61. Central Pontine Myelinolysis Website Results :: Linkspider UK central pontine myelinolysis Websites from the Linkspider UK. central pontine myelinolysisDirectory. central pontine myelinolysis Websites from Linkspider UK. http://www.linkspider.co.uk/Health/ConditionsandDiseases/NeurologicalDisorders/B

Central Pontine Myelinolysis Websites from Linkspider UK Keyword: Central Pontine Myelinolysis Linkspider UK Directory Central Pontine Myelinolysis Search for Directory Tree: Top Health Conditions and Diseases Neurological Disorders ... Metabolic : Central Pontine Myelinolysis (3) Add URL Advertise Here! Personalize Amazon ... Weather See Also: Health: Conditions and Diseases: Neurological Disorders: Demyelinating Diseases Drkoop: Medical Encyclopedia - A definition of central pontine myelinolysis, including the causes, risks, prevention, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and complications. E-Medicine - Central Pontine Myelinolysis: An introduction, clinical features, differencials, work up, treatment and follow up. Pediatric Database - A definition of central pontine myelinolysis, the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations and management.

62. Listings Of The World Health Conditions And Diseases Listings World Health Conditions and Diseases Neurological Disorders BrainDiseases Metabolic central pontine myelinolysis. http://listingsworld.com/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Neurological_Disorders/B

63. Untitled osmolytes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of several diseases ofcentral nervous system, such as central pontine myelinolysis (associated with http://www.physiol.arizona.edu/PhysioSci/Lien.html

Y. Howard Lien Assistant Professor M.D., National Taiwan University, Ph.D., University of California, San Francisco Osmoregulation and cell volume regulation Living cells respond to osmolar stress by accumulating or losing inorganic ions and a few low-molecular-weight organic solutes, termed organic osmolytes. The understanding of these osmoregulation processes is of fundamental importance to the proper treatment of many human diseases. We have identified the major brain organic osmolytes as myoinositol, creatine/creatine phosphate, glycerophosphorylcholine, glutamine, glutamate, and taurine. These osmolytes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of several diseases of central nervous system, such as central pontine myelinolysis (associated with rapid correction of hyponatremia), dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (associated with rapid correction of uremia), and brain edema secondary to rapid correction of hypernatremia or hyperglycemia. We are using three models to investigate the osmoregulation of the brain during rapid correction of hyponatremia: experimental animals, cultured brain cells and NMR-compatible bioreactor (in collaboration with Dr. Robert J. Gillies). Our hypothesis is that a high electrolyte to organic osmolyte ratio due to the delayed accumulation of organic osmolytes during rapid correction of hyponatremia may cause demyelination of the brain. The questions we ask are: is there any correlation between brain electrolyte to organic osmolyte ratio and demyelination lesions? do different brain cells, such as neurons, astrocytes and oligodenrocytes, have different osmoregulation mechanisms, thus, have different susceptibility to osmolarity changes? what are the mechanisms of accumulation and release of organic osmolytes? and can supplement of organic osmolytes ameliorate demyelination of the brain?

64. Hypoxia Is The Cause Of Brain Damage In Hyponatremia [Fulltext The initial reports1,2 suggesting that overzealous treatment of hyponatremiawith hypertonic saline may cause central pontine myelinolysis or osmotic http://www.ama-assn.org/special/womh/library/readroom/vol_281c/ed90037x.htm

65. NPEL: Alcohol And The CNS Thiamine Korsakoff's psychosis Marchiafava Bignami disease Methanol poisoningcentral pontine myelinolysis Cerebellar degeneration Subacute combined http://cats.med.uvm.edu/cats_teachingmod/pathology/path302/np/neuro_etoh/neureto

NEUROPATHOLOGY- ALCOHOL AND THE CNS CNS TRAUMA ALCOHOLIC SYNDROMES TOXINS DISEASES OF THE CNS RELATED TO ALCOHOL ABUSE VOCABULARY: Terms you should be familiar with: "Rum fits" Delirium tremens Brain atrophy Fetal alcohol syndrome Hepatic encephalopathy Wernicke's encephalopathy Thiamine Korsakoff's psychosis Marchiafava Bignami disease Methanol poisoning Central pontine myelinolysis Cerebellar degeneration Subacute combined degeneration Peripheral neuropathy Myopathy OBJECTIVES : The objectives of this hour are to recognize the prevalence of alcoholism in the United States, to recognize that the neuropathology of alcohol is largely the neuropathology of trauma, to become familiar with some of the common and interesting lesions of the CNS related to alcohol, and to recognize that some of these are treatable if recognized early enough.

66. Ae Discussion central pontine myelinolysis occurs infrequently when electrolytedisorders are corrected too quickly, and manifests clinically as spastic http://www.med.uc.edu/neurorad/webpage/ffa.html

Extrapontine Myelinolysis Findings: Axial CT images with and without contrast demonstrate patchy areas of symmetric low attenuation in the pons, thalami, and basal ganglia, without enhancement. Differential Diagnosis: central pontine/extrapontine myelinolysis, ADEM, MS less likely Discussion: Central pontine myelinolysis occurs infrequently when electrolyte disorders are corrected too quickly, and manifests clinically as spastic paraparesis, pseudobulbar palsy, or "locked in" syndrome. While the majority of cases are caused by rapid correction of hyponatremia or associated with alcoholism, a variety of electrolyte and metabolic disorders may have a role in CPM. Characteristic imaging features include symmetric hypodensity or signal abnormality in the pontine transverse fibers. These attenuation abnormalities can extend into the deep gray structures in up to 50%. BACK TO UNKNOWNS BACK TO CATEGORIES HOME

67. Treating Chronic Hyponatremia --- HealthandAge who died (3 from Group 3) showed generalized cerebral edema with evidence of tentorialherniation; there was no evidence of central pontine myelinolysis in any http://www.healthandage.org/PHome/gm=20!gid2=389

English site German site March 30, 2003 Home Health Centers HealthandAge Network News ... Primer on Aging Choose Font Size Normal Large Extra Large Treating Chronic Hyponatremia Home MYELINOLYSIS Treating Chronic Hyponatremia Summarized by Robert W. Griffith, MD August 3, 1999 (Reviewed: October 6, 2002) Introduction Chronic hyponatremia occurs in patients after surgery, or in association with other conditions, including psychiatric illnesses. The condition carries a substantial mortality, and is described by the authors of this study as being a common problem in postmenopausal women. In spite of its name, chronic hyponatremia is usually diagnosed within a week of onset. Recognition and prompt treatment can result in recovery for the majority of patients, but otherwise the outlook is poor. Fluid restriction has been a recommended treatment in the past, but the present study shows that the administration of intravenous (IV) sodium chloride produces a better outcome. Methods The study group consisted of 53 postmenopausal women who were consecutively analyzed by the authors, having been diagnosed as having hyponatremic encephalopathy, based on a plasma sodium level below 130 mmol/L together with central nervous system signs. The mean age of the patients was 62 years (range: 45 to 89 years). Hyponatremia was documented as existing for at least 48 hours, and the rate of decrease in plasma sodium was less than 0.5 mmol/L per hour over at least 48 hours. Cerebral edema was assessed using standard neuroradiological criteria.

68. Central Pontine Myelinolysis central pontine myelinolysis. A System. A resource with information onover 4000 medical topics including central pontine myelinolysis. http://www.bloodandmarrowtransplant.com/medical-terms/02060.htm

Central pontine myelinolysis A Medical Encyclopedia Article provided by Maryland General Hospital A resource with information on over 4000 medical topics including: Central pontine myelinolysis Previous Next

69. Medical Term Index 04 lymphoma panel) Cellular immunity Cellulite Cellulitis Centipede Central diabetesinsipidus Central nervous system central pontine myelinolysis Central serous http://www.bloodandmarrowtransplant.com/medical-terms/medterms04.htm

Celiac sprue - diet Celioscopy; Cell evaluation Cell surface antigen studies (B-cell - leukemia/lymphoma panel) Celiac sprue - diet Celioscopy; Cell evaluation Cell surface antigen studies (B-cell - leukemia/lymphoma panel) ... Continuous ambulatory peritoneal

70. JAMA -- Page Not Found The initial reports 1, 2 suggesting that overzealous treatment of hyponatremiawith hypertonic saline may cause central pontine myelinolysis or osmotic http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v281n24/ffull/jed90037.html

Select Journal or Resource JAMA Archives of Dermatology Facial Plastic Surgery Family Medicine (1992-2000) General Psychiatry Internal Medicine Neurology Ophthalmology Surgery MSJAMA Science News Updates Meetings Peer Review Congress The page you requested was not found. The JAMA Archives Journals Web site has been redesigned to provide you with improved layout, features, and functionality. The location of the page you requested may have changed. To find the page you requested, click here HOME CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES ... HELP Error 404 - "Not Found"

71. Health Content Encyclopedia Article Central Pontine Myelinolysis central pontine myelinolysis is a condition characterized by nerve damage causedby the destruction of the covering layer (myelin sheath) of nerve cells in the http://www.baptistregional.com/adamcontent/ency/article/000775.asp

72. Www.pathguy.com/lectures/e6_9900.txt Your best diagnosis? A. astrocytoma of basis pontis * B. central pontine myelinolysisC. herpes infection, resolved D. infarct, fresh E. infarct, old 57. http://www.pathguy.com/lectures/e6_9900.txt

36. Which breast lesion is best-established as premalignant? A. apocrine metaplasia B. blue dome cyst * C. epithelial hyperplasia D. fat necrosis E. fibrosis alone 37. Which breast cancer carries the best prognosis? A. colloid / mucinous B. medullary C. inflammatory D. scirrhous * E. tubular 38. Metaplasic breast cancer usually features A. apocrine change * B. cartilage C. mucin production D. skeletal muscle E. squamous cells 39. Acanthosis nigricans mimics the histology of A. actinic keratosis B. actinic lentigo C. melanocytic nevus * D. seborrheic keratosis E. senile lentigo 40. Recurrence of psoriasis or vitiligo at the site of a scratch is whose phenomenon? A. Breslow's B. Clark's * C. Koebner's D. Nikolsky's E. Waardenberg's 41. Urticaria pigmentosum features an overabundance of A. eosinophils B. Langerhans histiocytes * C. mast cells D. neutrophils E. none of these, it is only inflammatory mediators 42. Immune fluorescence predominantly in the tips of the dermal papillae suggests A. bullous pemphigoid * B. dermatitis herpetiformis C. discoid lupus D. pemphigus vulgaris E. systemic lupus 43. The bone is cracked but not broken. Which sort of fracture? A. closed B. comminuted * C. greenstick D. procallus E. pseudarthrosis 44. An adult with several skull osteomas probably also has * A. colon polyps B. enchondromas C. oral freckles D. osteoblastic metastases E. Waardenberg's with deafness 45. An adult's osteoid seams fail to mineralize because of a radical vegetarian diet? A. fibrous dysplasia B. osteitis deformans C. osteochondritis * D. osteomalacia E. osteoporosis 46. Glue ear results from infection of the A. auditory canal B. cochlea * C. middle ear D. pinna E. semicircular canals 47. Most common adult primary brain tumor? A. ependymoma * B. glioblastoma multiforme C. medulloblastoma D. metastatic lung cancer E. oligodendroglioma 48. Neuropathology of boxers? A. Hirano bodies B. Lafora bodies C. Lewy bodies * D. neurofibrillary tangles E. patchy loss of myelin near the ventricles 49. B12 deficiency shows up at autopsy in what anatomic structure? A. fornix and hippocampus B. frontal cortex * C. posterior columns of the spinal cord D. putamen and globus pallidus E. vermis of the cerebellum 50. What is the cause of Von Ecomono's encephalitis? A. arbovirus B. coxsackievirus C. DPT immunization D. herpes simplex I * E. influenza A 51. Who read the part of Socrates in the last class session? A. Dr. Brandau * B. Dr. Friedlander C. Dr. Hammoudi D. Dr. Lulo E. None of the above 52. TWO KODACHROMES. Ovary. Your best diagnosis? A. dysgerminoma B. granulosa cell tumor C. mucinous cystadenoma D. mucinous carcinoma * E. serous carcinoma 53. ONE KODACHROME. Brain. Your best diagnosis? A. acute subdural hematoma * B. bacterial meningitis C. cryptococcal meningitis D. herpes encephalitis E. subarachnoid bleed 54. ONE KODACHROME. Dura. Your best diagnosis? * A. acute subdural hematoma B. chronic subdural hematoma C. epidural hematoma D. meningioma E. subarachnoid hemorrhage 55. ONE KODACHROME. Brain. Your best diagnosis? A. astrocytoma B. berry aneurysm C. resolving hypertensive bleed D. metastatic breast cancer * E. old infarct 56. ONE KODACHROME. Brain. Luxol fast blue. Your best diagnosis? A. astrocytoma of basis pontis * B. central pontine myelinolysis C. herpes infection, resolved D. infarct, fresh E. infarct, old 57. TWO KODACHROMES. Breast lesion. Your best diagnosis? A. blue dome cysts B. comedocarcinoma * C. malignant fibrous histiocytoma D. medullary carcinoma E. tubular carcinoma 58. ONE KODACHROME. Skeletal muscle, ATP-ase stain. A. denervation atrophy B. denervation-reinnervation C. Duchenne muscular dystrophy D. polymyositis * E. type II fiber atrophy 59. ONE KODACHROME. Skin lesion. You best diagnosis? A. psoriasis * B. melanoma C. metastatic oat cell carcinoma D. Sezary's E. Sweet's neutrophilic dermatosis 60. ONE KODACHROME. Skin. Your best diagnosis? A. atopic eczema B. impetigo C. lichen planus * D. pityriasis rosea E. varicella - zoster 61. TWO KODACHROMES. Brain. Your best diagnosis? A. Alzheimer's disease B. multiple sclerosis C. neurosyphilis D. Pick's disease * E. prion disease 62. ONE KODACHROME. Brain. Your best diagnosis? * A. agenesis of corpus callosum B. Alzheimer's C. Arnold-Chiari D. Dandy-Walker E. ulegyria 63. TWO KODACHROMES. Ovary. Your best diagnosis? A. Brenner tumor B. dermoid cyst C. dysgerminoma * D. granulosa cell tumor E. metastatic oat cell carcinoma 64. TWO KODACHROME. Brain. Your best diagnosis? A. infarct, recent B. infarct, old C. central pontine myelinolysis D. medulloblastoma * E. multiple sclerosis 65. ONE KODACHROME. Brain. Your best diagnosis? A. glioblastoma B. infarct, old C. infarct, recent * D. meningioma E. subdural hematoma, organizing 66. ONE KODACHROME. Skin. What is this pigmented lesion? A. congenital nevus B. dermatofibroma C. lentigo D. melanoma * E. none of the above 67. ONE KODACHROME. Muscle. Your best diagnosis? A. Duchenne's B. nerve injury * C. polyarteritis nodosa D. polymyositis E. trichinosis 68. ONE KODACHROME. Soft tissue tumor. Your best diagnosis? A. aggressive liposarcoma B. dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans C. extraosseous chondrosarcoma * D. leiomyosarcoma E. sarcoma botryoides 69. ONE KODACHROME. Skeletal muscle. Suggestive of A. Duchenne's * B. denervation-reinnervation C. mitochondrial myopathy D. myotonic dystrophy E. polymyositis 70. ONE KODACHROME. Skeletal muscle. Suggestive of A. Duchenne's * B. denervation-reinnervation C. mitochondrial myopathy D. myotonic dystrophy E. polymyositis 71. ONE KODACHROME. Vertebral column. Your best diagnosis? * A. ankylosing spondylitis B. Pott's disease C. metastatic cancer consistent with prostate origin D. simple osteoarthritis E. simple osteoporosis 72. ONE KODACHROME. Muscle. Your best diagnosis? A. Duchenne's B. denervation * C. mitochondrial myopathy D. myotonic dystrophy E. polymyositis 73. ONE KODACHROME. Brain. Your best diagnosis? * A. epidural hematoma B. meningioma C. subarachnoid bleed D. subdural hematoma, acute E. subdural hematoma, chronic 74. ONE KODACHROME. Brain. Sequela of A. berry aneurysm B. meningitis C. surgery * D. trauma E. none, this is a tumor 75. ONE KODACHROME. Brain. Which "tumor of small blue cells?" A. juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma B. Ewing's sarcoma * C. medulloblastoma D. metastatic oat cell carcinoma E. rhabdomyosarcoma 76. ONE KODACHROME. Brain. Your best diagnosis? * A. acute subdural hematoma B. chronic subdural hematoma C. epidural hematoma D. meningioma E. subarachnoid bleed 77. ONE KODACHROME. Brain. Your best diagnosis? A. astrocytoma B. chronic subdural hematoma C. fresh infarct * D. old infarct E. old trauma 78. ONE KODACHROME. Brain. Your best diagnosis? A. Alzheimer's B. glioblastoma * C. Parkinson's D. Pick's E. none of these 79. ONE KODACHROME. Brain. Your best diagnosis? A. astrocytoma * B. chronic subdural hematoma C. epidural hematoma D. meningitis E. meningioma 80. ONE KODACHROME. Eye. Effects of A. atheroemboli B. glaucoma * C. hypertension D. increased intracranial pressure E. multiple sclerosis 81. ONE KODACHROME. Brain. Your best diagnosis? A. herpes encephalitis B. old infarct C. polymicrogyria D. recent infarct * E. tuberous sclerosis 82. ONE KODACHROME. Skin. Your best diagnosis? A. impetigo B. lentigo maligna * C. mycosis fungoides D. superficial spreading melanoma E. zoster 83. ONE KODACHROME. Rash. Your best diagnosis A. atopic dermatitis * B. candida C. familial pemphigoid D. tinea versicolor E. zoster 84. ONE KODACHROME. Patient photo. Your best diagnosis? A. osteopetrosis B. osteosarcoma * C. Paget's of bone D. rheumatoid arthritis E. tinea versicolor 85. ONE KODACHROME. Brain. Your best diagnosis? * A. AV malformation B. chronic subdural hematoma C. glioblastoma D. old infarct E. recent infarct 86. TWO KODACHROME. Ovary, Your best diagnosis? A. clear cell cancer * B. dermoid cyst C. mucinous cystadenocarcinoma D. mucinous cystadenoma E. none of these 87. TWO KODACHROMES. Brain. Your best diagnosis? A. Alzheimer's B. herpes C. Huntington's D. old contrecoup trauma * E. Pick's 88. ONE KODACHROME. Brain. What is the most likely histology? A. abscess B. astrocytoma C. granulation tissue D. granulomas and caseous necrosis * E. schwannoma 89. ONE KODACHROME. Brain. What's accumulating in this case of metachromatic leukodystrophy? A. ganglioside B. glycocerebroside C. Lorenzo's oil * D. sulfatide E. T-cells 90. ONE KODACHROME. Brain. If this had ruptured, where would the hemorrhage have been? A. directly into the ventricle B. epidural C. intracerebral * D. subarachnoid E. subdural 91. ONE KODACHROME. Bone. Your best diagnosis? A. aleukemic leukemia B. osteoarthritis C. osteomalacia D. osteopetrosis * E. osteoporosis 92. TWO KODACHROMES. Skin. Your best diagnosis? A. amelanotic melanoma * B. basal cell carcinoma C. dermatofibroma D. herpes simplex E. squamous cell carcinoma 93. ONE KODACHROME. Bone. Your best diagnosis? A. craniosynostosis * B. hemolytic anemia C. osteopetrosis D. Paget's of bone E. plasma cell myeloma 94. ONE KODACHROME. Muscle. You suspect... A. denervation atrophy B. denervation-reinnervation C. Duchenne's D. mitochondrial disease * E. myotonic dystrophy 95. TWO KODACHROMES. Bone tumor. Your best diagnosis? A. enchondroma; note cells in lacunes B. Ewing's sarcoma C. osteoclastoma * D. osteosarcoma E. plasma cell myeloma 96. ONE KODACHROME. Gonococcal arthritis. A mucin clot test would show A. clear fluid, solid clot B. fluid turns from blue to red C. fluid turns from red to blue * D. turbid fluid, no clot E. no results, must use Thayer-Martin 97. ONE KODACHROME. Muscle. A. Duchenne's B. mitochondrial disease C. myasthenia gravis D. myotonic dystrophy * E. Werdnig-Hoffman 98. ONE KODACHROME. Try your knowledge diagnosing this soft-tissue tumor. A. alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma B. Ewing's sarcoma, extra-osseous C. myxoid liposarcoma * D. synoviosarcoma E. uh, this is a tophus 99. ONE KODACHROME. Brain. Your best diagnosis? A. abscess * B. astrocytoma C. hypertensive hemorrhage D. gumma E. tuberculosis 100. ONE KODACHROME. Skin. * A. atopic dermatitis B. lichen planus C. scabies D. urticaria pigmentosum E. zoster UHS PATHOLOGY EXAM VI 1999-2000 You may keep this exam. You are on your honor not to share it with anyone who has not taken it yet. When you have finished, hand in your scantron and get the second part. Adam blamed Eve, Eve blamed the snake, and the snake didn't have a leg to stand on. Anonymous

73. MRI Findings In Osmotic Myelinolysis - A Study Of Six Patients Osmotic myelinolysis is a distinctive clinical syndrome and has characteristicCT and MR features in the central pons (central pontine myelinolysis) and in http://www.srs.org.sg/html/day 2/scientific 1/myelin.html

MRI Findings in Osmotic Myelinolysis - A Study of Six Patients GC Chua, YY Sitoh* Department of Diagnostic Radiology Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore *Department of Neuroradiology National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore Reprint (PDF) Version of this Article OBJECTIVES Osmotic myelinolysis is a distinctive clinical syndrome and has characteristic CT and MR features in the central pons (central pontine myelinolysis) and in other locations (extrapontine myelinolysis). This study was undertaken to determine the MR appearance of these lesions in T1 weighted, T2 weighted and diffusion weighted sequences. MATERIALS AND METHODS We describe six patients who presented with deranged serum sodium levels and subsequently developed osmotic myelinolysis. CT scan and MRI scan were performed at various time interval prior and after onset of clinical signs of osmotic myelinolysis. RESULTS Low T1 and high T2 signal intensities were seen in the various sites of white matter in the cerebrum as well as the pons. Patchy enhancement of the lesions were noted. Diffusion-weighted images (DWI) were acquired for all cases, which consistently demonstrated hyperintensity in these lesions. The mechanism for the MR appearance is discussed. This has never been reported in the literature.

74. Parameters Sites of involvement (1) pons central pontine myelinolysis. (2) medullaoblongata midbrain pontine tegmentum extrapontine myelinolysis. http://www.medal.org/docs_ch17/doc_ch17.30.html

Myelinolysis Table of Contents, Chap. 17 Developing Myelinolysis Overview: Myelinolysis is more likely to occur if certain risk factors are present. Awareness of the risk factors can help prevent occurrence of this serious neurologic disorder. Risk factors: (3) presence of chronic liver disease in a patient with hyponatremia (4) history of orthotopic liver transplantation in a patient with hyponatremia where: • I am not sure if the risk for patients following orthotopic liver transplants is independent of the hyponatremia. References: Adrogue HJ Madias NE. Hyponatremia. N Engl J Med. 2000; 342: 1581-1589. Laureno R Karp BI. Myelinolysis after correction of hyponatremia. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126: 57-62. Table of Contents, Chap. 17 Myelinolysis Overview: Myelinolysis is a cerebral disorder that features myelin degeneration following correction of hyponatremia. It is distinct from demyelination and may affect neuronal elements to a lesser degree. Most cases affect the pons but other areas of the brain may be affected. Prevention and early recognition can help reduce development of serious complications. Features: (1) history of hyponatremia often with rapid sodium replacement (2) clinical findings compatible with the site of involvement (3) onset several days after correction of the hyponatremia (4) MRI shows an increased signal in the area of involvement usually symmetrical (CT scans are often negative) Sites of involvement: (1) pons: central pontine myelinolysis (2) medulla oblongata midbrain pontine tegmentum: extrapontine myelinolysis

75. NPEL: Myelin Sheath Diseases TERMS Terms you should be familiar with Dysmyelinating Leukodystrophy DemyelinatingMultiple sclerosis central pontine myelinolysis Progressive Multifocal http://www.uvm.edu/~jkessler/NP/neumyshe.htm

NEUROPATHOLOGY- DISEASES OF THE MYELIN SHEATH CATS Home About CATS CATS Teaching Modules Course Outline ... III. DEMYELINATING DISEASE VOCABULARY TERMS Terms you should be familiar with: Dysmyelinating Leukodystrophy Demyelinating Multiple sclerosis Central pontine myelinolysis Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Metachromatic Leukodystrophy Krabbe's disease Schilder's disease Alexander's disease Gamma globulin Oligoclonal bands Perivenous encephalomyelitis Post vaccinal Post infectious Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this hour are to distinguish between dysmyelinating and demyelinating diseases, to consider briefly some of the dysmyelinating diseases, to recognize that multiple sclerosis is the most important demyelinating disease, and to consider its clinical, epidemiologic, pathologic and therapeutic features. I. DISEASES OF MYELIN REPRESENT A HETEROGENEOUS GROUP OF DISORDERS The myelin sheath of the central (and sometimes peripheral) nervous system bears the brunt of the pathologic process while other neural structures are relatively spared. Using this operational definition, one should not (e.g.) consider the involvement of subcortical white matter in an infarct or contusion as a disease of myelin. Diseases of myelin can be divided into two broad groups: Dysmyelinatin- Profound disturbance in the formation and preservation of myelin so that its proper functioning is never established. These disorders are also termed leukodystrophies, and almost all of them manifest themselves early in life and are genetically determined.

76. [Dysphagia] Central Pontine Myelinosis Go M; Amino A; Shindo K; Tsunoda S; Shiozawa Z . A case of central pontine myelinolysisand extrapontine myelinolysis during rapid correction of hypernatremia. http://www.b9.com/dysphagia/2002-July/msg00357.html

77. Sociedad Argentina De Radiología Translate this page central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is a disorder with progressive neurological deterioration,characterized by pontine or extrapontine demyelinization or both. http://www.sar.org.ar/06revista/062-038.asp

Vol. 55 (1991) Vol. 56 (1992) Vol. 57 (1993) Vol. 58 (1994) ... Vol. 66 (2002) Probable mielinolisis central pontina asociada a intoxicación por órganofosforados: Hipótesis sobre una nueva etiología. Dres. Rubén P. Michaux, Adrián E. Blaustein. Resumen Concluimos que la relación causal, la evolución neurológica y los hallazgos en RM en una paciente normonatrémica, permiten proponer a la intoxicación por compuestos OF como una probable nueva etiología de MCP. Palabras clave: mielinolisis pontina; organofosforados, normonatremia, RM. Summary Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is a disorder with progressive neurological deterioration, characterized by pontine or extrapontine demyelinization or both. It is often associated with an inadequate correction of hyponatremia; hence it is also known as osmotic demyelinization syndrome. A 7 year old female patient who suffered accidental poisoning with an organic phosphor compound (Dimetoato) was studied. She showed a clinical picture compatible with brainstem damage, normonatremia, and findings highly suggestive of CPM by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), both in the acute phase as in the chronic stage. Other causes of pontine lesion were ruled out. The pathogenetic mechanisms of myelin lesion by organic phosphor compounds are briefly reviewed.

78. 5.2.b. Bibliografia. Transtornos Del Metabolismo Del Sodio 15) Tien R, Arieff AI, Kucharczyk W, Wasik A, Kucharczyk J Hyponatremic encephalopathyis central pontine myelinolysis a component? Am J Med 1992;92513522. http://www.uninet.edu/tratado/c0502b.html

1) Black RM: Diagnosis and management of hyponatremia. Intens Care Med 1989; 4:205-220. Oh MS, Carroll HJ : Disorders of sodium metabolism: hypernatremia and hyponatremia. Crit Care Med 1992;20:94-103. 3) Bakris GL, Stein JH: Sodium metabolism and maintenance of extracellular fluid volume. En: Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders. Arieff AI y De Fronzo RA, Eds.Churchill Livingston, New York, 1995. Rose BD : New approach to disturbances in the plasma sodium concentrations. Am J Med 1986;81:1033-1040. 5) De Fronzo RA, Arieff AI: Hyponatremia.En: Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders. Arieff AI y De Fronzo RA, Eds.Churchill Livingstone, New York 1995, p. 255-303 Goldberg M: Hyponatremia. Med Clin N Am 1981;65:251-270. Fraser CL, Arieff AI: Fatal central diabetes mellitus and insipidus resulting from untreated hyponatremia: a new syndrome. Ann Int Med 1990; 112: 113-119. Ladenson JH, Apple FS, Koch DD : Misleading hyponatremia due to hyperlipemia: a method-dependent error. Ann Int Med 1981;95:707-708. Chung H-M, Kluge R, Schrier RW, Anderson RJ:

79. Suicide & Parasuicide Web Site - The Suicidology Web - Neurology Vocabulary catatonic; causalgia; cavernous sinus thrombosis; central core disease of muscle;central nervous system; central pontine myelinolysis; central sleep apnoea http://www.suicide-parasuicide.rumos.com/en/resources/vocabulary/neurology/

Suicidology e-group DSM IV VOCABULARY STATISTICS PSYCHIATRY PSYCHOLOGY NEUROLOGY GLOSSARY MEDICAL DICTIONARY MEDICAL JOURNALS PALM DOCUMENTS ... SEARCH Related entries include: abasia abduction abductor absence seizure ... word blindness LAST UPDATE: TOP IMPORTANT NOTE: All information here provided is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice. You should not use information on this site to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease without consulting with a qualified healthcare provider. Please consult your healthcare provider with any questions or concerns you may have regarding your condition.

80. Immunologic Diseases Of The CNS There is up to a 20% fatality rate. With survival, recovery is usuallycomplete and there are no recurrences. central pontine myelinolysis. http://edcenter.med.cornell.edu/CUMC_PathNotes/Neuropathology/Neuropath_II/immu.

Immunologic Diseases of the CNS M ultiple S clerosis (M.S., Disseminated Sclerosis) Clinical Pathology There are multiple, sharply defined , irregularly shaped translucent, firm (i.e. sclerotic) areas of demyelination - called plaques. These are scattered throughout the grey and white matter; often the periventricular white matter is affected in a roughly symmetrical fashion - involving both sides of the brain. The optic nerve, medulla/pons , middle cerebellar penducles, and dorsal columns of spinal cord are characteristically involved. The earliest foci of demyelination are around small veins and venules (perivenous demyelination) ; often there is a perivascular accumulation of mononuclear cells and lymphocytes . These foci expand to form the plaques (LFB stain). Within the plaques, one sees loss of myelin sheaths, depletion of oligodendrocytes, fibrillary astrocytosis, and accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages (myelin breakdown products). Axons are spared. Attempts at remyelination may occur. Variants of MS Devic's Disease (Neuromyelitis Optica) Combination of visual failure and paraplegia, due to demyelination of the optic nerves and spinal cord. Lesions are occasionally necrotizing.

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