21. Dysphagia Mailing List Archive dysphagia Mailing List Archive. You can search or browse the archives. Returnto dysphagia Resource Center. Search the dysphagia Archives. http://www.b9.com/cgi-bin/wilma/dysphagia/

22. Dysphagia Info Page dysphagia dysphagia Mail List. About dysphagia. The dysphagia MailList was started in November of 1995. The Archives. Using dysphagia. http://www.b9.com/mailman/listinfo/dysphagia

Dysphagia Dysphagia Mail List About Dysphagia The Dysphagia Mail List was started in November of 1995. The mail list provides a forum for various medical professionals to discuss clinical or research issues and clinical cases, share ideas and news items, ask questions, or ask for resources related to swallowing and its disorders. Job postings related to the field of swallowing disorders are also allowed. To see the collection of prior postings to the list, visit the Dysphagia Archives Using Dysphagia To post a message to all the list members, send email to dysphagia@b9.com You can subscribe to the list, or change your existing subscription, in the sections below. Subscribing to Dysphagia Subscribe to Dysphagia by filling out the following form. You will be sent email requesting confirmation, to prevent others from gratuitously subscribing you. This is a hidden list, which means that the members list is available only to the list administrator. Your email address: You must enter a privacy password. This provides only mild security, but should prevent others from messing with your subscription.

23. Dysphagia Institute The MCW dysphagia Institute is a multidisciplinary team committed to the diagnosisand treatment of patients with swallowing disorders. dysphagia Institute. http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/914645127.html

Search Articles: search tips Please Take the HealthLink Survey Email this article Print this article Find related articles: By topic: Digestive System By keywords: Receive Health Link via email! Subscribe now >> Dysphagia Institute Dysphagia Institute Focuses on Swallowing Disorders Dysphagia , or difficulty in swallowing, affects approximately one out of every 17 persons. There are many possible causes of dysphagia and therefore the symptoms vary widely among individuals. One individual may have mild throat discomfort when swallowing, while another may be unable to eat any solid foods comfortably. Dysphagia often signals a serious medical problem. If one has persistent difficulty in swallowing, it's very important that a diagnosis be made early. In cases where dysphagia is a warning sign of an illness, early diagnosis offers the best chance of successful treatment. A Leading Midwest Center The MCW Dysphagia Institute at Froedtert Hospital is a multi-disciplinary team committed to the diagnosis, research and treatment of patients with swallowing disorders. The Institute and its faculty have achieved international recognition for their basic and clinical research in swallowing disorders conducted over the last 20 years. The Institute's comprehensive and sophisticated facilities, which are available to help patients with swallowing difficulties, are unique in the Midwest. Today, the Institute encompasses a clinical division for evaluating patients, and a research division, which has been continuously supported by grant funds from the National Institutes of Health and other federal funding agencies.

24. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 3, Ch. 20, Esophageal Disorders dysphagia. A subjective awareness of difficulty in swallowing caused by impairedprogression of matter from pharynx to stomach. PREESOPHAGEAL dysphagia. http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section3/chapter20/20b.htm

This Publication Is Searchable The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Section 3. Gastrointestinal Disorders Chapter 20. Esophageal Disorders Topics [General] Dysphagia Chest Pain Of Esophageal Origin Cricopharyngeal Incoordination ... Infectious Esophageal Disorders Dysphagia A subjective awareness of difficulty in swallowing caused by impaired progression of matter from pharynx to stomach. The usual complaint is that food "gets stuck" on the way down, which may be accompanied by pain. Dysphagia is caused by impeded transport of liquids and solids by organic lesions of the pharynx, esophagus, and adjacent organs or by functional derangements of the nervous system and musculature. The cause of dysphagia should always be carefully sought. PREESOPHAGEAL DYSPHAGIA Difficulty emptying bolus material from the oral pharynx into the esophagus. Preesophageal dysphagia occurs with abnormal function proximal to the esophagus, most often in patients with neurologic or muscular disorders that affect skeletal muscles (eg, dermatomyositis, myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophy, Parkinson's disease, oculogyric crises associated with phenothiazine therapy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, bulbar poliomyelitis, pseudobulbar palsy, other CNS lesions). The patient frequently presents with nasal regurgitation or tracheal aspiration followed by coughing. ESOPHAGEAL DYSPHAGIA Difficulty passing food down the esophagus, possibly caused by obstructive or motor disorders.

25. Dysphagia Evaluation dysphagia, Book, Home Page. See Also dysphagia Diet; Globus hystericus.Definition Disordered swallowing. Causes http://www.fpnotebook.com/NEU76.htm

Home About Links Index ... Editor's Choice Paid Advertisement (click above). Please see the privacy statement Neurology Examination Cranial Nerve ... Two Point Discrimination Assorted Pages Neurologic Exam Oculovestibular Testing NIH Stroke Scale Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen ... Reflex Exam Dysphagia Evaluation Swallowing Exam Swallowing Evaluation after Stroke Dysphagia after Cerebrovascular Accident Book Home Page Cardiovascular Medicine Dental Dermatology Emergency Medicine Endocrinology Gastroenterology General Medicine Geriatric Medicine Gynecology Hematology and Oncology HIV Infectious Disease Jokes Laboratory Neonatology Nephrology Neurology Obstetrics Ophthalmology Orthopedics Otolaryngology Pediatrics Pharmacology Prevention Psychiatry Pulmonology Radiology Rheumatology Sports Medicine Surgery Urology Chapter Neurology Index Autonomic Cerebellum Chorea Cranial Nerve Cognitive CSF Cardiovascular Medicine Demyelinating Disability Examination Ophthalmology Gynecology Headache Infectious Disease Laboratory General Level of Consciousness Motor Obstetrics Pediatrics Pharmacology Procedure Psychiatry Radiology Seizure Sensory Sports Medicine Surgery Tremor Page Examination Index Approach CN CN 1 CN 2 CN 3 CN 4 CN 5 CN 6 CN 7 CN 8 CN 9 CN 10 CN 11 CN 12 Cognitive Cognitive Agnosia Cognitive Aphasia Cognitive Apraxia Cognitive Executive Function Cognitive Memory Cognitive Mental Status Cognitive Mental Status ACE Cognitive Mental Status Mini Cognitive Mental Status Screening Cognitive NPIQ Cognitive Test CAM Cold Calorics CV CVA Assess Hospital NIH Score

26. NIH Stroke Scale dysphagia Evaluation Swallowing Exam. Swallowing Evaluation afterStroke. dysphagia after Cerebrovascular Accident. Book, http://www.fpnotebook.com/NEU74.htm

Home About Links Index ... Editor's Choice Paid Advertisement (click above). Please see the privacy statement Neurology Examination Cranial Nerve ... Two Point Discrimination Assorted Pages Neurologic Exam Oculovestibular Testing NIH Stroke Scale Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen ... Reflex Exam NIH Stroke Scale Book Home Page Cardiovascular Medicine Dental Dermatology Emergency Medicine Endocrinology Gastroenterology General Medicine Geriatric Medicine Gynecology Hematology and Oncology HIV Infectious Disease Jokes Laboratory Neonatology Nephrology Neurology Obstetrics Ophthalmology Orthopedics Otolaryngology Pediatrics Pharmacology Prevention Psychiatry Pulmonology Radiology Rheumatology Sports Medicine Surgery Urology Chapter Neurology Index Autonomic Cerebellum Chorea Cranial Nerve Cognitive CSF Cardiovascular Medicine Demyelinating Disability Examination Ophthalmology Gynecology Headache Infectious Disease Laboratory General Level of Consciousness Motor Obstetrics Pediatrics Pharmacology Procedure Psychiatry Radiology Seizure Sensory Sports Medicine Surgery Tremor Page Examination Index Approach CN CN 1 CN 2 CN 3 CN 4 CN 5 CN 6 CN 7 CN 8 CN 9 CN 10 CN 11 CN 12 Cognitive Cognitive Agnosia Cognitive Aphasia Cognitive Apraxia Cognitive Executive Function Cognitive Memory Cognitive Mental Status Cognitive Mental Status ACE Cognitive Mental Status Mini Cognitive Mental Status Screening Cognitive NPIQ Cognitive Test CAM Cold Calorics CV CVA Assess Hospital NIH Score CVA Assess Prehospital LAPSS CVA Dysphagia ENT Cavernous Sinus ENT Dysphagia

27. Dysphagia A cause of dysphagia. Good results from balloon dilatation are obtainedin most patients with 60% of patients dysphagia free at 5 years. http://www.surgical-tutor.org.uk/tutorials/achalasia.htm

Up Male breast lesion Abdominal mass Mutiple calculi ... A venous disorder [ Dysphagia ] Scrotal swelling Recurrent UTIs Neck lump 2 Facial ulcer ... Congenital GI lesion A cause of dysphagia 1. What is this radiological investigation? 2. What diagnostic features does it show? This is a barium swallow showing the typical 'rat tail' appearance of achalasia of the cardia. Achalasia of the cardia is a functional failure of relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter. Histological examination shows degeneration of the ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus and changes within the Vagus nerves. Lymphocytic infiltration is often seen with fibrosis occurring in chromic cases. The aetiology is unknown although infection with a neurotropic virus affecting the autonomic nervous system has been suggested. Chagas' disease due to infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, seen in South America, results in damage to the myenteric plexus and causing similar oesophageal appearances. Achalasia is a disease of middle age with equal preponderance in either sex. The commonest clinical presentation is with insidious onset of dysphagia with patients often having symptoms for several years before seeking medical advice. This is in contrast to the symptoms of oesophageal cancer where the symptoms progress over weeks and months. Dysphagia occurs with both solids and fluids often helping in differentiating it from mechanical obstruction where symptoms occur with solids before fluids. Other presenting symptoms include weight loss, regurgitation and chest complaints, particularly nocturnal cough and wheeze. Approximately 10% of patients develop the more serious respiratory complications of aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess and bronchiectasis. About 5% of patients with long standing disease develop squamous carcinoma of the oesophagus. This is thought to result from prolonged exposure to carcinogens in food.

28. Chronic Dysphagia Chronic dysphagia. This 59 yearold man presented with a six month historyof dysphagia to solids. In advanced cases dysphagia to liquids may occur. http://www.surgical-tutor.org.uk/tutorials/peptic_stricture.htm

Up Male breast lesion Abdominal mass Mutiple calculi ... Jaundice [ Chronic dysphagia ] Chronic cough Congenital GI lesion Chronic dysphagia This 59 year-old man presented with a six month history of dysphagia to solids 1. What was seen at his endoscopy? 2. What is the most likely aetiology? 3. How should the patient be investigated and managed? The endoscopic appearances are those of a benign oesophageal stricture most commonly occurring in the distal oesophagus as a result of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). These strictures are also occasionally referred to as peptic strictures. Other causes of benign oesophageal stricture include: Corrosive ingestion Medication (pill-induced stricture) Iatrogenic Crohn's disease Eosinophilic oesophagitis Congenital webs or rings Prolonged GORD results in chronic inflammation and fibrosis which in advanced cases can involve the full thickness of the oesophageal wall and can result in oesophageal shortening. Most peptic strictures are however less than 1 cm in length. Between 5 and 10% of patients with GORD will develop a peptic stricture, often having had symptoms for a number of years. The incidence of peptic strictures has decreased in recent years, probably due to the widespread use of acid suppression therapy. In those patients who develop a stricture, the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure, oesophageal motility and gastric emptying are more severely impaired than in those patients with GORD who have not developed this complication.

29. Senior Living: Dysphagia Causes of dysphagia. dysphagia M. Louay Omran, MD Dr. Omran is Assistant Professorin the Division of Geriatrics at Saint Louis University School of Medicine. http://www.thedoctorwillseeyounow.com/articles/senior_living/dysphagia_10/

IN THIS ARTICLE Swallowing: three stages Causes of dysphagia Symptoms Diagnosis ... Treatment On long airplane rides, drink lots of water and get up and walk around as much as possible. more... OTHER TOPICS GERD Eating disorders Irritable bowel Dysphagia M. Louay Omran, M.D. Dr. Omran is Assistant Professor in the Division of Geriatrics at Saint Louis University School of Medicine. Dysphagia, or difficulty in swallowing, is not a disease in itself but a condition that can be brought on by many different causes because swallowing is a delicate process, easily disturbed. Some causes are minor and quickly treatable; others are serious, even life-threatening. Although it can be as difficult to find the right treatment for dysphagia, as it is to define a precise cause, good treatments do exist for most forms of this condition. Unfortunately, as a recent European study has confirmed, dysphagia often goes undetected and either untreated or undertreated. How Swallowing Works To understand dysphagia, it is helpful to start by understanding how we swallow. The swallowing process is surprisingly intricate, involving both conscious and unconscious actions carried out by more than 40 pairs of muscles that must be finely coordinated. Doctors divide the swallowing process into three phases oral, oropharyngeal and esophageal. Dysphagia occurs when something interferes with either the second or third phase. The Three Stages of Swallowing In the oral phase, we take food or drink into our mouths and then push it into the back of the mouth toward the upper part of the throat, through which we both breathe and swallow.

30. Dysphagia Therapy for swallowing disorders may be provided for infants, childrenor adults. Infants may have difficulty sucking or chewing. http://www.tlcrehab.net/dysphagia.htm

Dysphagia Return to Main Page Vestibular Dysfunction Incontinence Cardiac ... Augmentative Communication Dysphagia Return to Main Page Belleview Beverly Hills Crystal River ... Dunnellon We accept Medicare, Medicaid, Workmans Comp and Private Insurance

31. Dysphagia TITLE dysphagia SOURCE Grand Rounds Presentation, UTMB, Dept. ofOtolaryngology dysphagia. Evaluation of dysphagia. History In http://www.utmb.edu/otoref/Grnds/Dysphagia-2001-11/Dysphagia-2001-11.htm

TITLE: Dysphagia SOURCE: Grand Rounds Presentation, UTMB, Dept. of Otolaryngology DATE: November 21, 2001 RESIDENT PHYSICIAN: Shashidhar Reddy , MD FACULTY PHYSICIAN: Matthew W. Ryan, MD SERIES EDITORS: Francis B. Quinn, Jr., MD and Matthew W. Ryan, MD Grand Rounds Index UTMB Otolaryngology Home Page "This material was prepared by resident physicians in partial fulfillment of educational requirements established for the Postgraduate Training Program of the UTMB Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery and was not intended for clinical use in its present form. It was prepared for the purpose of stimulating group discussion in a conference setting. No warranties, either express or implied, are made with respect to its accuracy, completeness, or timeliness. The material does not necessarily reflect the current or past opinions of members of the UTMB faculty and should not be used for purposes of diagnosis or treatment without consulting appropriate literature sources and informed professional opinion." Physiology of Swallowing Dysphagia is defined as difficulty swallowing.

32. Advanced Search AFP June 15, 2000. Evaluating dysphagia. MICHAEL R. SPIEKER, CAPT, MC, USN NavalHospital, Jacksonville, Florida 8. TABLE 1 Differential Diagnoses of dysphagia. http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000615/3639.html

Advanced Search Evaluating Dysphagia MICHAEL R. SPIEKER, CAPT, MC, USN Naval Hospital, Jacksonville, Florida Dysphagia is a problem that commonly affects patients cared for by family physicians in the office, as hospital inpatients and as nursing home residents. Familiar medical problems, including cerebrovascular accidents, gastroesophageal reflux disease and medication-related side effects, often lead to complaints of dysphagia. Stroke patients are at particular risk of aspiration because of dysphagia. Classifying dysphagia as oropharyngeal, esophageal and obstructive, or neuromuscular symptom complexes leads to a successful diagnosis in 80 to 85 percent of patients. Based on the patient history and physical examination, barium esophagram and/or gastroesophageal endoscopy can confirm the diagnosis. Special studies and consultation with subspecialists can confirm difficult diagnoses and help guide treatment strategies. (Am Fam Physician 2000;61:3639-48.) C omplaints of dysphagia (difficult swallowing) are common, especially in aging persons. Approximately 7 to 10 percent of adults older than 50 years have dysphagia, although this number may be artificially low because many patients with this problem may never seek medical care.

33. Swallowing Disorders dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) can be either a structural or a functionalproblem; either can cause obstruction, misdirection of the food bolus, or http://icarus.med.utoronto.ca/carr/manual/swallow.html

Swallowing Disorders MM Carr DDS MD MEd Not yet Reviewed Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) can be either a structural or a functional problem; either can cause obstruction, misdirection of the food bolus, or fragmentation of the bolus, which causes patients' symptoms. Key Points of History Look for airway or voice problems as clues to subclinical swallowing disorders. Signs of reflux Hoarseness Globus sensation Episodes of laryngospasm Regurgitation Bitter taste Heartburn Chest pain/pressure Signs of pooling Wet voice Throat clearing cough Sneezing, rhinorrhea, post-nasal drip Signs of aspiration Cough-choke episodes with feeding Wheezing Others: Progressive dysphagia for solids-suggests structural lesion Dysphagia for liquids-suggests neurologic lesion Odynophagia (painful swallowing)-suggests spasm, mucosal ulcer, or distention Weight loss Other systemic disorders-for example, autoimmune diseases, anemia Key Points of Physical Exam Oral cavity Tongue tremor, fasciculations, tone, control Labial competence Gag reflex Soft palate lesions or scarring Pharynx Look for pooled secretions in the vallecula, piriform fossae

34. EMedicine - Dysphagia : Article By Nam-Jong Paik, MD, PhD dysphagia dysphagia is a Greek word that means disordered eating.Typically, dysphagia refers to difficulty in eating as a result http://www.emedicine.com/pmr/topic194.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Stroke Dysphagia Last Updated: July 3, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: swallowing disorders, deglutition disorders AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Nam-Jong Paik, MD, PhD , Assistant Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea Nam-Jong Paik, MD, PhD, is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine Editor(s): Milton J Klein, DO , Consulting Staff, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sewickley Valley Hospital and Ohio Valley General Hospital; Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD , Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine; Richard Salcido, MD , Chairman, Erdman Professor of Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Kelly L Allen, MD

35. DYSPHAGIA - ELDER CORNER - Dysphagia, Health Care Products, Senior Care Related Books, dysphagia Difficulty swallowing is called dysphagia(disFAY-jee-uh). It can be painful, as well as annoying. Causes http://www.eldercorner.com/healthcenter/library_dysphagia.asp

Alzheimer's Disease Arthritis Cataracts Depression ... Related Books Dysphagia Difficulty swallowing is called dysphagia (dis-FAY-jee-uh). It can be painful, as well as annoying. Causes vary but in many cases effective treatments are available. Information provided by Mayo Clinic Health Oasis. Contact: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association 10801 Rockville Pike Rockville, MD 20852 Related Products: Satin Cervical Pillow This unique pillow provides the correct support and helps relax muscles. Details >> Cradle Sleep Pillow Sleep well on this anatomically correct cradle pillow. Details >> Bed Wedge This bed wedge is perfect for watching television or reading in bed. Details >> About Us Health Center Store ... Home Email: info@eldercorner.com Tel: Web Site developed by Innovative Internet Marketing Solutions

36. Dysphagia OroPharyngeal dysphagia. Causes of oro-pharyngeal dysphagia. Diagnosis oro-pharyngealdysphagia. Videofluoroscopic recording of barium swallow. http://www.anemgi.org/html/dysphagia.html

Home Dysphagia Vomiting Satiety ... Pain Oro-Pharyngeal Dysphagia Causes of oro-pharyngeal dysphagia All CNS disorders can variably affect the oral and/or pharyngeal phases of the deglutition act. Diagnosis oro-pharyngeal dysphagia Videofluoroscopic recording of barium swallow. Management oro-pharyngeal dysphagia majority of patients: retraining and rehabilitative swallowing maneuvers. specific groups of patients percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy; cricopharyngeal myotomy or endoscopic botulin injection Esophageal Dysphagia, HeartBurn, Regurgitation Causes of esophageal dysphagia, heartburn, regurgitation All CNS disorders, more frequently in cerebral palsy, can variably induce gastro-esophageal reflux and esophagitis, and occasionally achalasic-like dysfunctions. Achalasia Diagnosis of esophageal dysphagia, heartburn, regurgitation Videofluoroscopic recording of barium swallow Upper GI endoscopy pH-metry Manometry Management of esophageal dysphagia, heartburn, regurgitation GE reflux-Esophagitis: H2-antagonists; proton pump inhibitors, cisapride; domperidone; sucralfate; surgery, Nissen fundoplication

37. Alimed - Medical Supply & Ergonomic Products 0. Home / Rehabilitation / dysphagia 1 5 of 75 products NEXT. ClinicalManagement Of dysphagia In Adults And Children, By Leora Reiff Cherney. http://www.alimed.com/product_list.cfm?VMID=13&CategoryID=349

38. Alimed - Medical Supply & Ergonomic Products 0. Home / Rehabilitation / dysphagia Foods 1 1 of 1 products. ReadyCareThickened Apple Juice And Water, Specially formulated juices http://www.alimed.com/product_list.cfm?VMID=13&CategoryID=350

39. Dysphagia dysphagia is the medical term for difficulty swallowing, or the feelingthat food is sticking in your throat or chest. The feeling http://www.healthandage.com/html/res/com/ConsConditions/Dysphagiacc.html

Table of Contents Conditions Dysphagia Also Listed As: Signs and Symptoms What Causes It? What to Expect at Your Provider's Office Treatment Options ... Supporting Research Dysphagia is the medical term for difficulty swallowing, or the feeling that food is "sticking" in your throat or chest. The feeling is actually in your esophagus, the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach. You may experience dysphagia when swallowing solid foods, liquids, or both. Oropharyngeal dysphagia involves difficulty moving food from your mouth into your upper esophagus. Esophageal dysphagia involves difficulty moving food through your esophagus to your stomach. Dysphagia can affect you at any age, although the likelihood increases as you grow older. Signs and Symptoms The following are symptoms of oropharyngeal dysphagia. Difficulty trying to swallow Choking or breathing saliva into your lungs while swallowing Coughing while swallowing Regurgitating liquid through your nose Breathing in food while swallowing Weak voice Weight loss The following are symptoms of esophageal dysphagia.

40. Dysphagia: - BNF dysphagia Complete foods Complan readyto-drink; Enfamil AR; Enrich and EnrichPlus; Ensure; Ensure Powder; Foodlink Complete; Frebini Original; Fresubin http://bnf.vhn.net/bnf/documents/bnf.6805.html

BNF No. 44 (September 2002) General information and late changes Guidance on prescribing Emergency treatment of poisoning ... Nurse Prescribers' Formulary Dysphagia: Complete foods: Complan ready-to-drink; Enfamil AR; Enrich and Enrich Plus; Ensure; Ensure Powder; Foodlink Complete; Frebini Original; Fresubin Energy, Fresubin Energy Fibre (sip and tube feed), Fresubin Original Fibre; Fresubin Original Liquid and Sip Feeds, Fresubin 1000, and Fresubin 1200 Complete; Isosource Energy, Fibre and Standard; Jevity and Plus; Novasource GI Control, and Forte; Nutrini Fibre and Standard; Nutrison Multi Fibre, Energy Multi Fibre, Soya and Standard; Osmolite Liquid and Plus; Paediasure Liquid, Liquid with fibre and Plus; Sondalis Fibres, ISO, Junior and 1.5. Nutritional supplements: Clinutren Dessert, Fruit, ISO and 1.5; Clinutren Thickened Drinks, Enlive; Ensure Plus; Formance; Forticreme; Fortifresh; Fortijuce; Fortimel; Fortisip; Fortisip Multi Fibre; Fresubin HP Energy; Isosource Energy, Fibre and Standard; Nutrison Energy and MCT; Protenplus; Provide Xtra; Resource Energy Dessert; Resource Benefiber, Protein Extra, ThickenUp, Thickened Squash, and Shake; Survimed OPD. Note . Dysphagia is defined as that associated with intrinsic disease of the oesophagus, e.g. oesophagitis; neuromuscular disorders, e.g. multiple sclerosis and motor neurone disease; major surgery and/or radiotherapy for cancer of the upper digestive tract; protracted severe inflammatory disease of the upper digestive tract, e.g. Stevens-Johnson syndrome and epidermolysis bullosa

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