found in sheep and goats. TSEs have also been found in other animals including mink, North American mule deer, elk and cats. TSE's found in humans include Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease (CJD) and variant-Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease (vCJD). What causes BSE?

64. Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform This homepage provided by the British Medical Journal gathers together Governmentstatements and BMJ extracts on bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and http://omni.ac.uk/browse/mesh/detail/C0085209L0086067.html

Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform [up] Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform / transmission Related topics: broader Prion Diseases other Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome BMJ BSE-CJD home page This homepage provided by the British Medical Journal gathers together Government statements and BMJ extracts on Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD), brain diseases affecting cattle and humans respectively, covering the BSE debate since 1988. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform BSE inquiry The BSE Inquiry was set up in December 1997 by the government, which aims to investigate the emergence and identification of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and the new variant CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) in the UK. Their homepage here provides information from this inquiry, including the background to the story, draft full-text factual accounts (in HTML or PDF formats), press releases, witness statements and transcripts. Also provided is a glossary, timetables, and a list of people involved with the Inquiry. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform

65. Reportable Diseases Order (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) Statutes and Regulations Enabling Statute Health of Animals Act Reportable DiseasesOrder (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) (SI/90162) Disclaimer These http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/H-3.3/SI-90-162/

Main Page Glossary Important Note How to link ... Federal and Provincial Case Law Annual Statutes Table of Public Statutes and Responsible Ministers Table of Private Acts Index of Statutory Instruments Consolidated Statutes and Regulations Enabling Statute: Health of Animals Act Reportable Diseases Order (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) (SI/90-162) more Full Document for Printing [ Search: Reportable Diseases Order (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) Go to Advanced Search Table of content REPORTABLE DISEASES ORDER (BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY) Important Notices

66. Reportable Diseases Order (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) Reportable Diseases Order (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) ( H3.3 SI/90-162) Disclaimer These documents are not the official versions (more). http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/H-3.3/SI-90-162/text.html

Reportable Diseases Order (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) ( H-3.3 SI/90-162 ) more Source: http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/H-3.3/SI-90-162/text.html Updated to August 31, 2002 Reportable Diseases Order (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) SI/90-162 Registration 21 November, 1990 HEALTH OF ANIMALS ACT Reportable Diseases Order (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) The Minister of Agriculture, pursuant to the definition "reportable disease" in section 2 of the Animal Disease and Protection Act, hereby designates Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy as a reportable disease. Ottawa, November 1, 1990 DON MAZANKOWSKI Minister of Agriculture

67. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (Mad Cow) bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad Cow). BSE Bovine SpongiformEncephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease). The Canadian Food Inspection http://www.gov.on.ca/OMAFRA/english/livestock/general/health_management/bse/

Our search engine interface requires a JavaScript enabled browser. If you cannot enable JavaScript in your browser, then you may use an alternate interface found at the following web address - http://www.search.gov.on.ca:8002/compass?view-template=simple1 Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (Mad Cow) Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Mad Cow Disease (BSE): Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs), OMAFRA, May 8, 2001 Ontario's BSE Surveillance Program Ontario Animal Health Surveillance Network Reminder to Practitioners-BSE and Foreign Animal Disease Vigilance ... Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) of Deer and Elk, June 28, 1998. Canadian Food Inspection Agency BSE - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease) The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) is the lead agency for Canada and has the legislative authority to prevent the entry of BSE and detect, report or control any potential occurrence of the disease.Technical information and key messages prepared by the CFIA are available on their website at http://www.cfia-acia.agr.ca/english/corpaffr/newcom/fmde.shtml

68. Countermeasures Of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Countermeasures of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) November2001. 1. Confirmation of the Cow's Infection The milk cow at a http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/fishery/bse0111.html

Countermeasures of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) November 2001 1. Confirmation of the Cow's Infection The milk cow at a dairy farm in Shiroi City, Chiba Prefecture that had exhibited astasia tested negative in a Prionics-Check conducted by the National Institute of Animal Health on 6 August. However, on 10 September, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations indicated a Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) infection. Thus, on the same day, a BSE-countermeasure headquarters ( Chief : Senior Vice-minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Takehiko Endo) was established at the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Subsequently, on 11 September, parts of the cow and the domestic test results were sent to the Institute of Veterinary Medicine in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to obtain a definitive diagnosis, in accordance with advice from the Technical Study Group on BSE chaired by Professor Takashi Onodera of the University of Tokyo. On 21 September, the Institute responded that the cow had tested BSE-positive. 2. Establishment of a System to Prevent Distribution of Cattle at Risk of BSE

69. Fact Sheet 2 BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY (BSE) - Dairy - San Bernardino Cou Fact Sheet 2 bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). http://cesanbernardino.ucdavis.edu/Dairy511/Fact_Sheet_2_BOVINE_SPONGIFORM_ENCEP

Main Menu Programs Calendar Publications ... Success Stories Fact Sheet 2 BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY (BSE) Main Page Dairy Talk of Southern California Fact Sheet 1 Foot and Mouth Disease stable fly ... Fact Sheet 2 BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY (BSE) FACT SHEET # 2 BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY (BSE) (Adapted from Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service) Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), also known as “mad cow disease,” is a chronic, degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system of cattle. Worldwide, there have been more than 178,000 cases since the disease was first diagnosed in 1986 in Great Britain. The disease has also been confirmed in native-born cattle in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, the Netherlands, Northern Ireland, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland. It has also been diagnosed in cattle exported from Great Britain to Oman, the Falkland Islands, Germany, Denmark, Canada, Italy, and the Azores. However, over 95% of all BSE cases have occurred in the United Kingdom. BSE is not known to exist in the United States.

70. BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY PART IV FOREIGN ANIMAL DISEASES. bovine spongiform encephalopathy.Definition. bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), widely known http://www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/gray_book/FAD/BSE.htm

BACK MENU NEXT PART IV FOREIGN ANIMAL DISEASES BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY Definition Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), widely known as "mad cow disease," is a chronic, afebrile, degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS) of cattle. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy belongs to the family of diseases known as the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE's). These diseases are caused by a transmissible agent that is yet to be fully characterized. They share the following common characteristics: a. A prolonged incubation period of months or years; b. A progressive debilitating neurological illness that is always fatal; c. When examined by electron microscopy, detergent-treated extracts of brain tissue from animals or humans affected by these diseases reveal the presence of scrapie-associated fibrils (SAF's); d. Pathological changes appear to be confined to the CNS and include vacuolation and astrocytosis; e. The transmissible agent elicits no detectable specific immune response in the host. Specific types of TSE's include scrapie, which affects sheep and goats; transmissible mink encephalopathy; feline spongiform encephalopathy; chronic wasting disease of deer and elk; and five rare diseases in humans: kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia (FFI), and new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (nvCJD).

71. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) - Manitoba Agriculture And Food bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) (fromWHO Web site); BSE – bovine spongiform encephalopathy ( Mad Cow Disease ); http://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/livestock/dairy/cda10s60.html

July, 2002 Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) (from WHO Web site) BSE – Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ("Mad Cow Disease") Health and Consumer Protection Directorate - Food Safety (BSE) Information Concerning BSE for the Scientific World Government Links: home welcome on-line services news ... privacy

72. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Information Or "Mad Cow Disease" - Washington S Contact Us. bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Forms. Publications. Contact Us, FAQ,Index, Search, Site Map. bovine spongiform encephalopathy or Mad Cow Disease . http://www.wa.gov/agr/FoodAnimal/AnimalFeed/BSE.htm

Animal Health WSDA Home Animal Feed Laws and Rules Contact Us Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Forms Publications Contact Us FAQ Index Search Site Map Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy or "Mad Cow Disease" Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) is one disease of a family of diseases called Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE’s). These are fatal central nervous system diseases of cattle, sheep, mink, deer, elk, cats, and humans. BSE occurs in cattle mainly in Europe. BSE has also been experimentally given to sheep and goats, and is thought to be the cause of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in humans. Neither BSE nor vCJD has been found in the United States. Steps taken to keep BSE from occurring or spreading BSE Educational Materials Links to other Web Pages discussing BSE and other TSE’s United States Sites ... International Sites Note: Some files are available in Adobe PDF format. To view these files, download the free

73. British Medical Journal: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy And Variant Creutzfeld Terms related to this article bovine spongiform encephalopathy Developmentand progression CreutzfeldtJakob disease Causes of. http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m0999/7290_322/74089375/p1/article.jhtml?term=c

74. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) In Sheep? bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) In Sheep? Information about viewingPDF files . New Zealand is free from both BSE and scrapie. http://www.maf.govt.nz/biosecurity/pests-diseases/animals/tse/bse-sheep.htm

MAF Home What's New Site A-Z About MAF Choose Topic Animal Welfare Biosecurity Climate Forestry Foot and Mouth Imports Issues Jobs at MAF Library Links Media Centre Publications Quarantine Rural NZ Schools Sustainable Farming Statistics Unwanted Organisms Advanced Help Biosecurity imports ... legislation Biosecurity Home Imports Exports Border Animals Forest Products Plants SPS Animal Welfare About MAF Biosecurity Publications Legislation Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) In Sheep? Information about viewing PDF files New Zealand is free from both BSE and scrapie. MAF risk assessments, reviewed and endorsed by the government's independent BSE Expert Science Panel, concluded that the Scrapie Freedom Assurance Programmes (SFAPs), under which sheep have been imported to New Zealand since the mid-1980s, provide firm guarantees against the introduction of either of the TSEs. The SFAPs involve testing for infection by biosassay, embryos transfers, and prolonged quarantine. Summary The spectre of BSE in sheep is worrying. European sheep were probably exposed to rations containing meat and bone meal(MBM) several years ago. Experimentally it has been shown that sheep can be infected by mouth with BSE. There is no immediately obvious measure that could be taken, such as removal Specified Risk Materials (SRMs), to adequately protect public health should BSE be found to be in the European sheep population. Background The clinical signs of BSE in the sheep are indistinguishable from those of scrapie. The two diseases can only be distinguished on the basis of bioassay in mice and lesion profiling. The British have been looking for it by taking brains from scrapie cases, inoculating them into mice and then looking for the incubation period and so-called "lesion profile" indicative of BSE. There are, however, two problems with this approach. The first is cost. To profile a single isolate in mice costs around £20,000. They have about 200 isolates underway at present. The second difficulty is time; it takes up to two years to run a single lesion profile study.

75. 1997.08.04: (Fact Sheet) Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy And Creutzfeldt-Jakob bovine spongiform encephalopathy AND CREUTZFELDT JAKOB DISEASE. PublicHealth Service Actions to Ensure Against Health Risks. Overview http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/1997pres/970804.html

Date: Monday, August 4, 1997 FACT SHEET Contacts: HHS Press Office (202) 690-6343 FDA Press Office (301) 443-3285 USDA APHIS (301) 734-7799 USDA FSIS (202) 720-9113 BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY AND CREUTZFELDT JAKOB DISEASE Public Health Service Actions to Ensure Against Health Risks Overview: On March 20, 1996, the British government announced a possible link between bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), a chronic disease affecting the central nervous system of cattle, and ten cases of a variant form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a related disease among humans. At a World Health Organization consultation in April, a group of international experts concluded that there is no definite link between BSE and the new variant CJD, but that epidemiological evidence suggests exposure to BSE may be the most likely explanation for the cases of variant CJD in the United Kingdom. In October 1996, John Collinge, one of the foremost British authorities on CJD, and his colleagues published results of their research on various strains of prions, which are thought to transmit BSE. Their results suggest that the new variant CJD resembles BSE rather than other forms of CJD. No case of BSE has ever been reported among cattle in the United States, and, since 1989, no cattle have been imported from countries with confirmed cases of naturally occurring BSE. In addition, no beef has been imported from foreign countries with native cattle cases of BSE since 1985.

76. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy: Division Director's Bulletins - Division Of An bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Links. Updated April 18, 2002 Note BSE isone of the diseases called Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs). http://doacs.state.fl.us/ai/bse-links.htm

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Links Updated: April 18, 2002 Note: BSE is one of the diseases called Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs). Please check the TSE references for further resources and information. Resource Link Florida Facts Prevention and Surveillance Activities for BSE Harvard Harvard BSE Risk Assessment Study http://www.fda.gov/oc/bse/harvard_study.html FDACS, AES Agricultural Environmental Services, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services http://www.doacs.state.fl.us/~aes/BSE/bovinespongioformencephalopath.htm DOH Department of Health (Florida) Statement from Florida Secretary of Health, John O. Agwunobi, M.D., M.B.A. Other DOH Epidemiological Information on CJD USDA United States Department of Agriculture http://www.usda.gov USDA-APHIS USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ BSE Response Plan Summary – October 1998 http://www.aphis.usda.gov/oa/bse/bsesum.pdf

77. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy - Department Of Agriculture, Trade & Consumer P bovine spongiform encephalopathy is a fatal degenerative disease of thecentral nervous system in cattle. bovine spongiform encephalopathy http://datcp.state.wi.us/ah/agriculture/animals/disease/bse/

objNavMenu.display(0); Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, commonly called "mad cow disease" or BSE, is a fatal degenerative disease of the central nervous system in cattle. Symptoms Clinical signs of BSE may include behavioural changes, abnormal posture, decreased milk production and more. Possible Causes The leading theory is that the infectious agent is not a bacteria, virus, or other microorganism. Rather, many scientists believe that proteins in the animal's brain called prions that somehow become abnormal. Prevention The United States takes a three-pronged approach to preventing BSE: banning certain imports, banning suspect feed ingredients, and testing for the disease. Where is BSE Happening? BSE was first diagnosed in the United Kingdom in 1986, and has since been found in 13 other European nations. BSE and Foot-and-Mouth Disease Similarities and differences between BSE and foot-and-mouth disease. New-Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease This new human disease has been linked to BSE. Although scientists are not in complete agreement as to what causes either disease or how the diseases are transmitted.

78. CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE/BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY CREUTZFELDTJAKOB DISEASE/bovine spongiform encephalopathy. INCIDENCE.The incidence of classical CJD is approximately 1 in 1,000,000. http://www.nfid.org/factsheets/cj.html

CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE/BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY INCIDENCE The incidence of classical CJD is approximately 1 in 1,000,000. CJD in persons under 30 years old has an incidence of 5 in 1,000,000,000. SEQUELAE The disease is uniformly fatal in cases that are recognized with clinical syndrome. COST Unknown. The recent withdrawal of blood products by the American Red Cross due to possible contamination by infected blood donors was estimated to be a $50 million loss. The Canadian Red Cross also did a massive recall of blood plasma products. TRANSMISSION Most cases are sporadic with unknown mechanism of transmission. Five percent of cases are familial. CJD induced inadvertently by medical treatment include a) following surgical procedures, b) following cadaveric corneal or dura transplants and c) following growth hormone therapy derived from cadaveric pituitary glands. RISK GROUPS 1) Classical CJD is predominantly a disease of the elderly with peak number of deaths at age 65-69, 2) familial CJD, 3) iatrogenic (see Transmission). SURVEILLANCE The diagnostic error in clinical diagnosis of CJD is 25 percent with reluctance on the part of pathologists to confirm the diagnosis by necropsy.

79. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy And Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease BSECJD pages. bovine spongiform encephalopathy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. BovineSpongiform Encephalopathy in Great Britain. A Progress Report. http://bmj.com/collections/bse/30-3-ed.htm

BSE-CJD pages Bovine spongiform encephalopathy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease The link is unproved, but no better explanation is presently forthcoming The identification of 10 cases of a highly stereotyped clinicopathological variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in adolescents and young adults occurring in Britain within the past 24 months (R G Will, J Ironside, et al , personal communication) is cause for serious rethinking about the possibility of human infection from bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Typically, "sporadic" (idiopathic) cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease begin in the sixth or seventh decade of life with a loss of memory or, less commonly, with behavioural changes or higher cortical function deficits such as dysphasia or dyslexia. Over several weeks the mental deterioration progresses to frank dementia in association with abnormalities of vision or coordination, rigidity, and involuntary movements (especially myoclonic jerks), which often occur in synchrony with periodic spike waves on electroencephalography.[ii] Death usually occurs within six months, and at necropsy the brain shows a pathognomonic spongiosis with neuronal loss and gliosis in the cortex, deep nuclei, and cerebellum. Amyloid plaques are found in only about 5% of cases.[iii] Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease contracted from infected growth hormone also begins in a stereotyped way but with ataxia or other abnormalities of coordination. By contrast, the newly reported variant syndrome is characterised clinically by onset with psychiatric symptoms and progressive neurological deficits with an unusual neuropathological profile (R G Will, I Ironside

80. HealthlinkUSA Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Links Try it, you'll love it! AhHa. Click here for page 1 of bovine spongiform encephalopathy(BSE) information from the HealthlinkUSA directory. Save on Drugs Here. http://www.healthlinkusa.com/51ent.htm

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