1. Centers For Disease Control- Diptheria - Baby Bag® Online Baby Bag Header. diptheria. from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.March 9, 1995 CDC IMMUNIZATION INFORMATION DIPHTHERIA OVERVIEW http://www.babybag.com/articles/cdc_dip.htm

Diptheria from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention March 9, 1995 CDC IMMUNIZATION INFORMATION DIPHTHERIA OVERVIEW The Disease Years ago, diphtheria was a widespread and greatly feared disease. Through the 1920's it struck about 150,000 people a year, and killed about 15,000 of them. Since then, these figures have dropped considerably, thanks to parents who have gotten their children immunized against this terrible disease. There were only 918 cases in 1960, 435 in 1970, and 128 in 1976. Today, only a few cases occur each year. Diphtheria is caused by a germ that lives in the mouth, throat, and nose of an infected person. It is easily passed to others through coughing or sneezing. Early symptoms of diphtheria are a sore throat, a slight fever, and chills. Usually, the disease develops in the throat. It can make it hard to swallow and even cause the patient to suffocate. Some people may be infected but not appear ill. They can also spread the infection. If diphtheria is not properly treated, or not treated in time, the bacteria may produce a powerful poison. This poison can spread throughout the body causing serious complications such as heart failure or paralysis. About 1 person in 10 who gets diphtheria dies from it. Immunization Diphtheria vaccine is usually given together with tetanus and pertussisvaccines in a shot called DTP. You can read about DTP vaccine on page .

2. Diptheria Hub A brief definition of diptheria, followed by links to overviews, research articles, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. http://www.healthubs.com/diptheria

Diptheria is an acute, potentially life threatening, bacterial disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Symptoms can include a grayish colored membrane on the throat, sore throat, fever, swollen lymph glands, and skin lesions. The incubation period is 2-5 days. Diptheria by MEDLINEplus Medical Encyclopedia - updated by David N. Fisman, M.D., M.P.H., FRCP(C). Hamilton Department of Social and Public Health Services, and McMaster University Division of Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Corynebacterium diptheriae (causes Diptheria) - from the Community Outreach Health Information System, Boston University Medical Center. Diptheria In The Former Soviet Union: Reemergence of a Pandemic Disease - by Charles R. Vitek and Melinda Wharton, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Diptheria by West Virginia University Diptheria by the Loyola University Health System Tetanus and Diptheria Vaccine (Td) - from University Health Services, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati. Corynebacteria diptheria Diptheria, Tetanus, and Td Vaccine

3. Diptheria diptheria Disease and Epidemiology. Disease. Epidemiologyof diptheria. Vaccine Schedule. http://www.brown.edu/Courses/Bio_160/Projects2000/CommunityHealth/html/diptheria

Diptheria: Disease and Epidemiology Disease Epidemiology of Diptheria Vaccine Schedule Home ... Links This web site was developed by undergraduate students at Brown University as a project for a course in vaccine development (Bio 160). An effort has been made to present information on the prevalent opinions available at this time. References to published articles and acknowledgements of other sources are cited in the text. The authors of this web site are not certified medical professionals. Biomedical research and clinical medicine are constantly evolving fields, thus it is possible that significant advances in research and treatments will come into existence following posting of this web site.

4. Diptheria EDCP Mission/Vision General Information on Bioterrorism Bioterrorism Information for Health Care Providers Communicable Disease Fact Sheets Communicable Disease Guidelines Communicable Disease Surveillance Immunization Outbreak Investigation http://www.edcp.org/html/diptheria.html

EDCP Mission/Vision General Information on Bioterrorism Bioterrorism Information for Health Care Provide rs ... ImmuNet Diphtheria Current Case Definition for Surveillance The current clinical case definition of diphtheria for surveillance purposes is: "An upper respiratory tract illness characterized by sore throat, low-grade fever, and an adherent membrane of the tonsils(s), pharynx, and/or nose." Beginning in 1980, cutaneous diphtheria was excluded from reporting in the United States. A laboratory criterion for diagnosis involves either isolation of the organism from a clinical specimen or a histopathologic diagnosis of diphtheria. A confirmed case is one that is clinically compatible and either laboratory confirmed or epidemiologically linked to a laboratory-confirmed case. Photo Courtesy of the Centers for Disease Contro l Immunization The diphtheria toxoid was developed in 1921, came into use in the early 1930's, and into widespread use in the United States in diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine (DTP) from the mid 1940's. While adequate studies of clinical efficacy are lacking, a protective level of antitoxin is reached in over 95% of young children following the primary series of four toxoid doses.

5. Diptheria Epidemiology Epidemiology of diptheria. Whoís at risk? More prevalent in temperatezones. outbreak of diptheria began in 1990 in the Russian Federation. http://www.brown.edu/Courses/Bio_160/Projects2000/CommunityHealth/html/diptheria

Epidemiology of Diptheria Whoís at risk? Unimmunized adults Inadequately immunized adults older persons Persons of Native American background Persons of lower economic strata How many cases per year? United States: From 1980-1999 only 49 cases (average of 3 cases per year) Prevalence of infection Generally worldwide: More prevalent in temperate zones outbreak of diptheria began in 1990 in the Russian Federation by 1994, all 15 Newly Independent States were affected mostly adult were infected United States: in the southeast during the winter time highest incidence rates have been in states with a significant population of Native Americans no geographic concentration of cases s currently observed Of the 49 cases of diptheria observed from 1980-1999, 40 cases were reported with known age (most cases occurred in unimmunized or inadequately immunized persons) Trends in the United States In the 1920s, 100,000-200,000 cases of diptheria (140-150 cases per 100,000 population) and 13,000-15000 deaths were reported each year. The number of cases gradually fell to about 19,000 in 1945 (15 cases per 100,000 population). A more rapid decrease began with the introduction and use of toxoid in the late 1940s. From 1970-1979 an average of 196 cases per year were reported. And from 1980-1999, only 49 cases were reported in the United States (an average of 3 per year).

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7. Show HD Leaflets Explains when and what vaccines to get in order to avoid catching diphtheria and tetanus. Includes possible side effects of vaccines. diptheria, Tetanus Pertussis (DTP DTaP) Vaccines http://www.healthtouch.com/bin/EContent_HT/showAllLfts.asp?lftname=CDC175&cid=HT

8. Diptheria Diphtheria. Current Case Definition for Surveillance The current clinicalcase definition of diphtheria for surveillance purposes http://edcp.org/html/diptheria.html

EDCP Mission/Vision General Information on Bioterrorism Bioterrorism Information for Health Care Provide rs ... ImmuNet Diphtheria Current Case Definition for Surveillance The current clinical case definition of diphtheria for surveillance purposes is: "An upper respiratory tract illness characterized by sore throat, low-grade fever, and an adherent membrane of the tonsils(s), pharynx, and/or nose." Beginning in 1980, cutaneous diphtheria was excluded from reporting in the United States. A laboratory criterion for diagnosis involves either isolation of the organism from a clinical specimen or a histopathologic diagnosis of diphtheria. A confirmed case is one that is clinically compatible and either laboratory confirmed or epidemiologically linked to a laboratory-confirmed case. Photo Courtesy of the Centers for Disease Contro l Immunization The diphtheria toxoid was developed in 1921, came into use in the early 1930's, and into widespread use in the United States in diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine (DTP) from the mid 1940's. While adequate studies of clinical efficacy are lacking, a protective level of antitoxin is reached in over 95% of young children following the primary series of four toxoid doses.

9. Diptheria Diphtheria Diseases Quotes Articles Diphtheria by Hilary Butler Diphtheria byJohn Tilden MD Treatment of epidemics with Homeopathy by Julian Winston. http://www.whale.to/v/diptheria.html

Diphtheria Diseases Quotes Articles: Diphtheria by Hilary Butler Diphtheria by John Tilden MD Treatment of epidemics with Homeopathy by Julian Winston Vaccines: Diphtheria vaccines DPT/DT/DTPH/aP vaccines Diphtheria vaccine deaths 1919-1948 Deaths decline: Statistics Graphs Diphtheria deaths graph (USA) Home

10. Diptheria Death Graph USA diptheria death graph USA USA stats diptheria. http://www.whale.to/a/stats-dip.html

Diptheria death graph USA USA stats Diptheria

11. BioSpace : CCIS : Search Results For Indication = 'Diptheria/pertussis/tetanus' 13 Search Results for Indication = 'diptheria/pertussis/tetanus'. PatientsSee Clinical Research Studies currently enrolling patients http://www.biospace.com/ccis/search.cfm?RXTargetID=77

12. BioSpace News: Diptheria/pertussis/tetanus products, please log in above or subscribe. BioSpace News diptheria/pertussis/tetanus.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.biospace.com/ccis/news_rxtarget.cfm?RXTargetID=77

13. Diptheria diptheria. Acute bacterial fever. If diptheria is suspected, consultyour doctor if there is no improvement in 12 hours. Conventional http://www.drlockie.com/disease/dipther.htm

Diptheria Acute bacterial infection of the throat (larynx, pharynx, tonsils), once common but now rare due to immunization and improved hygiene. Toxins produced by diptheria bacteria destroy mucous membranes lining throat, giving them a grey, veil-like appearance, and causing swelling of underlying tissues. As membranes slough off and tissues swell, breathing may be obstructed. Toxins can also damage nervous system (see Neuritis ) and affect heart. First signs are Fever Headache Sore throat , and swollen glands in neck; later signs may be obstructed breathing, irregular pulse, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing or focusing. Incubation is 2-6 days, but child remains infectious for at least 10 days after onset of fever. If diptheria is suspected, consult your doctor if there is no improvement in 12 hours . Conventional treatment is penicillin and injections of anti-toxin serum. Specific remedy to be taken hourly until help arrives Mercurius cyan. 30c Immunization Both homeopathic and orthodox medicine offer immunization based on the diptheria bacteria ( Corynebacterium diptheriae ) or its toxins. Orthodox immunization is usually part of 'triple' immunization, which boosts resistance to tetanus and

14. Diptheria diptheria This disease is caused by a bacteria that produces a toxin. Even ifdiptheria is treated properly, 1 out of every 10 infected persons die. http://www.biologymom.com/Disease/diptheria.htm

Diptheria This disease is caused by a bacteria that produces a toxin. A toxin is a small protein that the bacteria makes which is like a poison. Bacterial toxins are SERIOUSLY dangerous. Teeny tiny minute quantities of toxin can cause life threatening illness! Even if Diptheria is treated properly, 1 out of every 10 infected persons die. Mild side effects are more common with the DPT (diptheria, pertussis, tetanus) vaccine . There are rare cases of serious side effects. It is always a good idea to read up on these so you can quickly identify any problems your child may experience after vaccination. Caused by... # of children affected (US) # of children affected (Europe) # of children affected (Africa) Prevention How it is transmitted... How disease progresses Treatment a bacteria - Corynebacterium diptheriae - that produces a toxin (i.e. a poison) Before vaccine was introduced, about 150,000 people were infected per year in the US. 15,000 people died. Now there are only a few cases per year in the US. Diptheria remains a serious public health threat in many developing countries with low vaccination rates. a vaccine called DPT (given in combination with the vaccine for Tetanus and Pertussis). A child needs five DPT shots for complete protection. The first shot should be given around 2 months of age, and the second and third shots given within the child's first year. The fourth shot is given at about 15 or 18 months, and a fifth shot, or booster, is given when the child is about to enter school. When the vaccine is given in the recommended number of shots it protects over 95% of children against tetanus, over 85% against diphtheria, and 70%- 90% against pertussis. It also make the diseases milder for those who do catch them.

15. Diptheria Tetanus & Polio diptheria, Tetanus Polio. Instead of ADT vaccine (diphtheria tetanus), considerBoosterix (pertussis booster vaccination in adults children over 10. http://www.nevdgp.org.au/travel/bots/diptp.htm

Boosterix Inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (Salk or IPV) is recommended in the USA for persons over the age of 18 who have never been vaccinated against poliomyelitis(CDC but not NHMRC). This removes the risk of live vaccine associated paralysis. (approximately 1 case in 2.5 million). IPv is also recommended for immunocompromised individuals. Avoid in Pregnancy. Good immunity after 0, 2, 8 - 18 months vaccination. Oral Poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV) Avoid in family members of Immunocompromised individuals (lymphoma, leukaemia, and HIV infection). Contraindicated in the first 4 months of pregnancy and use only after this if substantial risk of exposure. For a child less than 6 weeks travelling to an endemic area, a dose should be given before departure followed by the standard primary course. (CDC Atlanta, 96/97) Further information on routine vaccination recommendations and side effects can be obtained from http://immunise.health.gov.au/ See also New York Health Department sheet

16. Diptheria Toxin diptheria toxin. Cterminal chain is in yellow; this is the beta-fold domain. http://www.sdsc.edu/pb/edu/pharm207/assignment/u26023/dipth.html

Diptheria toxin C-terminal chain is in yellow; this is the beta-fold domain.

17. GSK Vaccines Includes immunization news, clinical research, diptheria information,prescribing information and patient education materials. diptheria. http://www.gsk-vaccines.net/diptheria.htm

18. Diptheria Control Home Diphtheria control. Current situation in Europe and EpidemiologicalTrends The epidemic of diphtheria in the Newly Independent States http://www.who.dk/eprise/main/WHO/Progs/DCP/Home

var strWHOEmblem = "/images/WHOimages/WHOEmblems/" + strEmblem ; document.write(""); document.write(" " + strWHO + " " + strEURO + ""); English Deutsch Home Country Information Health Topics ... Search Diphtheria control home The disease Control measures Public health emergency Search ... Communicable diseases control, prevention and eradication Diphtheria control Current situation in Europe and Epidemiological Trends The epidemic of diphtheria in the Newly Independent States (NIS) began in the Russian Federation in 1990 and affected all 15 NIS countries by the end of 1994. In 1995 diphtheria cases in the NIS accounted for 88% of cases reported worldwide. During the period 1990-1996, diphtheria cases in the Russian Federation accounted for 75% of total NIS cases, with annual rates ranging from 59-84%. During the period 1990-1999, a total of over 158,000 cases and 4,000 deaths were reported in the countries of former Soviet Union. (see also: Control measures - immunization targets) Incidence rates of Diphtheria in the European Region, 1995 compared to 2000 At the beginning of the epidemic in some countries, the case fatality rate was very high (more than 20%) due to the lack of antitoxins and delayed treatment. However, as a result of timely provision of antitoxins and better case management, the case fatality rate decreased to less than 5% for 11 of the 15 NIS countries in 1996. The age distribution of cases made this epidemic unusual, in that there had been a high proportion of cases among adolescents and adults. The geographic impact of the epidemic has tended to follow the geographic distribution of the population, largely as an urban epidemic, except in the Central Asian Republics and the Caucasus, where most of the population lives in rural areas.

19. Diptheria Control Home Return to Normal View Print this page Diphtheria control. Currentsituation in Europe and Epidemiological Trends The epidemic http://www.who.dk/eprise/main/WHO/Progs/DCP/Home?PrintView=1&

20. Diptheria A respiratory disease caused by bacteria SymptomsGradual onset of a sore throat and lowgrade fever Complications......Diphtheria http://www.wvdhhr.org/immunizations/diptheria.htm

Diphtheria Description: A respiratory disease caused by bacteria Symptoms: Gradual onset of a sore throat and low-grade fever Complications: Airway obstruction, coma, and death if not treated Transmission: Spread by coughing and sneezing Vaccine: Diphtheria toxoid (contained in DTP, DTaP, DT or Td vaccines) can prevent this disease. Home Up Next Get the Vaccine Information Statement! Revised: March 07, 2003 .

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