61. Bartonellosis : Cat Scratch Disease Cats have been shown to provide the only known reservoir of Bartonella henselae,the causative agent of cat scratch disease. APPENDIX IV CAT SCRATCH disease. http://www.petalk.com/bartonella.html

Prevalence of Bartonella species in domestic cats in The Netherlands. Bergmans-AM; de-Jong-CM; van-Amerongen-G; Schot-CS; Schouls-LM J-Clin-Microbiol. 1997 Sep; 35(9): 2256-61 Coinfection with Bartonella clarridgeiae and Bartonella henselae and with different Bartonella henselae strains in domestic cats. Gurfield-AN; Boulouis-HJ; Chomel-BB; Heller-R; Kasten-RW; Yamamoto-K; Piemont-Y J-Clin-Microbiol. 1997 Aug; 35(8): 2120-3 Detection in Humans: APPENDIX IV - CAT SCRATCH DISEASE The diagnosis of bartonella infection should be confirmed by culturing the organism or amplifying DNA from tissues, such as lymph node or spleen, using PCR. B. henselae are intraerythrocytic bacteria, therefore cell lysis, using a lysis centrifugation technique, greatly facilitates bacterial isolation from blood. Bacteria in the genus Bartonella are very fastidious, requiring up to 60 days to identify bacterial colonies. Seroconversion, using IFA or ELISA, can be used to confirm a diagnosis in people with acute disease. Because of disparate results among studies and an overall lack of microbiologic data in clinical therapeutic trials, numerous issues related to treatment of human bartonella infection remains controversial. In contrast to the apparent lack of response to antimicrobial treatment in human CSD patients, bacillary angiomatosis, parenchymal bacillary peliosis, and acute bartonella bacteremia appear to respond to antimicrobial treatment, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Doxycycline, erythromycin, and rifampin are recommended antibiotics, but clinical improvement has been reported following the use of penicillin, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin.

62. (PRn) Heska Obtains Exclusive License For Cat Scratch Disease (PRn) Heska Obtains Exclusive License for Cat Scratch disease Vaccine TechnologiesPR Newswire; Monday, February 2, 1998 FORT COLLINS, Colo., Feb. http://www.aegis.com/news/pr/1998/PR980211.html

PRn) Heska Obtains Exclusive License for Cat Scratch Disease Vaccine Technologies PR Newswire; Monday, February 2, 1998 FORT COLLINS, Colo., Feb. 2 /PRNewswire/ Heska Corporation (Nasdaq: HSKA) announced today that it has obtained an exclusive license for the use of Bartonella henselae as a vaccine against Cat Scratch Disease from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta. Cat Scratch Disease is caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae that is transmitted from cats to humans by a cat's scratch or other means. CDC holds patents in this area, as investigators at CDC were the first to identify Bartonella henselae as the causative agent of Cat Scratch Disease. Heska's license, which covers not only use of the bacterium but also of portions of the bacterium, will convert to a non-exclusive license at the conclusion of the exclusive term. Cat Scratch Disease can cause skin inflammation, mild fever and swollen lymph nodes in healthy people following infection. In immunocompromised people, such as the very young, older people or HIV-positive individuals, Cat Scratch Disease may result in a life-threatening but curable infection. Due to the potential severity of this disease, doctors may recommend to at-risk individuals that cats be removed from the household. The Company believes that over 22,000 cases of Cat Scratch Disease in humans are reported each year. Dr. Robert Grieve, Heska's chief scientific officer said, "Cat Scratch Disease can be a serious disease in humans and annually results in more hospitalizations than some more well known infectious diseases, such as Lyme disease. We have been working closely with scientists at CDC to develop a vaccine that is intended to prevent cats from harboring the bacteria in their blood. Our goal is to limit the potential for transmission of the bacteria from cats to humans. This is a good example of Heska's efforts to develop products that will secure the relationship between owners and their valued companion animal family members."

63. Robyn's Nest - The Parenting Network - Cat Scratch Disease Cat Scratch disease. animal scratch most often from a cat. BartonellaHenselae is the bacterium that causes cat scratch disease. http://www.robynsnest.com/catscratch.htm

Home Page Cat Scratch Disease Related Topics Childhood Illnesses Home Remedies Pets and Kids C at scratch disease is an infection that causes swelling of the lymph nodes (swollen glands) after an animal scratch - most often from a cat. Bartonella Henselae is the bacterium that causes cat scratch disease. It is found in all parts of the world, and over 80% of cases affect those under age 21. Most cases occur in fall and winter. In the United States, about 22,000 cases occur annually. Worldwide, the disease affects nine out of every 100,000 persons each year and multiple cases within families are common, especially those who have the same cat. A cat with Bartonella Henselae infection does not look sick. Experts believe that up to 44% of cats have Bartonella Henselae infections at some time in their lives. About 55% to 70% of people with the infection have a cat scratch somewhere on their bodies. A blister or a small bump often develops 3 to 10 days after the scratch and may be mistaken for an insect bite. It is most commonly found on the arms and hands, head, and scalp.

64. 1Up Health Cat Scratch Disease Causes, Incidence, And Risk Comprehesive information on Cat scratch disease (Bacillary angiomatotis (similarto CSD), Bartonellosis, Cat Scratch Fever, CSD, Oroya fever 'Carrion's http://www.1uphealth.com/health/cat_scratch_disease_info.html

65. A To Z Encyclopedia Topic: Cat Scratch Disease Cat Scratch disease. Cat scratches and bites can cause cat scratch disease, a bacterialinfection carried in cat saliva. Treatment for cat scratch disease http://web1.tch.harvard.edu/cfapps/A2ZtopicDisplay.cfm?Topic=Cat Scratch Disease

66. CMPT Connections Article - Bartonellosis: More Than Cat Scratch Disease Bartonellosis More than Cat Scratch disease Home Up BCCDC BartonellaIsolates 19941998 . Bartonellosis More than Cat Scratch disease. http://www.interchange.ubc.ca/cmpt/cmpt_new/ac_barton4401.htm

Bartonellosis: More than Cat Scratch Disease Home Up BCCDC Bartonella Isolates 1994-1998 To Organism List ... Back to CMPT Connections Index Archived CMPT Connections Volume 4 Number 4 Winter 2001 Bartonellosis: More than Cat Scratch Disease HISTORICAL INTERESTS CLINICAL CHARACTERIZATION—CASE STUDY CAT SCRATCH DISEASE ... SPECIES - BCCDC LAB SERVICES Bartonella isolates identified at the BCCDC Laboratory Services (1994-1998). Bartonellosis: More than Cat Scratch Disease Nevio Cimolai MD FRCP(C), Program of Microbiology, Virology and Infection Control Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, HISTORICAL INTERESTS The history of bartonellosis dates back more than 100 years. Among the local populations in certain areas of the South American Andes, an illness termed Oroya Fever, characterized by fever and anemia, was recognized in epidemic form as early as the 1860s. At that time, thousands of mine workers had contracted an illness that had an associated high mortality rate. This disease, termed Carrión's disease, still occurs today. The causative agent proved to be Bartonella bacilliformis In another part of the world and notably during the First World War, a relapsing fever illness with various complications including anemia was characterized among hundreds of thousands of soldiers. The entity coined "trench fever" was also found in epidemic form during the Second World War. Initially, the etiologic agent was defined as a rickettsia, and it was labelled as

67. WHAT IS CAT SCRATCH DISEASE WHAT IS CAT SCRATCH disease? by Donna Theobold. The best prevention against catscratch disease is to prevent getting scratched or bitten by a cat or a dog. http://www.reinventingtheworld.com/Cat Scratch Fever/what_is_cat_scratch_disease

W HAT I S C AT S CRATCH D ISEASE by Donna Theobold Cat Scratch Disease, also known as cat scratch fever, is a bacterial infection that you can get from being scratched or bitten by a cat, or in few instances a dog. The bacteria that causes the disease is found in the fleas that inhabit cats which is passed on to the cat through the flea bites. The bacteria suspected is called rochalimaea henselae. The first thing you will notice if you get cat scratch disease is a crusting sore or blister over the site of the scratch that looks similar to a boil. Next, you will notice swollen lymph nodes which are very painful. The most common site of a cat scratch is on the hands, arms and face and therefore is the most common place for a cat scratch infection. bodyOffer(26993) If you notice a crusty infection in a bite or scratch from a cat you need to look for additional symptoms of the disease. The most common symptom is swollen glands under the neck. Many people also get a low grade fever and feel like they have the flu with weakness, nausea, chills, loss of appetite and a headache. If the victim does not get well within in a few days they may develop a very high fever. Pneumonia could develop, or a rash that looks like the measles, as well as other complications. There have been cases of severe infection that have led to encephalitis, amputation and even death due to a cat bite. Most often the symptoms and the disease will go away on its own. Sometimes, in rare instances, the symptoms will last several months and then go away. If symptoms do not go away and the fever persists, antibiotics may be necessary. Go to your doctor.

68. Case Seven : Acute Neuroretinitis - Cat Scratch Disease-Southeastern Eye Centers Cat Scratch disease (CSD) was suspected after our examination revealed bilateralmacular stars and creamy deep choroidal lesions.Treatment for Cat Scratch http://www.southeasterneyecenter.com/cases/catscratch.htm

Central Carolina Surgical Eye Associates, P.A. Case Seven: Acute Neuroretinitis Cat Scratch Disease Color Photo of right eye. Note blurred optic disc margin, macular star and deep creamy yellow choroidal lesions. Color photo of left eye. Note partial macular star and small creamy deep choroidal lesions. Red Free photo of right eye. Note macular star, multiple choroidal lesions and choriodal folds along the temporal edge of the macular star. Red Free photo of left eye. Note partial macular star and a few scattered choroidal lesions. Early phase FA right eye. Note full vasculature and patchy choroidal filling. Mid Phase FA right eye. Note many hyperfluorescent choroidal lesions and dilated disc vessels Late phase FA right eye. Note large number of choroidal lesions and optic disc staining Late phase FA left eye. Note only a few choroidal lesions of varying size. Mid phase ICG of right eye highlights the many hypofluorescent choroidal lesions. Mid phase ICG of the left eye shows that the lesions on FA correspond to the lesions on ICG indicating that they are the same lesions Late phase ICG of the right eye.

69. Cat Scratch Disease (Fever) Articles, Support Groups, And Resources Cat Scratch disease (Fever) articles, support groups, and resources for patientsfrom Med Help International (www.medhelp.org). Cat Scratch disease (Fever). http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/Cat_Scratch_Disease.html

[Health Topics A-Z] A B C D ... Z Cat Scratch Disease (Fever) Medical Glossary: ADEN FEVER BLACK FEVER BLACKWATER FEVER BLUE FEVER ... YELLOW FEVER Medical Library: DBMD - Legionellosis: Legionnaire's Disease (LD) and Pontiac Fever - Additional Information DBMD - Legionellosis: Legionnaire's Disease (LD) and Pontiac Fever - General Information DBMD - Typhoid Fever - Additional Information DBMD - Typhoid Fever - General Information ... The Lung Infection PCP - How to Help Yourself Ask The Doctor Forums 5 weeks of fever out of the last 10 and continuing.... (Heart Forum) acute pain with low grade fever (Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Forum) Blotchy skin, low grad fever (Family Practice Forum) Can fever cause permanent damage? (Neurology and Neurosurgery Forum) ... [Patient Network] Revised: 3/30/2003

70. CAT SCRATCH DISEASE CAT SCRATCH disease A form of lymphadenitis that occurs from bacteria (gram negative,pleomorphic rod) that are inoculated into the skin via a scratch from a http://www.medhelp.org/glossary2/new/GLS_1045.HTM

CAT SCRATCH DISEASE - A form of lymphadenitis that occurs from bacteria (gram negative, pleomorphic rod) that are inoculated into the skin via a scratch from a cat. Results in tender and enlarged lymph glands above the site of injury. Med Help Home Search Ask the Doctor Patient Network The medical glossary has been made possible by a generous donation from:

71. NEJM -- Sign In Correspondence from The New England Journal of Medicine Treatment of Cat Scratchdisease. Next Next. Treatment of Cat Scratch disease. Table of Contents. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/340/23/1842

HOME SEARCH CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES ... HELP The full text of the Journal is available online for all subscribers to the print version. For Original Articles and Special Articles, six months after publication the full text becomes available to all registered users. Registered Users User Name Password Remember my user name and password. Forgotten the password? If you do not use cookies sign in here If you have purchased access to an article or the Journal website, you may regain access here First-Time Users If you are a Journal subscriber using the Journal On-line for the first time, you must register and choose a password. If you are not a Journal subscriber subscribe here If you would like full access to the Journal Web site for 24 hours for $29, click here To regain access to Journal Web site, click here If you would like full access to this article for $10, click here To regain access to a purchased article, click here If you would like free full access to all Original Articles and Special Articles beginning six months after publication register here If you cannot get past this page

72. NEJM -- Sign In Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine Cat Scratch Diseasein Connecticut Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Evaluation of a New http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/329/1/8

HOME SEARCH CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES ... HELP The full text of the Journal is available online for all subscribers to the print version. For Original Articles and Special Articles, six months after publication the full text becomes available to all registered users. Registered Users User Name Password Remember my user name and password. Forgotten the password? If you do not use cookies sign in here If you have purchased access to an article or the Journal website, you may regain access here First-Time Users If you are a Journal subscriber using the Journal On-line for the first time, you must register and choose a password. If you are not a Journal subscriber subscribe here If you would like full access to the Journal Web site for 24 hours for $29, click here To regain access to Journal Web site, click here If you would like full access to this article for $10, click here To regain access to a purchased article, click here If you would like free full access to all Original Articles and Special Articles beginning six months after publication register here If you cannot get past this page

73. Cat Scratch Disease Cat Scratch disease. What is it? Cat scratch What causes it? Bartonellahenselae is the bacterium that causes cat scratch disease. It is http://www.hmc.psu.edu/childrens/healthinfo/c/catscratch.htm

74. Cat Scratch Disease In Children - Keep Kids Healthy Cat scratch disease is a common cause of swollen glands in childrenand follows a kitten scratch or bite. Cat Scratch disease. Cat http://www.keepkidshealthy.com/welcome/infectionsguide/cat_scratch_disease.html

Bookstore Site Map Contact Us Help ... Free Web Pages! Search this site: Advanced Search Free Newsletters Main Menu Useful Tools Index of Topics Pediatric Problems New! Parenting Tips Symptom Guide Nutrition Immunizations ... Web Links Online Resources What's New Reviews New! Growth Charts Online Forums Vaccine Schedule Baby Names Guide ... Height Calculator Newsletters: Subscribe to get free news, tips and updates. Recommend Us tell a friend about us or email this page to a friend Advertisement Infant Formulas Pedialyte Infalyte Kao Lectrolyte Main Common Infections Cat Scratch Disease Cat scratch disease usually occurs in children after being scratched or bitten by a kitten infected with the Bartonella henselae bacteria. A papule or pustule usually develops at the site of the scratch, and then about one to two weeks later, the child's lymph glands become swollen (lymphadenopathy). Other symptoms may include fever, although it is usually mild. Related Topics Lymphadenopathy Atypical presentations of cat scratch disease do occur, but are less common, and may include persistent high fever, conjunctivitis (Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome), encephalitis, and granulomas in the liver and/or spleen. Although sometimes painless, the involved lymph nodes may become tender, red or warm (lymphadenitis) and they may drain spontaneously (suppuration).

75. Cat Scratch Disease CAT SCRATCH disease. Bartonellosis, also known as Cat Scratch diseaseor Cat Scratch Fever, is an infectious disease of humans. Evidence http://www.drpetra.com/Cats/Cat Scratch Disease.htm

CAT SCRATCH DISEASE Bartonellosis, also known as Cat Scratch Disease or Cat Scratch Fever, is an infectious disease of humans. Evidence is increasing that perhaps the cat becomes infected with the causative organism, but it does not appear to produce any disease in the cat. Very little is known or understood about the role of the cat as a reservoir for this disease. What are the risk factors? A cat scratch is sometimes, but not always, associated with this disease. In one study, 99% of patients with CSD had exposure to cats. An increased risk of transmission is present when a kitten is involved, as opposed to adult cats. Most cases are reported in the fall and winter, but the reason for its apparent seasonality remains unknown. What are the clinical signs? Antibodies are proteins which are produced by the immune system in response to some stimulus. About 5% of the United States population is known to have antibodies to CSD. Interestingly, about 20% of U.S. veterinarians will test positive for CSD antibodies. Very few of those testing positive have actually had the disease. The majority have had inapparent infections or have been exposed to the CSD organism without any disease occurring. This is generally a mild disease in humans. Many people experience fever, chills, and lethargy which last only a few days. Unless the skin test is performed or the organism is cultured, it may be diagnosed as influenza. However, the more severe forms of the disease will produce very high fevers, marked lethargy, anorexia, and swollen lymph nodes, usually in the axillae (armpit) or groin. The lymph nodes may enlarge to the point of rupturing or they may need to be opened surgically to establish drainage and relieve pain.

76. Zoonotic Diseases - Cat Scratch Disease This page summarises the symptoms, method of contraction and dangers of cat scratchdisease, along with preventative measures that can be undertaken. http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/health/3888.html

Access keys Skip to primary navigation Skip to secondary navigation Skip to content ... Printer-friendly Search: Industries Key activities Services The Department ... News FAQs Cat scratch disease What is cat scratch disease? Cat scratch disease (cat scratch fever) is an infection that causes swelling of the lymph nodes (swollen glands) after an animal scratch - most often a cat scratch. It is caused by a bacterium. It usually takes 3-10 days for a blister to appear at the site of a cat scratch. Lymph node swelling usually begins about two weeks after the cat scratch, with a range of 7-60 days. A cat with the infection does not look sick, and the animal can carry the infectious bacteria in its blood for several months. Experts believe that up to 44 per cent of cats have the infection at some time in their lives. Is it common in Queensland? The disease can occur anywhere. Worldwide, the disease affects nine out of every 100 000 persons each year, and multiple cases within families are common, especially among brothers and sisters who have the same pet cat. Over 80 per cent of cases affect children and young persons under the age of 21. How could I get the disease?

77. Loyola Univ. Health Sys. - Non-Traumatic Emergencies - Cat Scratch Disease Cat Scratch disease. What is cat scratch disease? Cat scratches and bites cancause cat scratch disease, a bacterial infection carried in cat saliva. http://www.luhs.org/health/topics/nontrauma/cat.htm

You are here: Home Health Information Health Topics Non-Traumatic Emergencies Cat Scratch Disease What is cat scratch disease? Cat scratches and bites can cause cat scratch disease, a bacterial infection carried in cat saliva. The bacteria are passed from a cat to a human after the cat licks its paws then scratches human skin. Rubbing the eyes after petting a cat’s fur can also spread cat scratch disease. Young kittens younger than 1 year of age are more likely to scratch, increasing the likelihood of infection. What are the symptoms of cat scratch disease? The following are the most common symptoms of cat scratch disease. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently.

78. Untitled Document Cat Scratch disease. Introduction. Cat Scratch disease topics. (Toview any of these topics, simply click on the appropriate box.). http://www.vetmed.wisc.edu/pbs/zoonoses/cat scratch/csdindex.html

Cat Scratch Disease Introduction Etiologic agent = Bartonella henselae As a clinical entity in humans, cat scratch disease (CSD) has been recognized since the early 1900's. However, identification of the etiologic agent has only recently been confirmed. In the late 1980's, a curved rod was identified in CSD lesions by silver staining, and this was the first hint to the etiology of CSD. Previously, everything from herpesviruses to Chlamydia and Pasteurella had been suggested as causes. Initial identification of this silver-staining agent as Afipia felis did not hold up in additional cases, either serologically or by bacterial culture. In 1992, Bartonella henselae was isolated from and identified by PCR in CSD lesions. Previously classified as Rochalimaea henselae , these are slightly curved, gram (-) rods. The Bartonella Rochalimaea and Afipia genera are all related phylogenetically to Rickettsia and Ehrlichia With this etiologic understanding, we can now link CSD to other diseases of humans caused by related Bartonella spp.

79. Pets.ca - Cat Scratch Disease Pets.ca In the News Newsletter Discussion Cat Scratch disease. Cat Scratchdisease (CSD) is also called Cat Scratch Fever and benign lymphoreticulosis. http://www.pets.ca/forum/showthread.php?s=&threadid=945

80. Cat Scratch Disease: XtraMSN Health Alternative Names. Cat scratch fever, CSD, benign lymphoreticulosis.What is cat scratch disease? What causes cat scratch disease? http://xtramsn.co.nz/health/0,,8065-1669763,00.html

Advanced Search Home Hotmail Search ... Help navBG = '#336699'; navOverBG = '#6699FF'; casText = '#FFFFFF'; casTextOver = '#FFCC00'; casBG = '#6699FF'; casOverBG = '#336699'; Ask The Expert Beauty Fitness Health Library Natural Health Relationships Parenting SEARCH WEB FOR: BROWSE XTRAMSN: -Select - Academy Awards Auto/Bike/Boat Business Careers Entertainment Games Iraqi War 2003 Kids Money Motoring News Personals Shopping Sport Xtra Super 12 Travel Help SEARCH HEALTH RELATED ITEMS: Xtra Travel XtraMSN Sport Contact Us Health Headlines Lice Therapies Carry Warning Using Herbs To Treat Depression What Do My Dreams Mean? SARS - Latest News ... Runner Joins Green In Health Battle You are here : XtraMSN Health Library A to Z Conditions Mon 31 March 2003 A to Z Conditions Cat scratch disease Cat scratch disease is an infectious illness associated with exposure to cat saliva, usually through scratches or bites. Cat scratch disease is uncommon and usually not serious except in people who have compromised immune systems. Children are most commonly infected with cat scratch disease because they are most often the victims of a scratch or bite. Symptoms include a sore at the site of the scratch or bite and swollen lymph nodes.

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