1. Canine Tick Diseases A good, though brief (less than 1024 chars), description of your site. A new species of Ehrlichia, E. Chaffeensis, has recently been identified as the cause of human ehrlichiosis. http://www.k9web.com/dog-faqs/medical/tick-diseases.html

Canine Tick Diseases Author Lynda Adame, adame@venice.dh.trw.com Table of Contents Babesiosis Ehrlichiosis Babesiosis What Is It: Babesiosis is a tick-borne hemoprotozoan (blood) disease. The organism is called Babesia, the disease is called Babesiosis. Species: Babesia canis, Babesia gibsoni Primary Vector: Brown Dog Tick (must feed a minimum of 2-3 days to transmit) Other Vectors: Deer Tick, blood transfusion, contaminated needles and instruments, transplacental. Diagnosis: There are two tests being used by Veterinarians to detect infection: 1) The IFA (Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Assay) test is used to detect the presence of antibodies to the disease in a dogs blood serum. This test will determine a titer level; less than 1:40 is considered Negative (minimal exposure), a titer above 1:80 is considered Positive for an active infection. The IFA is considered the most reliable test for detecting infection. 2) The Giemsa Smear is used to locate the actual organism in the dogs blood. Despite appropriate staining technique and intensive film examination, the organisms frequently cannot be found. Titer info: Titers counts double: 1:10, 1:20, 1:40, 1:80, 1:160, and so on. A high titer can be caused by repeated exposure to the disease, a large number of active organisms in the blood, or a better immune system response of a specific dog. (i.e. a dog responds naturally with more antibodies than another dog).

2. Ehrlichiosis Facts Newly discovered rickettsial diseases transmitted by ticks. Includes symptoms, treatment, and prevention. http://www.astdhpphe.org/infect/ehrlichiosis.html

Ehrlichiosis Most infections are mild or without symptoms, but some can be severe and life-threatening. Ehrlichiosis can usually be treated with antibiotics. Prevention centers on avoiding exposure to ticks and removing attached ticks promptly. What is ehrlichiosis? Ehrlichiosis is a newly recognized and potentially life-threatening disease that is spread by ticks. Since 1986, two types of human ehrlichiosis have been identified in the United States: human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE). The illnesses differ in the types of white blood cells they attack either monocytes or granulocytes. What is the infectious agent that causes ehrlichiosis? Ehrlichiosis is caused by specialized bacteria called rickettsiae. HME is caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis . HGE is caused by a newly identified but as yet unnamed Ehrlichia Where is ehrlichiosis found? In the United States, HME has so far been concentrated in the southeast and south-central regions. HGE has been found mainly in the upper midwestern and northeastern states, but also in northern California. How do people get ehrlichiosis?

3. Ehrlichiosis Short scientific article with bibliography on the disease in humans and animals. http://chppm-www.apgea.army.mil/ento/erlichio.htm

US ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE Entomological Sciences Program EHRLICHIOSIS (21 July 1994) In response to questions resulting from the recent news reports of 'new tick-borne illness causing deaths in the Midwest,' the following information is provided: Ehrlichioses are diseases caused by rickettsia-like organisms, which are extremely small, intracellular bacteria belonging to the family Rickettsiaceae, genus Ehrlichia (Tansill 1984). Ehrlichiosis was first described in Algerian dogs in 1935 (Donatien et al. 1935, Bakken 1994), and in the 1960s, a number of military guard dogs stationed in Vietnam died from complications of a hemorrhagic illness caused by Ehrlichia canis (Keefe et al. 1982). Human ehrlichiosis is a more recently recognized disease. The first diagnosed case occurred in 1986 in a 51-yr-old man from Detroit who had been exposed to ticks in a rural area of Arkansas (Maeda et al. 1987). In 1990, the agent of human ehrlichiosis was isolated from the blood of a U.S. Army reservist at Fort Chaffee, AR (Dawson et al. 1991). The newly recognized organism was named E. chaffeensis

4. Ehrlichiosis Page A clinical and comprehensive examination of this tickborne canine disease which is a silent and deadly Category Health Animal Parasite or Organism Related......ehrlichiosis A Silent and Deadly Killer By Jan Hendricks, Border TerrierBreeder Bob Wilson, Border Terrier Owner. THE STAGES OF ehrlichiosis. http://www.srv.net/~cdm/Pooch/ehrlichia.html

Ehrlichiosis A Silent and Deadly Killer By Jan Hendricks , Border Terrier Breeder Bob Wilson , Border Terrier Owner You are visitor number: since 11/30/1999 Contents Foreword by Dr. Ibulaimu Kakoma DVM PhD Purpose The Trip To The Vet Ehrlichia - What Is It? How Is It Transmitted? ... Information Gathered by Susan Netboy Treatment Of Ehrlichiosis Conclusion Acknowledgements Postscript by Bob Wilson - Border Terrier Owner Download Microsoft Word 6.0 version of document. Download ASCII Text version of document. (Thanks to Chuck Clark for going to the trouble of stripping the HTML out and making it pretty) Return to Dale's Page Foreword Dr. Ibulaimu Kakoma DVM PhD The authors are right in indicating that diseases have no borders. Today the definition of a tropical disease could not have been more nebulous and blurred! That is why we have task forces in USA and Europe to deal with "Emerging diseases" which show up suddenly and unexpectedly. In some ways ehrlichiosis meets that definition. This raises the issue of training in tropical medicine.

5. Canine Ehrlichiosis ehrlichiosis. CLINICAL FEATURES. Fever, headache, malaise are common http://www.mesavet.com/library/ehrlich.htm

Canine Ehrlichiosis What it is Symptoms The disease has two phases, acute and chronic. The acute phase occurs 1-3 weeks following tick exposure. Clinical signs of illness are rather nonspecific and may include listlessness, swollen lymph nodes, anorexia, fever, and discharge from the nose and eyes. The signs of the chronic phase may include those mentioned for the acute phase plus nosebleeds or other abnormal bleeding and weight loss. The chronic phase may occur several months following the acute phase. In both phases, the damage done to the body relates to destruction and decreased production of all blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets). This leads to anemia, decreased resistance to disease, infection and abnormal bleeding. German Shepherds seem especially susceptible to the disease. Diagnosis Although clinical signs and a history of prior tick infestation are helpful, accurate diagnosis depends upon blood testing. Treatment The acute phase of the disease usually responds to treatment within a short period of time. The chronic phase is difficult to treat and may require several months of therapy. Treatment for both phases usually involves specific antibiotics, but may include other supportive care.

6. Species Jump: Human Ehrlichiosis- Mutant Or Emergence? Research article on the disease. Includes organism description, similar organisms, symptoms, bibliography, and speculation on the origin of the rickettsia. http://www.doofus.org/mercatroid/ehrlichia.html

StudyWeb By Belinda Williams Species Jump: Human Ehrlichiosis- Mutant or Emergence? Introduction: Ehrlichia are gram negative, nonmotile, obligate intracellular coccobacilli belonging to the family Rickettsiaceae with much similarity both in structure and disease to the pathogens responsible for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever,Q-fever, and Typhus. Ehrlichiosis is a tick borne zoonotic infection which passes into mammalian host blood via tick bites. Three tick species have been identified as vectors of Ehrlichia infection; Ixodes scapularis (deer tick), Amblyomma americanum (Lone Star tick), and Dermacentor variabilis (American Dog tick). Clinical Signs and Symptoms: Symptoms of ehrlichiosis in cattle, dogs, and horses resemble the human infection, although horses developswollen legs as well, which clues veterinarians to the possibility of Ehrlichia infection. One researcher, Dr. John E. Madigan at university of California Davis school of veterinary medicine has noted correlation between outbreaks of equine ehrlichiosis and human cases. "If horses are getting it (ehrlichiosis) in a certain geographical region, people are getting it also," he said. "Veterinarians are very skilled at identifying ehrlichiosis in horses. The appearance of the disease in horses should serve as a marker for public health officials to the potential of human infections occurring in the same area. Treatment: Ehrlichia bacteria are susceptible to a broad spectrum of antibiotics, with tetracycline and doxycycline the drugs of choice. Since these drugs can result in abnormal tooth coloration in children, infected children are usually treated with chloramphenicol as an effective alternative. Severe cases may require hospitalization in order to monitor organ function and leukocyte titers and to administer intraveinous fluid replacement. Additional antibiotics may be necessary if secondary infection occurs. There have been cases of spontaneous recovery in the absence of treatment.

7. Hotline - Human Ehrlichiosis Update Includes bibliography, history of the disease, cause, symptoms, laboratory findings, treatment, and prevention. http://www.uhl.uiowa.edu/Publications/Hotline/1995All/ehrlichiosis.html

Hotline Aug 95 - Human Ehrlichiosis Update Volume 34, No. 2, pp. 3-4 Human Ehrlichiosis Update NOTE: Media coverage of the recent investigations of possible human ehrlichiosis in New York has resulted in a number of inquires about how to obtain laboratory testing for the disease. Coincidentally, the Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released a fact sheet which addresses diagnosis, treatment and epidemiology of ehrlichiosis. The text of that notice is reprinted below as a public service. Human Ehrlichiosis in the United States Two emerging tick-borne diseases caused by Ehrlichia spp. have been recognized in the United States in the last decade: human ehrlichiosis due to Ehrlichia chaffeensis , recognized in 1986, and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE), recognized in 1993. Over 400 cases of human ehrlichiosis due to E. chaffeensis have been reported in 30 states, primarily in the southeastern and south central regions. To date, fewer than 100 cases of HGE have been confirmed in Connecticut, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and New York. Additional suspect cases are currently being investigated in Maryland, California, and Florida. HGE has been associated with four fatalities, and E. chaffeensis

8. Ehrlichiosis Page Concerned dog owner has prepared a review of this deadly, tickborne disease to alert others to the signs, and encourage early treatment. ehrlichiosis. A Silent and Deadly Killer. By. Jan Hendricks, Border Terrier Breeder http://www.srv.net/~cdm/Dale/ehrlichia.html

Ehrlichiosis A Silent and Deadly Killer By Jan Hendricks , Border Terrier Breeder Bob Wilson , Border Terrier Owner You are visitor number: since 11/30/1999 Contents Foreword by Dr. Ibulaimu Kakoma DVM PhD Purpose The Trip To The Vet Ehrlichia - What Is It? How Is It Transmitted? ... Information Gathered by Susan Netboy Treatment Of Ehrlichiosis Conclusion Acknowledgements Postscript by Bob Wilson - Border Terrier Owner Download Microsoft Word 6.0 version of document. Download ASCII Text version of document. (Thanks to Chuck Clark for going to the trouble of stripping the HTML out and making it pretty) Return to Dale's Page Foreword Dr. Ibulaimu Kakoma DVM PhD The authors are right in indicating that diseases have no borders. Today the definition of a tropical disease could not have been more nebulous and blurred! That is why we have task forces in USA and Europe to deal with "Emerging diseases" which show up suddenly and unexpectedly. In some ways ehrlichiosis meets that definition. This raises the issue of training in tropical medicine.

9. Human Ehrlichioses In The United States, Introduction Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch Human ehrlichiosisin the United States VRZB Home DVRD Home NCID Home, http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/ehrlichia/Index.htm

Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch Human Ehrlichiosis in the United States VRZB Home DVRD Home NCID Home Contents Introduction The Organisms Natural History Epidemiology Laboratory Detection ... Glossary Introduction Toward the end of the 19th century, scientists began to understand the important potential for ticks to act as transmitters of disease. In the last decades of the 20th century, several tick-borne diseases have been recognized in the United States, including babesiosis Lyme disease , and ehrlichiosis. Ehrlichiosis is caused by several bacterial species in the genus Ehrlichia (pronounced err-lick-ee-uh) which have been recognized since 1935. Over several decades, veterinary pathogens that caused disease in dogs, cattle, sheep, goats, and horses were identified. Currently, three species of Ehrlichia in the United States and one in Japan are known to cause disease in humans; others could be recognized in the future as methods of detection improve. In 1953, the first ehrlichial pathogen of humans was identified in Japan. Sennetsu fever, caused by

10. Human Ehrlichioses In The United States, Introduction family Rickettsiaceae, genus Ehrlichia (Tansill 1984). ehrlichiosis was first described in Algerian dogs in 1935 http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/ehrlichia

Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch Human Ehrlichiosis in the United States VRZB Home DVRD Home NCID Home Contents Introduction The Organisms Natural History Epidemiology Laboratory Detection ... Glossary Introduction Toward the end of the 19th century, scientists began to understand the important potential for ticks to act as transmitters of disease. In the last decades of the 20th century, several tick-borne diseases have been recognized in the United States, including babesiosis Lyme disease , and ehrlichiosis. Ehrlichiosis is caused by several bacterial species in the genus Ehrlichia (pronounced err-lick-ee-uh) which have been recognized since 1935. Over several decades, veterinary pathogens that caused disease in dogs, cattle, sheep, goats, and horses were identified. Currently, three species of Ehrlichia in the United States and one in Japan are known to cause disease in humans; others could be recognized in the future as methods of detection improve. In 1953, the first ehrlichial pathogen of humans was identified in Japan. Sennetsu fever, caused by

11. The Human Ehrlichioses In The United States Back to article Figure 1. Average annual incidence of reported human monocyticehrlichiosis (HME) by county, using 1995 population census data (29). http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol5no5/mcquistonG.htm

Synopses The Human Ehrlichioses in the United States Jennifer H. McQuiston, Christopher D. Paddock, Robert C. Holman, and James E. Childs Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Back to article Figure 1. Average annual incidence of reported human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) by county, using 1995 population census data (29). Includes states that consider ehrlichiosis notifiable, as well as states that routinely collect information on ehrlichiosis cases. Michigan, South Carolina, and Tennessee are not included because cases of HME and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis were not distinguished by the state health departments. County-specific incidence could not be calculated for North Carolina or Pennsylvania because county of occurrence was not provided by the state health departments. Back to article Figure 2. Average annual incidence of reported human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) by county, using 1995 population census data (29). Includes states that consider ehrlichiosis notifiable, as well as states that routinely collect information on ehrlichiosis cases. Michigan, South Carolina, and Tennessee are not included because cases of human monocytic ehrlichiosis and HGE were not distinguished by the state health departments. County-specific incidence could not be calculated for North Carolina or Pennsylvania because county of occurrence was not provided by the state health departments Back to article Figure 3. Reported cases of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) in the United States, 1986-1997 (includes cases from states that consider ehrlichiosis notifiable, as well as states that routinely collect information). Because yearly summaries of reported cases were not available for Missouri, data from this state are not included. The number of states where ehrlichiosis was notifiable increased from 7 in 1994 to 17 in 1997.

12. Animal And Zoonotic Disease Surveillance Federation of American Scientists' project for proactive surveillance of zoonoses and other animal diseases. Includes information on rabies, West Nile fever, ehrlichiosis, equine encephalitis, anthrax, Pfiesteria, mad cow disease, deformed frogs, and diseases of both wildlife and farm animals. http://www.fas.org/ahead/

ILIAD-Tanzania Agro-terrorism ProMED Search Project ... The Role of Disease Surveillance in the Watch for Agro-terrorism or Economic Sabotage FAS addresses these issues through public education and international collaboration. The project's operational arm, ILIAD-Tanzania , is a pilot test of a surveillance system designed for remote rural areas in developing or reorganizing countries. Eschewing passive surveillance in favor of a pro-active, response-oriented, continuously operating network that begins at the village level, this system offers the promise of timely and accurate disease detection, diagnosis, prevention, and control. As a fully collaborative program between veterinary service workers, local farmers, wildlife conservation personnel and local governments, it provides a logistical framework for treatment, education and outbreak reporting. It is anticipated that the program will, over time, alleviate poverty in remote villages by increasing livestock and poultry production, control zoonotic diseases in human populations, and prevent disease epidemics in wild animal populations. Special Reports and Outbreak Maps: Chronic Wasting Disease in American Elk and Deer (map) Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Afghan War Theatre (map) Misconceptions about Anthrax Anthrax in the United States: 1997-2002 (maps) Bluetongue: Mediterranean Emergence - Chronicling the Spread from 1997-2002 (map) Outbreak Map Archive News: ProMED-AHEAD-mail Outbreak Reports OIE Weekly Status Reports AnimalNet Archives FAS Disease Archive Continuing Concerns:

13. Ehrlichiosis ehrlichiosis. JS Mathew, BVSc, MS SA Ewing, DVM, Ph D. Ehrlichia risticii isthe causative agent of Potomac horse fever or equine monocytic ehrlichiosis. http://www.cvm.okstate.edu/~users/vpara001/htdocs/ehrlichi/ehrlic_1.htm

Ehrlichiosis Department of Infectious Diseases and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-2006 Ehrlichiosis is a disease that affects a variety of animals including human beings; caused by obligatorily intracellular bacteria belonging to the genus Ehrlichia (Classification in Fig. 1 ). There are several species assigned to this genus and those for which the vectors are known are transmitted by ixodid ticks. Ehrlichial organisms infect predominantly white blood cells of their vertebrate hosts; one exception is Ehrlichia platys which infects dog platelets. The organisms appear in clusters known as morulae in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Ehrlichial organisms are classified as agranulocytic ( Fig.2 ) or granulocytic ( Fig.3 ) based on the cells they infect and one that infect platelets ( Fig.4 ). The species currently assigned to the genus Ehrlichia are as follows: Ehrlichia canis (Donatien and Lestoquard 1935), Moshkovski 1945 Ehrlichia canis was the first ehrlichial organism to be discovered and is the type species of the genus E. canis

14. Tick-Borne Illness Memorial Page A memorial page dedicated to those who have died of tickborne illness- Lyme disease, Tularemia (aka Rabbit Fever ), Babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, Colorado Tick Fever, Relapsing Fever, Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. http://www.angelfire.com/punk/lymedisease/memorial.html

Tick-Borne Illness Memorial Page "Ill-favored ticks ...the foulest and nastiest creatures that be." - Pliny the Elder (23-79 A.D.) "Lyme disease is a real, national health threat." - Senator Joseph Lieberman, Connecticut, 1997. These pages are dedicated to those who have died of Tick-Borne Illness: Lyme disease, Bartonella, Q Fever, Tularemia, Babesiosis, Ehrlichiosis, Relapsing Fever, Colorado Tick Fever, Tick-Borne Encephalitis, Rickettsia Helvetica, Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. If you have a loved one who has died of a tick-borne illness and you would like to see them on this page, you are more than welcome. Please email AramSarah@cs.com, given again at the bottom of this page. Please provide as much information as possible and any page preferences. This site also links to Memorial Pages made by people's families or friends. Even, if reading a newspaper, you find an article or Obituary about someone who has died of a Tick-Borne Illness, please email the contact person so they may be included. Most, but not all of the people on this site have a Tick-Borne Illness on their death certificate as Cause of Death.

15. Tick Research Laboratory University of Rhode Island site engaged in research about tickborne diseases. Photo gallery and information about Lyme disease, babesiosis, and ehrlichiosis. http://www.riaes.org/resources/ticklab/

The University of Rhode Island's Navigate this site Lyme Disease Information Tick Images and Movies Symptoms, Signs and Treatment Tick Links RI Agricultural Experiment Station University of Rhode Island Home THE TICK RESEARCH LABORATORY is a nonprofit adjunct of the Department of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Science at the University of Rhode Island. Major funding comes from the RI Agricultural Experiment Station . We are devoted to the study of various aspects of tick-borne diseases, especially Lyme disease, including epidemiology, prevention and control strategies. Since 1983, research on ticks and other ectoparasites of both mammals and birds has been in progress in this laboratory, and the results have been reported in scientific literature and at professional meetings. This work has been supported by various governmental and private agencies. NOTE: TICK TESTING AT URI HAS BEEN DISCONTINUED. Please see your health care provider for testing.

16. Infectious Diseases - Ehrlichiosis Infectious Diseases. ehrlichiosis. A new species of Ehrlichia, E. Chaffeensis,has recently been identified as the cause of human ehrlichiosis. http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/peds/pidl/infect/ehrlich.htm

PIDL Home/ Contents Development Nutrition Acute Illness ... Psychosocial Infectious Diseases EHRLICHIOSIS Ehrlichia organisms are one of several kinds of intracellular bacteria. Taxonomically, they are grouped with rickettsiae, but they can be distinguished by their unique tropism for circulating leukocytes. They are nonmotile, gram negative intracellular bacteria that replicate within the phagosome of the host cells. They are predominantly animal pathogens. Until recently, six species of Ehrlichia were thought to produce disease in animals and human beings. A new species of Ehrlichia, E. Chaffeensis , has recently been identified as the cause of human ehrlichiosis. E. canis infections were initially reported in Algerian dogs in 1935. Human ehrlichiosis was first reported in the United States in March 1986. Since the initial report, more than 257 cases of human ehrlichiosis have been diagnosed by or reported to the Center for Disease Control from 21 states in the United States. Cases have been primarily recognized along the Atlantic coast and in South Central areas, but a few cases have been reported from the Rocky Mountain states and as far as Washington state. The first case from outside the United States was recently reported from Portugal. Approximately 75% of human patients with ehrlichiosis have a history of tick bite, most of the remaining patients report having been in a tick-infested area. Therefore, it is easy to predict that most cases occur from March to October, when ticks are most prevalent. The median age of patients with ehrlichiosis is 42 years, compared with 31 years for patients with RMSF. However, several patients as young as 2 to 4 years have been reported.

17. BBI Clinical Laboratories Independent specialty clinical reference laboratory offering detection, confirmation, identification of tickborne diseases including Lyme disease, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis, and babesia. Includes information about tests. http://www.bbii.com/docsvr/docviewer.asp?DT=BC&DI=83

18. Page Moved - Ehrlichiosis ehrlichiosis, Version en español. What is ehrlichiosis? ehrlichiosis is a tickbornedisease which can be caused by either of two different Ehrlichia bacteria. http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/consumer/erlich.htm

location.href="/nysdoh/communicable_diseases/en/erlich.htm"; Page moved click here if your browser does not forward you to the new page. http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/communicable_diseases/en/erlich.htm

19. E - Ehrlichia ehrlichiosis. ehrlichiosis is caused by the rickettsial organism Ehrlichiacanis. For ehrlichiosis, the most common vector is the brown dog tick. http://www.vetinfo.com/dencyclopedia/deehrlichia.html

Vetinfo Canine Encyclopedia Feline Encyclopedia VetInfo Digest ... Your Turn Encyclopedia of Canine Veterinary Medical Information Ehrlichiosis Ehrlichiosis is caused by the rickettsial organism Ehrlichia canis. Other examples of rickettsial organisms are Riskettsia rickettsi, which causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Ehrlichia risticii, which causes Potomac Fever in horses. These organisms tend to be carried by ticks and other insect vectors, in some cases. For ehrlichiosis, the most common vector is the brown dog tick. For this reason, ehrlichiosis occurs anywhere this tick occurs. At present, it has been reported in 34 states, with the northern states being spared in most instances. The southeastern and south central states are the most heavily affected. A few cases of Ehrlichia canis infection have been reported in people after tick bites. The best method of diagnosing this disease is through testing of serum from the dog using an immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test. unfortunately, a positive test only indicates exposure. Still, in the presence of clinical signs or if the titer rises after treatment or stays consistently high, infection is strongly implied by the lab results. Back Vetinfo Canine Encyclopedia Feline Encyclopedia ... Links Last edited The entire content of the vetinfo.com website is and has been provided by

20. Tick Research Laboratory ehrlichiosis. During the past 10 years, two tickborne diseases caused by Ehrlichiaspp. Human Monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) was first described in 1986. http://www.riaes.org/resources/ticklab/ehrlich.html

EHRLICHIOSIS During the past 10 years, two tick-borne diseases caused by Ehrlichia spp. have been recognized in the United States. Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (HME) was first described in 1986. It is caused by E. chaffeensis , which was only discovered in 1991. Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis (HGE) , an alternative form of HME, was recognized as a new disease in 1993. Its causative agent is still uncertain; however, it is similar to another Ehrlichia equi described from horses. Both types of ehrlichiosis have similar clinical symptoms, ranging from a mild illness to a severe, life-threatening disease. Typically, infected individuals have fever, headache, malaise, chills, sweating, muscle aches, nausea, and vomiting. Also, either disease may cause leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and liver function abnormalities. Treatment with anitbiotics is effective when initiated early in the course of infection. Since 1986, approximately 400 cases (nine fatal) of HME have been confirmed in

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