81. Dysmenorrhea . More than half......dysmenorrhea. Definition dysmenorrhea is the occurrance of painfulcramps during menstruation. http://www.chclibrary.org/micromed/00046040.html

Main Search Index Definition Description Causes ... Resources Dysmenorrhea Definition Dysmenorrhea is the occurrance of painful cramps during menstruation. Description More than half of all girls and women suffer from dysmenorrhea (cramps), a dull or throbbing pain that usually centers in the lower mid-abdomen, radiating toward the lower back or thighs. Menstruating women of any age can experience cramps. While the pain may be only mild for some women, others experience severe discomfort that can significantly interfere with everyday activities for several days each month. Dysmenorrhea is called "primary" when there is no specific abnormality, and "secondary" when the pain is caused by an underlying gynecological problem. It is believed that primary dysmenorrhea occurs when hormone-like substances called "prostaglandins" produced by uterine tissue trigger strong muscle contractions in the uterus during menstruation. However, the level of prostaglandins doesn't seem to have anything to do with how strong a woman's cramps are. Some women have high levels of prostaglandins and no cramps, whereas other women with low levels have severe cramps. This is why experts assume that cramps must also be related to other things (such as genetics, stress , and different body types) in addition to prostaglandins. The first year or two of a girl's periods are not usually very painful. However, once ovulation begins, the blood levels of the prostaglandins rise, leading to stronger contractions.

82. DYSMENORRHEA dysmenorrhea. The term dysmenorrhea means pain with menstruation. dysmenorrheamay be caused by excess secretion of this hormone. http://www.utmbhealthcare.org/hil/WOME3321.asp?header=

83. Dysmenorrhea . More......MAIN SEARCH INDEX dysmenorrhea. Definition. dysmenorrhea is the occurranceof painful cramps during menstruation. http://www.hendrickhealth.org/healthy/000453.htm

MAIN SEARCH INDEX Dysmenorrhea Definition Description Causes and symptoms Diagnosis ... Resources Definition Dysmenorrhea is the occurrance of painful cramps during menstruation. Description More than half of all girls and women suffer from dysmenorrhea (cramps), a dull or throbbing pain that usually centers in the lower mid-abdomen, radiating toward the lower back or thighs. Menstruating women of any age can experience cramps. While the pain may be only mild for some women, others experience severe discomfort that can significantly interfere with everyday activities for several days each month. Causes and symptoms Dysmenorrhea is called "primary" when there is no specific abnormality, and "secondary" when the pain is caused by an underlying gynecological problem. It is believed that primary dysmenorrhea occurs when hormone-like substances called "prostaglandins" produced by uterine tissue trigger strong muscle contractions in the uterus during menstruation. However, the level of prostaglandins doesn't seem to have anything to do with how strong a woman's cramps are. Some women have high levels of prostaglandins and no cramps, whereas other women with low levels have severe cramps. This is why experts assume that cramps must also be related to other things (such as genetics, stress , and different body types) in addition to prostaglandins. The first year or two of a girl's periods are not usually very painful. However, once ovulation begins, the blood levels of the prostaglandins rise, leading to stronger contractions.

84. Menstrual Cramps (Dysmenorrhea) | BluePrint For Health You are here Home Women's Health Menstrual Cramps (dysmenorrhea),Menstrual Cramps (dysmenorrhea). Related topics • Missed http://blueprint.bluecrossmn.com/topic/topic13080

Search COMPLEMENTARY CARE Acupuncture Massage therapy Fitness centers ... SITE AWARDS You are here: Home Women's Health Menstrual Cramps (Dysmenorrhea) Menstrual Cramps (Dysmenorrhea) Related topics: Missed Menstrual Periods (Amenorrhea) PMS Paige Bierma CONSUMER HEALTH INTERACTIVE Below: What are menstrual cramps? Are there different types of menstrual cramps? What are the symptoms? What causes menstrual cramps and pain? ... Are there any alternative treatments? What are menstrual cramps? For decades, the medical establishment thought of menstrual cramps as an ailment that was minor at best. Doctors tended to deal with it by either dismissing the pain as a psychological problem or prescribing painkillers or tranquilizers. Today researchers have come a long way toward a fuller understanding of menstrual cramps and the pain they cause some 30 to 60 percent of women each month. Are there different types of menstrual cramps? Most women who have cramps are experiencing what's known as dysmenorrhea. Most often this condition is classified as primary dysmenorrhea, meaning that it isn't caused by a physical abnormality of the reproductive organs. This type of dysmenorrhea usually takes the form of sharp, spasmodic pains in your lower abdomen at the beginning of your period, or a day or two earlier, and it lasts two to three days. The condition is most common among young women in their teens and twenties; it usually moderates with age and may disappear if you give birth. According to some estimates, as many as 10 percent of young women have such severe cramps of this type that they're unable to maintain their normal schedules one or two days per month. In some women the cramping is so painful that they can't walk, and a few have compared it to the contractions of childbirth.

85. Genesis Health System - Alternative Medicine General Info - Dysmenorrhea (menstr dysmenorrhea (menstrual Pain). What is it? Menstruation dysmenorrhea ispain associated with (usually before or during) menstruation. Causes http://www.genesishealth.com/micromedex/altmedgen/amm0069.aspx

Facility Information DeWitt Comm Hosp Genesis Medical Ctr Illini Hospital Genesis Health Grp VNA Dysmenorrhea (menstrual Pain) What is it? Menstruation is the 5 to 7 days every month that a woman's uterus discharges blood. It may also be called a menstrual period, monthly period, or a period. A woman's monthly period may begin at about 12 years of age and continue until about 50 years of age. Dysmenorrhea is pain associated with (usually before or during) menstruation. Causes: Dysmenorrhea can be caused by cramping or contraction of the muscles in the uterus. Prostaglandins are chemicals produced in the body which are thought to be responsible for uterine cramping (10). Other causes of dysmenorrhea include endometriosis, fibroids, hormonal imbalance and ovarian cysts. Endometriosis occurs when some of the endometrium (the lining of the uterus that sheds each month) ends up in the abdominal cavity. The cyclic hormonal stimulation of endometrial cells located in the abdomen causes, pain, swelling and adhesions/scarring of organs in the abdomen. Fibroids are abnormal muscular growths of the uterus which, depending on the location and size, can be asymptomatic, cause a sense of fullness and pressure in the lower abdomen, cause cramping or cause heavy menstrual bleeding. Ovarian cysts can be small and asymptomatic or quite large and painful. If an ovarian cyst ruptures the pain may mimic appendicitis (an infected appendix) or an infection of the pelvis.

86. Adolescent Medicine - Dysmenorrhea Charleston, SC 29425 843792-1414 800-424-MUSC, Print Version. AdolescentMedicine dysmenorrhea. What is dysmenorrhea? What causes dysmenorrhea? http://www.musckids.com/health_library/adolescent/dysmn.htm

Home About Us Departments MUSC eNurse ... Your Hospital Visit 171 Ashley Ave. Charleston, SC 29425 800-424-MUSC Print Version Adolescent Medicine Dysmenorrhea What is dysmenorrhea? Dysmenorrhea is a menstrual condition characterized by severe and frequent menstrual cramps and pain associated with menstruation. Dysmenorrhea may be classified as primary or secondary. primary dysmenorrhea - from the beginning and usually lifelong; severe and frequent menstrual cramping caused by severe and abnormal uterine contractions. secondary dysmenorrhea - due to some physical cause and usually of later onset; painful menstrual periods caused by another medical condition present in the body (i.e., pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis). What causes dysmenorrhea? The cause of dysmenorrhea depends on whether the condition is primary or secondary. In general, females with primary dysmenorrhea experience abnormal uterine contractions as a result of a chemical imbalance in the body (particularly prostaglandin and arachidonic acid - both chemicals which control the contractions of the uterus). Secondary dysmenorrhea is caused by other medical conditions, most often endometriosis (a condition in which tissue that looks and acts like endometrial tissue becomes implanted outside the uterus, usually on other reproductive organs inside the pelvis or in the abdominal cavity - often resulting in internal bleeding, infection, and pelvic pain). Other possible causes of secondary dysmenorrhea include the following:

87. UCLA-the Ashe Center - Menstrual Cramps (Dysmenorrhea) Handouts . dysmenorrhea is the medicalterm for menstrual cramps. dysmenorrhea affects......Menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea). http://www.studenthealth.ucla.edu/handoutsold/cramps.htm

Menstrual cramps (Dysmenorrhea) Description Dysmenorrhea is the medical term for menstrual cramps. Dysmenorrhea affects most women at some stage during their reproductive years. There are two types of dysmenorrhea, primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea. Primary dysmenorrhea is now believed to be caused by an excess of one of the prostaglandin hormones normally found in the body. Excess amounts of this horm one result in excessive contractions of the uterus (cramping). Secondary dysmenorrhea may be caused by an underlying disease, infection, or gynelogical problem. Symptoms Abdominal cramps, lower back pin, and leg pain are the most common symptoms of dysmenorrhea. Nausea and vomiting, constipation or diarrhea may also be present. If the pain is sever, light-headiness may be experienced. Primary dysmenorrhea typically begins with the onset of the menstrual period and usually does not last more than two days. Secondary dysmenorrhea may begin prior to the menstrual period and last throughout the period. If the pain in the pelvic area is accompanied by fever, abnormal vaginal bleeding and/or pain with intercourse, it may indicate a serious infection and medical care should be sought promptly. Treatment The first important step in treatment is to see a Women's Health Care clinician for an examination in order to rule out the possibility of underlying disease or anatomic abnormality as the cause of dysmenorrhea. Secondary dysmenorrhea is often difficult to identify and treat.There are a number of treatment alternatives for primary dysmenorrhea. Antiprostaglandin medications, which inhibit the production of prostaglandin hormones, are available and frequently provide relief. These include ibuprofen and aspirin, which can be purchased over the counter, and related medications, which require prescriptions. They are non-narcotic. Women who are allergic to aspirin, have severe or persistent anemia, or have ulcers or intestinal bleeding

88. Healthnotes - Dysmenorrhea dysmenorrhea, or painful menstruation, is classified as either primaryor secondary. Primary dysmenorrhea dysmenorrhea. http://www.allherb.com/science/hn/hn70db/healthnotes/healthnote_1206000.html

YOUR ACCOUNT VIEW CART Indexes: Search: Select an Index All Indexes Allergies Diabetes Foodnotes Health Concerns Herbal Remedies Homeopathy Integrative Options Men's Health Recipes Recipes by Course Recipes by Main Ingredient Recipes International Recipes Seasonal Safety Check Special Diets Special Recipes Vitamin Guide Weight Management Women's Health Dysmenorrhea Also indexed as: Menstrual Cramps, Painful Menstruation Introduction Checklist Symptoms Conventional treatment ... References Dysmenorrhea, or painful menstruation, is classified as either primary or secondary. Primary dysmenorrhea generally occurs within a couple of years of the first menstrual period. The pain tends to decrease with age and very often resolves after childbirth. Secondary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain caused by another condition, commonly endometriosis . It starts later in life and tends to increase in intensity over time. As many as half of menstruating women are affected by dysmenorrhea, and of these, about 10% have severe dysmenorrhea, which greatly limits activities for one to three days each month. Checklist for Dysmenorrhea Rating Nutritional Supplements Herbs Vitamin B3 (niacin) Vitamin B3 (niacin) (plus vitamin C and rutin Calcium Fish oil (EPA/ DHA Magnesium Progesterone (topical cream) Vitamin B1 Black cohosh Blue cohosh Corydalis Cramp bark Dong quai False unicorn Peony Vervain Vitex See also: Homeopathic Remedies for Dysmenorrhea Reliable and relatively consistent scientific data showing a substantial health benefit.

89. Dysmenorrhea- Healthcare Professional Verson- Pediatric dysmenorrhea. Health Professional Version. Lela Kruse RN. Definition. dysmenorrheais uterine pain with menstruation, commonly called menstrual cramps. Etiology. http://www.nursing.uiowa.edu/sites/PedsPain/GenePain/Dystech.htm

Dysmenorrhea Health Professional Version Lela Kruse RN Edited by Ann Woodward RN, BSN Definition Dysmenorrhea is uterine pain with menstruation, commonly called menstrual cramps. Etiology Pathophysiology Primary dysmenorrhea is produced by a high concentration of uterine prostoglandin that stimulates the frequency and strength of uterine contractions, which cause the pain. Secondary dysmenorrhea is caused by the underlying disease. Symptoms or clinical manifestations Colicky, nagging low pelvic pain often radiating into the low back, vulva, perineum and into the inner thighs. Other symptoms associated with dysmenorrhea include: breast tenderness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, urinary frequency, irritability, depression, chills and abdominal bloating. Symptoms can start one to two days before menses or with the start of menstruation. Secondary dysmenorrhea should be suspected if symptoms occur after age 20. Assessment Collaborative Management Nursing Management: The nurse should obtain a detailed medical history. The nurse should clearly and thoroughly explain all procedures and treatments. Explain the prescribed dosage, frequency and side effects of the medications prescribed. Specifically with NSAIDS, instruct the woman to begin regular use a day or two prior to the onset of menstruation and to continue regular use during menstruation. Identify and help patient use pain reduction methods includingrelaxation techniques, heating pad usage and abdominal massage. Good posture, exercise, and good nutrition can also decrease the incidence of dysmenorrhea. Positive attitudes should be encouraged since a woman who regards menstruation as normal will less likely experience it as an illness.

90. Vitamins, Minerals, And Nutritional Supplements. Dysmenorrhea dysmenorrhea, or painful menstruation, is classified as either primaryor secondary. Primary dysmenorrhea galore.com. dysmenorrhea. http://www.vitamin-galore.com/Concern/Dysmenorrhea.htm

VitaminLore is brought to you by Buy Vitamins, Minerals, and nutritional supplments at 20-70% off at www.vitamin-galore.com Dysmenorrhea Also indexed as: Menstrual Cramps, Painful Menstruation Introduction Checklist Symptoms Conventional treatment ... References Dysmenorrhea, or painful menstruation, is classified as either primary or secondary. Primary dysmenorrhea generally occurs within a couple of years of the first menstrual period. The pain tends to decrease with age and very often resolves after childbirth. Secondary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain caused by another condition, commonly endometriosis . It starts later in life and tends to increase in intensity over time. As many as half of menstruating women are affected by dysmenorrhea, and of these, about 10% have severe dysmenorrhea, which greatly limits activities for one to three days each month. Checklist for Dysmenorrhea Rating Nutritional Supplements Herbs Vitamin B3 (niacin) Vitamin B3 (niacin) (plus vitamin C and rutin Calcium Fish oil (EPA/ DHA Magnesium Progesterone (topical cream) Vitamin B1 Black cohosh Blue cohosh Corydalis Cramp bark Dong quai False unicorn Peony Vervain Vitex See also: Homeopathic Remedies for Dysmenorrhea Reliable and relatively consistent scientific data showing a substantial health benefit.

91. Menstrual Cramps (Dysmenorrhea) | Vhihealthe Menstrual cramps. http://www2.vhihealthe.com/topic/topic13080

You are here: Home Women's Health Menstrual cramps Related topics: Missed Menstrual Periods (Amenorrhea) PMS Below: What are menstrual cramps? Are there different types of menstrual cramps? What are the symptoms? What causes menstrual cramps and pain? ... Are there any alternative treatments? Note: This article has been localised for an Irish audience. What are menstrual cramps? For decades, the medical establishment thought of menstrual cramps as an ailment that was minor at best. Doctors tended to deal with it by either dismissing the pain as a psychological problem or prescribing painkillers or tranquilisers. Today, researchers have come a long way toward a fuller understanding of menstrual cramps and the pain they cause for some 30 to 60 percent of women each month. Are there different types of menstrual cramps? Most women who have cramps are experiencing what's known as dysmenorrhoea. Most often this condition is classified as primary dysmenorrhoea, meaning that it isn't caused by a physical abnormality of the reproductive organs. This type of dysmenorrhoea usually takes the form of sharp, spasmodic pains in your lower abdomen at the beginning of your period, or a day or two earlier, and it lasts two to three days. The condition is most common among young women in their teens and twenties; it usually moderates with age and may disappear if you give birth. According to some estimates, as many as 10 percent of young women have such severe cramps of this type that they're unable to maintain their normal schedules one or two days per month. In some women, the cramping is so painful that they can't walk, and a few have compared it to the contractions of childbirth.

92. Shoppers Drug Mart - Health & Wellness - Health Information - Health Conditions Information about dysmenorrhea, from causes, symptoms and diagnosis, to treatmentand prevention. dysmenorrhea (Menstrual Pain), What is dysmenorrhea? http://www.shoppersdrugmart.ca/english/health_wellness/health_information/health

PHARMACY SERVICES EASY REFILLS HEALTH INFORMATION Health Conditions ... SENIORS Health Conditions Dysmenorrhea (Menstrual Pain) What is dysmenorrhea? Dysmenorrhea is the medical term for menstrual pain. In some cases, this discomfort is severe enough to restrict a woman's daily activities or require medical attention. More than half of all women have cramps during their periods. In about a fifth of these women, the pain disrupts their normal lives. What is dysmenorrhea? What are the different types of dysmenorrhea? How do you get dysmenorrhea? What are the symptoms of dysmenorrhea? ... Top The information provided on this SHOPPERS DRUG MART web site is provided for information purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice. Please consult your physician or HEALTHWATCH® Pharmacist with any questions or concerns. CONTACT US E-MAIL THIS PAGE STORE LOCATOR LEGAL ... CORPORATE INFORMATION

93. Surgical Treatment Of Primary Dysmenorrhea With Laparoscopic Uterine Nerve Ablat Surgical Treatment of Primary dysmenorrhea with Laparoscopic Uterine NerveAblation. dysmenorrhea, a Greek term, denotes painful menstrual flow. http://www.usdoctor.com/luna.htm

Reprinted from Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 1987; Vol. 32, No. 1, pages 37-41 LUNA GIRL Movie Surgical Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Laparoscopic Uterine Nerve Ablation. Edward M. Lichten, M.D. James Bombard, Ph.D. Abstract With approximately 25% of dysmenorrheic patients reporting no improvement with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, a study was devised to evaluate the effectiveness of a laparoscopic technique for the interruption of the uterosacral nerves. In a double-blind study of 21 patients with primary dysmenorrhea, 81% (9 of 11) reported significant relief from menstrual pain after the surgery. Performed as an outpatient procedure, laparosocpic uterine nerve ablation may alleviate dysmenorrheic complaints when other modalities have failed. Half the treated women reported continued relief of menstrual pain at 12 months. These results suggest that uterosacral nerve interruption may prove an effective alternative treatment for this menstrual disorder. LUNA Surgery Movie Normal Anatomy Dysmenorrhea, a Greek term, denotes painful menstrual flow. Approximately 50% of pubertal women have reported experiencing appreciable pain some time during menstruation.[15] With an estimated 600 million work hours lost annually to this affliction [5]an average of two or more work days per female employee per month-dysmenorrhea has become a significant and costly illness .[14]

94. Acupuncture Treatment Of Dysmenorrhea Acupuncture Treatment of dysmenorrhea. Case History Ms on Aug. l6,l998, with the chief complaint of dysmenorrhea for one year. The http://tcm.medboo.com/message/100830732.htm

Home News Training TCM Palace ... TCM Forum Acupuncture Treatment of Dysmenorrhea Case History Spleen and Liver meridians at the medial sides of both legs, the tongue coating white-sticky and the pulse deep-wiry. Discussion Dr. Wu: Let¡¯s analyses the case on the basis of her history. Dr. Zhang: I think this is a case of dysmenorrhea due to stagnation of cold and dampness. Her walking in rain and swimming in cold water constitute the causative factor for the invasion of cold and dampness into the body which stay in the uterus, leading to the stagnation of Qi and blood in the uterine collaterals, hence the pain. By location differentiation, it should be in the uterus. In view of its clinical manifestations, cold-pain in the lower abdomen during the menstrual period, which responds to warmth is the sign of cold; while white-sticky tongue coating is the sign of dampness; and pain with tenderness belongs to the excess syndrome. Dr. Li: I share the same view with Dr. Zhang. I only wan to add two points. One is about menstruation. As has been differentiated by Dr. Zhang, this case is due to stagnation of pathogenic cold-dampness in the uterus. The pathogenic cold results in restrained flow of Qi and blood, thus scanty menstruation occurs, whereas stagnated coldness contributes to the formation of blood clots. Another point is about the pulse. Deep pulse indicates the disorder in the interior while wiry pulse usually indicates disorder of the liver and various types of pain (in this case the abdominal pain). Here, I would like to ask two questions. One is that as dysmenorrhea tends to appear before, after or during the menstrual period, what is the clinical significance of its occurrence at different time? The other question is, how to explain the obvious tender points along the medial sides of the patient's legs.

95. Dysmenorrhea:Health Topics:UI Health Care dysmenorrhea. The term dysmenorrhea means pain with menstruation.The occur. About 10 percent of women have severe dysmenorrhea. http://www.uihealthcare.com/topics/womenshealth/wome3321.html

Health Topics Category Index Health Topics for Womens Health Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Health Site ... Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder - UI Health Care's digital library Send comments and questions to staff@uihealthcare.com University of Iowa Dysmenorrhea The term dysmenorrhea means pain with menstruation. The pain is usually dull or cramping and is felt in the lower abdomen or back. The cramps come in waves caused by uterine contractions. The pain may last only a few hours, one day, or for the entire period. Cramping begins just before or at the onset of the menstrual flow. Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, and frequent bowel movements with cramps. Dizziness, fainting, and paleness may also occur. About 10 percent of women have severe dysmenorrhea. These women may have partial or total disability during their periods. Menstrual pain is caused by the release of a hormone called prostaglandin. The hormone is responsible for the normal functions of the uterus during menstruation. Other muscles in the body release this same hormone when injured. Exercise does not increase a woman's risk for severe dysmenorrhea. In fact, exercise can reduce the discomforts caused by a woman's monthly period. Female athletes report less than normal pain with their periods. It is safe to exercise, train, and compete while having a period.

96. Edgar Cayce's Dysmenorrhea Treatment EDGAR CAYCE'S dysmenorrhea TREATMENT. Greetings! This website isabout dysmenorrhea. However, as an important preliminary, let http://members.tripod.com/~dudley_delany/index-30.html

Get Five DVDs for $.49 each. Join now. Tell me when this page is updated EDGAR CAYCE'S DYSMENORRHEA TREATMENT Greetings! This website is about dysmenorrhea. However, as an important preliminary, let me first tell you about my experience with multiple sclerosis (MS). I am a retired chiropractor, massage therapist, and registered nurse. I developed multiple sclerosis during the summer of 1991. Some of my symptoms included numbness, blurred vision, difficulty swallowing, tremors, muscle spasms, depression, fatigue, failing memory, slurred speech, and bladder dysfunction. In the fall of 1991, I began using an alternative treatment for MS suggested by the late Edgar Cayce, a mild-mannered photographer who lived between 1877 and 1945, and who is today widely regarded as the father of modern holistic medicine. At the age of twenty-one, Cayce developed the amazing ability to enter into a self-induced hypnotic trance in which he could successfully diagnose and prescribe effective treatments (often drawing from diverse health disciplines) for all manner of human illsincluding MS. Over 14,000 of his trance discourses (which came to be known as "readings") were transcribed verbatim and are currently available for inspection and study at the Association for Research and Enlightenment (A.R.E.) in Virginia Beach, Virginia.

97. Dysmenorrhea Or Menorrhalgia dysmenorrhea, or painful menses, is one of the most common gynecological complaintsin young women, thought to affect 50 per cent of all menstruating women. http://www.medicalinfoplus.com/conditions/dysmenorrhea.html

Alphabetical Listing Of Conditions and Diseases Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Adult Asthma Adult Constipation ... Home Dysmenorrhea or Menorrhalgia Introduction Dysmenorrhea, or painful menses, is one of the most common gynecological complaints in young women, thought to affect 50% of all menstruating women. Ten percent of women have severe enough symptoms to necessitate missing work, school or other responsibilities. Peak incidence is between 20 and 24 years of age. Primary dysmenorrhea is due to the secretion of prostaglandin (PG) F2a in the lining of the uterus. PGF2a stimulates uterine contractions. It is also thought that chemicals called leukotrienes heighten sensitivity of pain fibers in the uterus. The goal of treatment of primary dysmenorrhea is the minimization of discomfort and preservation of fertility. If efforts to treat primary dysmenorrhea are unsuccessful after a few months, then the diagnosis, and the possibility of secondary causes, should be reconsidered. Treatment methods include medications for pain and oral contraceptive pills to regulate the menstrual cycle. Nutritional and lifestyle medications play an important role, as well. Several complementary and alternative therapies have been utilized in the management of the discomfort of dysmenorrhea, although there are few or no studies to support their effectiveness or safety. Surgery is required only when the dysmenorrhea is found to be secondary to an underlying cause.

98. DYSMENORRHEA CARE PROTOCOL - Gallaudet University Laurent Clerc National Deaf Ed Laurent Clerc National Deaf Education Center. dysmenorrhea CARE PROTOCOL (KDES HSP 8) DEFINITIONS. DEFINITION Painful menstruation; cramps NURSING ASSESSMENT. http://clerccenter.gallaudet.edu/SupportServices/schoolnurse/dysm8.html

DYSMENORRHEA CARE PROTOCOL (KDES - HSP #8) DEFINITIONS DEFINITION: Painful menstruation; cramps NURSING ASSESSMENT Obtain History Onset Severity Accompanying Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, constipation, severe menstrual flow, abdominal distention Duration Frequency of discomfort episodes Menstrual history: when periods started period intervals NURSING INTERVENTIONS Offer comfortabe, undisturbed place to rest Offer warm pack or heating pad to abdomen Offer comfort measures: Reassurance Anxiety Relief May offer medications as needed for symptom relief: check parent consent form for signature and ascertain if appropriate medication is checked check medication taken in last 24 hours check medication allergy history administer following medications according to age appropriate doses as needed to alleviate symptoms * Ibuprofen Acetaminophen * Dosage may be repeated in four hours as needed Contact parents/guardians if discomfort remains severe or if vomiting persists and send student home. Document nursing assessment and interventions HEALTH CARE INSTRUCTIONS AND FOLLOW-UP Advise student to return to the Health Room if symptoms persist or worsen Notify parent of nursing assessment and intervention Encourage fluids, high vegetable/fruit/fiber diet, and regular moderate exercise

99. MoonDragon's Obgyn Information & Discussion - Dysmenorrhea (Menstrual Cramps) dysmenorrhea (Menstrual Cramps). Primary dysmenorrhea means pain has recurredregularly or within a year of two of the first (puberty). http://www.moondragon.org/obgyn/disorders/dysmenorrhea.html

This page is best viewed with 800x600 monitor display. DYSMENORRHEA (Menstrual Cramps) For "Informational Use Only". For more detailed information, contact your health care provider about options that may be available for your specific situation. BASIC INFORMATION DESCRIPTION Severe, painful cramps during menstruation. Primary dysmenorrhea means pain has recurred regularly or within a year of two of the first (puberty). Secondary desmenorrhea means pain began years after periods started. Women with dysmenorrhea are generally fertile. Severity of symptoms varies greatly from woman to woman, and from one time to the next in the same woman. Dysmenorrhea usually is less severe after a woman has had a baby. FREQUENT SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Cramping and sometimes sharp pains in the lower abdomen lower back and thighs. The pain starts at the onset of menses and lasts for hours to days. Nausea and vomiting (sometimes). Diarrhea (occasionally). Sweating. Lack of energy. Urinary frequency. Irritability, nervousness, depression. CAUSES Strong or prolonged contractions of the muscular wall of the uterus. There may be caused by concentration of prostaglandins (hormones found in the cervix and uterus). Research shows that women with dysmenorrhea produce and excrete more prostaglandins than those who don't have as much discomfort.

100. Dysmenorrhea Menstrual Cramps dysmenorrhea. Nonsurgical treatment for this condition Back, dysmenorrhea(Menstrual Cramps). There may be many causes of menstrual cramps. http://www.clearpassage.com/dysmennorhea.htm

Dysmenorrhea Non-surgical treatment for this condition Back Dysmenorrhea (Menstrual Cramps) There may be many causes of menstrual cramps. Some of the more common causes include tiny adhesions which may impact on the delicate structures of a woman's pelvis. More of this information may be found in our section on pelvic pain Dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation) can be due to pelvic pathology. This can include intestinal spasms, endometriosis, chronic tightness or adhesions affecting the ligaments, fascias and connective tissues which attach the uterus to surrounding structures, or ptosis. The pain may also be due to lower back restrictions. In order to decrease these adhesions and restrictions, a therapist must have very specific knowledge of the anatomy and biomechanics of the urogenital system. Adhesions may cause pain or infertility Clinically, we note pain may increase with either menstruation or ovulation. For many of the women we see, relief from periodic cramps is quick and dramatic. For others, there is a slow and gradual decrease of pain, often accompanied by increased menstrual flow in the first one or two periods following therapy. The pain may be relieved by rest

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