21. MEDLINEplus: Birth Control/Contraception Search MEDLINE for recent research articles on • Birth Control/contraception.You may also be interested in these MEDLINEplus related http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/birthcontrolcontraception.html

Skip navigation Other health topics: A B C D ... List of All Topics Birth Control/Contraception Contents of this page: News General/Overviews Research Organizations ... Teenagers Search MEDLINE for recent research articles on Birth Control/Contraception You may also be interested in these MEDLINEplus related pages: Teen Sexual Health Men's Health Pregnancy and Reproduction Women's Health Latest News Sperm May "Smell" Their Way to the Egg (03/27/2003, Reuters Health) Vaginal Ring Gets U.S. Approval (03/21/2003, Reuters Health) Morning-after Pill Curbs Pregnancy, Not Condom Use (03/19/2003, Reuters Health) FDA Proposes New Warning for Over-the-Counter Contraceptive Drugs Containing Nonoxynol-9 (01/16/2003, Food and Drug Administration) More News on Birth Control/Contraception General/Overviews Birth Control (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) Birth Control Guide (Food and Drug Administration) Planning Your Family (National Center for Farmworker Health) Also available in: Spanish What Kind of Birth Control Is Best for You? (Food and Drug Administration) Also available in: Spanish Clinical Trials Clinical Trials: Contraception (CenterWatch, Inc.) - industry-sponsored clinical trials

22. Parthenon Publishing, Medical: The European Journal Of Contraception And Reprodu The Official Journal of the European Society of contraception, The European Journalof contraception and Reproductive Health Care publishes original peer http://www.parthpub.com/contra/home.html

The Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception, The European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care publishes original peer-reviewed research papers as well as review papers and other appropriate educational material. The Editors welcome submissions from members of the European Society of Contraception and also from non-members anywhere in the world. Editor in Chief George Creatsas Greece Editors Carmen Coll Capdevila Spain Sven O. Skouby Denmark The Board of Specialty Editors ISSN: 1362-5187 Published quarterly Volume 8, 2003 - March to December Indexed in EMBASE/Excerpta Medica, Index Medicus/MEDLINE and Chemical Abstracts The abstracts of articles from Volume 6 to date can now be accessed through our on-line website . In addition, subscribers to The European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care may also have access to the full-text articles through the same site. Contraception and Reproductive Health Care Volume 8, 2003: March

23. Contraception - Sexuality Delving into the world of birth control. Offers a short discussion on the different methods with images.Category Health Reproductive Health Birth Control......contraception. contraception or birth control, refers to the manyways in which people control their reproductive capacity. One of http://sexuality.about.com/library/weekly/aa040797.htm

zfp=-1 About Sexuality Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Sexuality with Apply Now Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS Sexuality Bookstore Body Basics Contraceptive Chooser ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Contraception Contraception or birth control , refers to the many ways in which people control their reproductive capacity. One of the functions of intercourse is the furthering of the species. However, with the wide availability of contraception , sex has become unlinked from its purely biological capacity and has increasingly become, instead, a means of personal expression, intimacy, and enjoyment. We have come a long way from the days of ancient Egypt when women used to place crocodile dung in their vaginas as a primitive form of spermicide. Today, there many safe and effective birth control methods. Remember that making a decision about the form of contraception you will use is an important one and one in which you need to take several factors, including your own feelings, into account. The best form of birth control is the one that you will use effectively and consistently.

24. Methods Of Contraception And Birth Control Your Ato-Z guide to the most common forms of birth control and contraception.Category Health Reproductive Health Birth Control...... http://sexuality.about.com/health/sexuality/library/weekly/aa101600.htm

zfp=-1 About Sexuality Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Sexuality with Apply Now Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS Sexuality Bookstore Body Basics Contraceptive Chooser ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Contraception Guide Your A-to-Z guide to the most common forms of birth control and contraception. Cervical Cap Contraceptive Foam Copper T IUD Depo-Provera ... Vasectomy Do you have something to say about contraception? Share your thoughts on the sexuality message boards or chat about it with others! And don't forget to subscribe to Sexuality Snippets, our weekly sexuality newsletter. More Features Email this page! Sponsored Links Top-Rated Penis Enlargement Pills Guaranteed results or your money back. Herbal pills are doctor-approved and will add 1-3 inches in 60 days. Have a longer thicker penis, harder erections and better sex. Don't pass this up! http://www.viacyn.com/

25. Epigee Birth Control Guide A guide to birth control and sexuality. Discusses condoms, the pill, sponge, natural methods, STD's, Category Society Sexuality Sex Education...... Anatomy • Ovulation • Conception Contraceptive Effectiveness • Birth ControlComparisons • Risks Safe Sex • contraception Failure • Unplanned http://www.epigee.org/guide/

Don't Run Out! BIRTH CONTROL BASICS Reproductive Anatomy Ovulation Conception Contraceptive Effectiveness ... Birth Control Resources The information provided here is designed to help you make an informed decision about birth control. Only safe, appropriate methods that genuinely prevent conception are recommended. Whichever method of birth control you choose, remember that, aside from abstinence, all birth control methods sometimes fail, even if used properly and consistently. Nonetheless, if you are sexually active, good contraception can greatly reduce your chances of pregnancy. Unless otherwise noted, the statistics used here are gathered from studies of couples initiating a particular method of birth control for one year. Out of 100 women, the failure rate is the number of women who became pregnant using exclusively the birth control method indicated. Failure rates tend to be lower for couples who are married or have used the particular method of birth control in the past. BIRTH CONTROL METHODS Spermicides Condoms Male Condoms Proper Condom Use ... Was is Abstinence?

26. SALON Features: Contraceptive Museum Salon Magazine reviews a Toronto museum dedicated to the history of the prevention of pregnancy.Category Society History By Topic Science Medicine......A visit to the Museum of contraception. The world contains many museums of erotica(the largest is in Amsterdam), but just one Museum of contraception. http://www.salon1999.com/07/features/contra.html

A visit to the Museum of Contraception By SUSAN McCARTHY Photographs by Janssen-Ortho/Toronto, Canada T he world contains many museums of erotica (the largest is in Amsterdam), but just one Museum of Contraception. I was alerted to its existence by a paragraph in "Where TORONTO," a freebie magazine I found in a hotel room last May; the notice seemingly attracted no one but me. Skipping the Sky Dome, the CN Tower, and museums of ceramics, sugar, and shoes, I made an appointment to view the museum, located at the Janssen-Ortho Pharmaceutical Company, manufacturer of contraceptive products. I was the only visitor that day, alone and captivated. Although the museum consists of fewer than a dozen display cases in a quiet hallway, the cases are full of unusual, impressive objects and labels with sonorous language, all testifying to the utter human determination to unlink sex from its most obvious end. I took out my notebook and wrote "Occlusator Anticoncipiens et Prophylacticum." "Barbasco dioscorea composita." "Sanitary G.U. Bag." There were actual exhibits of contraceptive methods outlined in the Ebers Papyrus (1550 BCE), by Al-Razi (860-930) and Avicenna (980-1037). Acacia. Crocodile dung. Queen Anne's Lace.

27. About Contraception (What Methods Are Available And How To Use Them) devoted to the enlightenment of adults about human sexuality as it applies to suchissues as aids/hiv, anal sex, cunnilingus, contraception, sex definitions Category Mature Content http://www.minou.com/aboutsex/contraception.htm

About SEX About Contraception Compare Effectiveness for Pregnancy Prevention (Percentages based on the number of pregnancies per 100 women during one year of use *) Click on a method for more information Method Sterilization Norplant Depo-Provera IUD ... Cervical Cap (has had children) Typical Use Perfect Use * Source: Contraceptive Technologies, updated from J. Trussell, R.A. Hatcher, F.H. Stewart, and K. Kost "Contraceptive Failures in the United States: An Update, "Studies in Family Planning 21 [1], 1990. Condom How it works Covers penis and stops sperm from going into vagina Some condom brands have lubrication on them which destroys sperm How it's used Rolled on erect penis to the base before penis gets near vagina or other body opening Room is left at tip of condom to collect sperm. Condom is held on penis when it's pulled out of vagina to keep sperm from going into vagina. Each condom is used only once. Avoid use of oil-based lubricants such as petroleum jelly, baby oil and hand lotion. Use a latex condom.

28. Publications - Position Papers - Emergency Contraception American Medical Womens Association position paper.Category Society Issues Family Planning Emergency contraception......POSITION STATEMENT ON EMERGENCY contraception. 1 Barrier methods of contraceptionhave failure rates during the first year of typical use from 12% to 21%. http://www.amwa-doc.org/publications/Position_Papers/contraception.htm

POSITION STATEMENT ON EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION Founded in 1915, the American Medical Women's Association (AMWA) - a national medical organization of 10,000 women physicians - is dedicated to promoting women's health and furthering the professional development and well-being of women in medicine. AMWA's mission includes strong support of sound policies and programs to improve women's health. AMWA believes that the number of unintended pregnancies in the United States (3.2 million annually ) is unacceptably high and have a detrimental impact on women's health. AMWA should support programs that reduce the rate of unintended pregnancies, as these will improve women's health. About half (1.7 million annually) of unintended pregnancies are the result of contraceptive failure. Barrier methods of contraception have failure rates during the first year of typical use from 12% to 21%. Condoms and diaphragms can slip during use and an estimated 1.5% of condoms break. In addition to contraceptive failure, unintended pregnancies may result when women do not have control over the timing of sexual intercourse or the use of contraception.

29. Contraception contraception. A Look at the Words Abortion, contraception Words alone oftensay a lot. The words abortion and contraception are no exception. http://www.catholic-forum.com/luxveritatis/donumsanctum/contraception.htm

"Every action which, whether in anticipation of the conjugal act, or in its accomplishment, or in the development of its natural consequences, proposes, whether as an end or as a means, to render procreation impossible is intrinsically evil." Catechism (Quoting Humanae Vitae , an encyclical by Pope Paul VI) Contraception Contraception is considered a sin because it denies both the unitive and procreative aspects of sexual union. Contraception adds an artificial element to a natural, loving act, and in doing so, it removes God from the act of procreation. At the same time, the Catholic Church does NOT say you must have sex only to have children. The Church advocates the use of Natural Family Planning to regulate pregnancies: Periodic continence [abstinence], that is, the methods of birth regulation based on self-observation and the use of infertile periods, is in conformity with the objective criteria of morality. These methods respect the bodies of the spouses, encourage tenderness between them, and favor the education of an authentic freedom. ( Catechism Humanae Vitae: A Challenge to Love by Janet E. Smith

30. A Confession About Contraception A Confession about contraception. However, the use of contraception has always beenconsidered by the Church to be a grave sin against the sanctity of marriage. http://www.catholic-forum.com/luxveritatis/donumsanctum/confess.htm

The question we posed our teacher could be rephrased in this way: Would you rather have us wear dark clothes while robbing a house, or would you rather us spend 15 years in prison? A Confession about Contraception I have not always understood Catholic teaching on some points, largely because I formerly had little interest in understanding the teaching. Younger Days In theology class at my Catholic high school, a classmate of mine speaking on behalf of all of us asked our teacher: "Would you rather have people using contraception or would you rather have a bunch of pregnant teenagers?" "I’d rather have unmarried people staying out of bed," the teacher responded. This reaction and the way our question was worded demonstrated that we had become part of a society of ill morality. The question we posed our teacher could be rephrased in this way: Would you rather have us wear dark clothes while robbing a house, or would you rather us spend 15 years in prison? There is no right answer given those two choices. A moral theologian cannot answer such a question without a third option: "I’d rather you not sin."

31. Nat'l Academies Press, The Whole Truth About Contraception: (1997), Table Of Con Booklength report from National Academy Press.Category Health Reproductive Health Birth Control......The Whole Truth About contraception A Guide to Safe and Effective Choices (1997)Joseph Henry Press (JHP) Related Books, Buy from Catalog or View Catalog Entry. http://www.nap.edu/books/030905494X/html/

The Whole Truth About Contraception: A Guide to Safe and Effective Choices Joseph Henry Press ( JHP Related Books Openbook Linked Table of Contents FRONT MATTER, pp. i-x INTRODUCTION, pp. 1-6 1 THE BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION, pp. 7-20 2 THE MALE CONDOM, pp. 21-33 3 THE FEMALE CONDOM, pp. 34-42 4 THE DIAPHRAGM, pp. 43-56 5 THE CERVICAL CAP, pp. 57-71 6 SPERMICIDES, pp. 72-82 7 THE PILL: COMBINED ORAL CONTRAC..., pp. 83-109 8 THE PILL: PROGESTIN-ONLY PILLS ..., pp. 110-120 9 NORPLANT, pp. 121-133 10 DEPO-PROVERA, pp. 134-140 11 INTRAUTERINE DEVICES (IUDs), pp. 141-160 12 FEMALE STERILIZATION: TUBAL OC..., pp. 161-178 13 MALE STERILIZATION: VASECTOMY, pp. 179-190 14 CYCLE-BASED FERTILITY AWARENES..., pp. 191-206 15 WITHDRAWAL, pp. 207-211 16 EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION, pp. 212-222 17 BREASTFEEDING AND CONTRACEPTIO..., pp. 223-230 18 ABORTION, pp. 231-258 SOURCES, pp. 259-266 INDEX, pp. 267-274 FRONT MATTER i-x INTRODUCTION 1 THE BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION 2 THE MALE CONDOM 3 THE FEMALE CONDOM ... INDEX The Open Book page image presentation framework is not designed to replace printed books. Rather, it is a free, browsable, nonproprietary, fully and deeply searchable version of the publication which we can inexpensively and quickly produce to make the material available worldwide. For most effective printing, use the "print" button available on each OpenBook page's tool block. The 300 x 150 dpi PDF linked to it is printable on your local printer.

32. Birth Control & Contraception For Teenagers contraception and birth control methods suitable for teens are described including condoms, contraceptive Category Kids and Teens Teen Life Teen Sexuality contraception...... Are there many different methods of contraception? How do you know which one to choose?Where do you get contraceptives from? Barrier methods of contraception. http://www.avert.org/cpills.htm

Home Search About Avert Donate here ... Links What is birth control? Birth control means things you can do to ensure that pregnancy only happens if and when you want it to. Birth control can mean abstinence. Abstinence is deciding not to do something, and abstaining from having sexual intercourse will ensure that pregnancy does not occur. Birth control can also mean using a method of contraception to ensure that pregnancy does not occur when you do have sexual intercourse. What causes a girl to become pregnant? Having sexual intercourse ... when a boy's hard penis goes inside a girl's vagina - or even just touches the outside of her vagina ... is what leads to pregnancy. (There is more information on another page about having sexual intercourse for the first time Usually, sometime between the ages of 11 and 15, a girl begins to have periods. This shows that the ovaries have begun to produce eggs. An egg is released every month. If it does not meet up with sperm which comes out of the boy's penis during intercourse it dies. Then it leaves the body in the blood which comes out through the vagina during a girl's period every month. If a girl has sexual intercourse with a boy - and neither of them uses contraception, then the girl could become pregnant and a baby will begin to grow inside her womb.

33. La Contraception : Les Divers Choix Possibles Translate this page même façon. Pendant les 7 jours d'arrêt les règles surviennent,( la contraception reste efficace pendant cet arrêt. ). L'effet http://www.ping.be/planning-familial/pill.html

'); document.write( ' '); document.write( ' Chercher sur le Site par Mot clef Mot(s) exact(s) Les raisons du choix Les alternatives Qu'est ce que c'est? Dosage ... Spermicides nocifs dans les Préservatifs Choix : Le choix d'un contraceptif est généralement celui de la femme ou du couple. Néanmoins, au cours de la consultation il importe de pouvoir guider ce choix 1.1 Les raisons du choix en fonction du passé médical de la patiente et de ses attentes S'agit-il d'une contraception temporaire de grande efficacité et réversible ou d'une simple pause entre deux naissances ? Le choix initial doit tenir compte d'une contre-indication médicale ou d'une autre possibilité contraceptive plus adaptée à la demande. Il s'agit en fait d'un dialogue entre les patients et le médecin : rien ne s'impose, tout se discute et se choisit. haut 1.2 Les alternatives la contraception peut bloquer temporairement l'ovulation. C'est la pilule contraceptive empêcher la rencontre entre spermatozoïde et ovule par l'usage de certaines pilules qui rendent la glaire plus ou moins imperméable sans bloquer l'ovulation ( elles sont moins fiables que la pilule contraceptive classique ) ; les spermicides ; les préservatifs; le diaphragme ;

34. Contraception Methods - The Pill, Condoms, Diaphragms And Caps Concise factsheet explaining effective methods of contraception, from the UK health insurance firm .Category Health Reproductive Health Birth Control......All types of contraception can be reliable, but the effectiveness of some methodsdepends on using them properly BUPA health factsheet. www.bupa.co.uk. http://hcd2.bupa.co.uk/fact_sheets/Mosby_factsheets/contraception.html

search A-Z of health health news healthy living medicines ... A-Z of health Non-hormonal contraception Published by BUPA's Health Information Team November, 2002 Download this factsheet Contraception aims to prevent sexual intercourse from causing pregnancy. This factsheet outlines the non-hormonal methods. For more information on alternatives such as the pill, see the separate BUPA factsheet on hormonal contraception. Non-hormonal contraception works by either preventing sperm fertilising an egg, or preventing the implantation of a fertilised egg into the lining of the womb. The main methods are: barrier methods, intra uterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs), natural family planning, sterilisation. Barrier methods These are physical barriers that stop the sperm coming into contact with the egg, thereby preventing fertilisation. Male condom A condom is a thin sheath, usually made out of latex, which is rolled onto an erect penis before sexual contact. They should not be used with an oil-based lubricant, such as Vaseline, because this can cause the latex to break down. Water-based lubricants, such as K-Y Jelly, and spermicidal creams or pessaries are safe. After sex, the condom should be checked for leaks and tears before being discarded (don’t flush condoms down the toilet). If there is a problem, emergency contraception (the "morning after" pill), may be needed. For more information on this, see the factsheet on hormonal contraception.

35. JAMWA - Journal Of American Medical Women's Association; Emergency contraception, Fall 1998 Vol. 53, No. 5, JAMWA is happy to provide thecomplete Emergency contraception Supplement online for free to Internet users. http://jamwa.amwa-doc.org/vol53/toc53_5.html

Choose: About JAMWA and AMWA Information for Contributors Past and Upcoming Issues Advertising with JAMWA Buy Current Issue Medical Abortion Home Emergency Contraception Chat Listservs Forum Links ... Order Form Click on the PDF icon for the full-text PDF. This issue only: Free full-text articles! Need help viewing PDF's? Visit Adobe's web site and download the free Acrobat Reader Emergency Contraception Fall 1998 Vol. 53, No. 5 JAMWA is happy to provide the complete Emergency Contraception Supplement online for free to Internet users. To obtain other issues of JAMWA, click here Table of Contents Editorial: Emergency Contraception: A Modality Whose Time Has Come Allan Rosenfield, MD Full-Text Article Emergency Contraception: A Global Overview Elizabeth Westley, MPH. Fully Hyperlinked Article Research on Mifepristone and Levonorgestrel in Comparison with the Yuzpe Regimen Helena von Hertzen, MD, DDS Fully Hyperlinked Article Twelve Brands of Emergency Contraceptive Pills in the United States PDF Only Safety of Emergency Contraception Anna Glasier, MD

36. FISHER: Ancient Contraception CLASSICS IRELAND. 1996 Volume 3 University College Dublin, Ireland. LaserQuestsUnnoticed allusions to contraception in a poet and a princeps? Nick Fisher1. http://www.ucd.ie/~classics/96/Fisher96.html

CLASSICS IRELAND 1996 Volume 3 University College Dublin, Ireland Laser- Quests Unnoticed allusions to contraception in a poet and a princeps? Nick Fisher University of Wales Cardiff Lesbia's Laser Quaeris, quot mihi basiationes tuae, Lesbia, sint satis superque. quam magnus numerus Libyssae harenae lasarpiciferis iacet Cyrenis oraclum Iovis inter aestuosi et Batti veteris sacrum sepulcrum; aut quam sidera multa, cum tacet nox, furtivos hominum uident amores: tam te basia basiare vesano satis et super Catullo est, quae nec pernumerare curiosi possint nec mala fascinare lingua. You ask, how many kisses of yours are enough, Lesbia, for me and to spare. As great a number as of Libyan sands which lie at lasar- bearing Cyrene between the oracle of sweltering Jove and the sacred sepulchre of ancient Battus; or as many as the stars, when night is silent, which watch the secret loves of humans: to kiss you so many kisses is enough and to spare for insane Catullus, which the envious busybodies cannot count up nor the evil tongue weave spells on. (Catullus 7) Scholars in the last forty years or so, rightly seeking the influence and style of the great Alexandrian poet Callimachus in this poem, have plausibly identified a large number of allusions and witticisms in these apparently simple lines. A prime reason for the choice of these particular Libyan sands as an image of innumerability no doubt connects Cyrene, the sixth-century foundation as a Greek colony by Battus from Thera

37. MCIP: Male Contraception Information Project Boston Women's Health Book Collective Male contraception Information Project (MCIP). Copyright© Elaine Lissner and the Male contraception Information Project. http://www.gumption.org/mcip/

Boston Women's Health Book Collective Male Contraception Information Project (MCIP) Elaine Lissner, MCIP Director We speak of a "contraceptive supermarket" for women - the concept that since no one method is right for everybody, a variety of methods should be available (Djerassi 1981). We argue that the pill's unsuitability for older women doesn't mean it should be kept from younger women; that the diaphragm is right for some women despite its messiness and restriction of spontaneity; that the sponge's relatively low effectiveness rate doesn't mean it should be taken off the shelf. But when we think about contraceptive availability this way and what contraceptive supermarket is available to men, the answer is that only three purely male methods exist - withdrawal, the condom, and vasectomy (male sterilization). This contrasts with the list for women- the diaphragm, the sponge, IUDs, the pill, cervical caps, "morning after" pills, Norplant, Depo Provera, natural methods, ovulation detectors, the female condom, foams, jellies, suppositories, sterilization, and more (Hatcher et al. 1990, Chap. 8). And when we consider that of the three male methods withdrawal has low effectiveness, the condom faces psychological resistance and a 3-15% failure rate, and vasectomy is not reliably reversible (Engelmann et al. 1990, Hargreave 1992), the selection for men seems paltry indeed. But there ARE more methods for men. They are just not widely known or widely available. Each has a clear advantage over current contraceptives (male and female) in one or more areas of safety, effectiveness, convenience, reversibility, and avoidance of surgery.

38. Birth Control Feminist Women's Health Center's information on using pills and IUDs to prevent pregnancy after unprotect Category Health Reproductive Health Emergency contraception......Emergency contraception. Must be used within 72 hours (3 days) ofintercourse. What is Emergency contraception? Pregnancy can be http://www.fwhc.org/birth-control/ecinfo.htm

Emergency Contraception Must be used within 72 hours (3 days) of intercourse What is Emergency Contraception? Pregnancy can be prevented after intercourse by taking Emergency Contraceptive pills (EC). EC is commonly known as the "Morning After" Pill. It works by giving the body a short, high, burst of synthetic hormones. This disrupts hormone patterns needed for pregnancy. EC disturbs the ovaries and the development of the uterine lining, making pregnancy less likely. EC is used within 72 hours (3 days) after intercourse. It is most effective within the first 24 hours. Emergency Contraception reduces the risk of pregnancy by 75%. EC does not protect against reproductive tract infections, including HIV/AIDS. Use Cautions Side Effects Danger Signs ... Further References Use The first dose of EC is taken within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse. The second dose is taken 12 hours later. EC may be taken after 72 hours, but its effectiveness is much lower. Plan B is one brand of EC. It has two progesterone pills. Birth control pills that have both estrogen and progesterone can also be used for EC. Choose only one type of pill to take for EC. The chart below contains the dosage information for some common brands of birth control pills. Some birth control packages have several different colors. It is important to take the exact color on this chart. Brands not listed have not been tested for their effectiveness.

39. The Role Of Contraception In Reducing Abortion, 1998 Review of statistics on the relationship of contraceptive use to abortion rates.Category Society Issues Family Planning......Issues in Brief. THE ROLE OF contraception IN REDUCING ABORTION. Data from the UnitedStates illustrate how contraception reduces abortion on a personal level. http://www.agi-usa.org/pubs/ib19.html

Issues in Brief THE ROLE OF CONTRACEPTION IN REDUCING ABORTION F ollowing the 1994 election, which gave social conservatives a majority in the U.S. House of Representatives for the first time in 40 years, emboldened leaders of the antiabortion movement began to campaign openly against government-subsidized family planning programs. In a preview of the legislative assaults to come against both the international and domestic programs, House Pro-Life Caucus Chairman Christopher Smith (R-NJ) declared in January 1995 that he opposed U.S.-supported family planning efforts abroad because they lead to "abortion activism" and, by implication, result in more rather than fewer abortions. In the two and a half years since Smith's comment, the proponents of this view have sowed sufficient doubt among enough policymakers about the role of family planning programs domestically and internationally to disrupt a decades-long political consensus. Previously, all but a very small minority considered self-evident the view that better access to and more effective use of contraceptives are necessary to reduce the incidence of abortion. Fundamentally, the relationship between contraceptive use and abortion is explained by a single phenomenon: the inexorable and universal trend toward couples' wanting, and having, smaller families and trying to time the birth of their children to best advantage. Acknowledgment of this reality is important, since an individual's decision to practice contraception or to have an abortion stems from this same goal.

40. Provider Attitudes Toward Dispensing Emergency Contraception In Michigan's Title Article in Family Planning Perspectives (Joseph Winchester Brown and Matthew L. Boulton) describes Category Society Issues Family Planning Emergency contraception......Provider Attitudes Toward Dispensing Emergency contraception in Michigan's TitleX Programs. ECPs are primarily a form of contraception, 26, 36, 19, 19, 100. http://www.agi-usa.org/pubs/journals/3103999.html

Volume 31, No. 1, January/February 1999 Provider Attitudes Toward Dispensing Emergency Contraception in Michigan's Title X Programs By Joseph Winchester Brown and Matthew L. Boulton T he efficacy and potential side effects of emergency contraceptive pills have been documented. Until recently, however, the method was relatively obscure. Largely because opponents of the method equate it with abortion, pharmaceutical companies were reluctant to apply to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for a license to package and market birth control pills specifically for emergency contraception; thus, the method consisted of off-label use of birth control pills, the number depending on the formulation used. Although some physicians have prescribed the method in this way since the 1970s, few studies have addressed the method's availability and dispensation, or providers' attitudes about it. But overall use of this method has been low, and for years, its characterization as the "nation's best-kept secret" seemed appropriate. Despite the lack of any licensing applications, the FDA's Reproductive Health Drug and Urologic Product Advisory Committee initiated action in June 1996 by unanimously declaring emergency contraceptive pills a safe and effective way to prevent pregnancy if taken in recommended dosages up to 72 hours after unprotected intercourse. In February 1997, the FDA published dosage information for six pill brands; although the agency stopped short of requiring pill manufacturers to relabel their products with instructions for emergency use, the notice was "intended to encourage manufacturers to make this additional contraceptive option available."

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