41. Herpes Encephalitis MRI/SPECT Overlay Slice 20 HomeHelpClinicalTour 1, Slice 20. Click on sagittal image to select slice.Click on thin tickmark to change timepoint, or thick tickmark for overlay. http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/cases/case25/mr1-tc1/020.html

Home Help Clinical Tour 1 Slice 20 Click on sagittal image to select slice. Click on thin tickmark to change timepoint, or thick tickmark for overlay. Keith A. Johnson (keith@bwh.harvard.edu), J. Alex Becker (jabecker@mit.edu)

42. Herpes Encephalitis T2-weighted MR Slice 12 Tour 1 Next/Previous/Start Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) encephalitishas its own neuroanatomy. It tends to attack a part of the http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/cases/case25/mr1/012.html

Tour 1 Next Previous Start : Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) encephalitis has its own neuroanatomy. It tends to attack a part of the brain known as the "limbic system", a set of interconnected brain structures responsible for the integration of emotion, memory, and complex behavior. This disease is important to recognize because there is an effective drug treatment, acyclovir. We will see the limbic system on this tour, as shown by the lesions of a typical case of HSV encephalitis. HSV is ubiquitous, but fortunately, only 1 or 2 cases per million infected individuals develop the encephalitis of HSV each year in the US. It is the most frequently fatal of all encephalitides. In this set of images, there is a region of very bright signal on MR (and high blood flow on SPECT; use the buttons at right) in the medial temporal lobe at left (patient's right). This corresponds to an area of active viral leptomeningeal and brain tissue infection. Hemorrhage can occur acutely, but is not seen in this case. You can see obliteration of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle because of swelling of the hippocampus. The remainder of the brain is relatively hypoperfused (use the buttons at right) and structurally normal. The MR images were obtained 5 days after onset of symptoms, and the follow-up SPECT 23 days later. How did this patient's symptoms relate to the location of the lesions? Go to the next tour point.

43. Encephalitis Location WHO Health Topics encephalitis. encephalitis. Viral infections (seeencephalitis, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition. http://www.who.int/health_topics/encephalitis/en/

English Search Home Countries Health Topics ... WHO Sites Location: WHO Health Topics Encephalitis Encephalitis This page provides links to descriptions of activities, reports, news and events, as well as contacts and cooperating partners in the various WHO programmes and offices working on this topic. Also shown are links to related web sites and topics. MeSH scope note: Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition. RELATED SITES Infectious diseases index Communicable Diseases Surveillance and Response (CSR): Disease Info FACT SHEETS El Ni±o and its health impact DISEASE OUTBREAKS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Multi-country outbreak - Update 14 29 March 2003 Full text Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Multi-country outbreak - Update 13 28 March 2003 Full text Disease Outbreak News EMERGENCIES Drought in Eritrea Latest information GENERAL WHO INFORMATION Media Centre Press releases, statements, fact sheets, photographs and audio and video links.

44. InteliHealth: Encephalitis and crossreferenced in an AZ format. encephalitis. Health A to Z,Reviewed by the Faculty of Harvard Medical School encephalitis http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/9339/9886.html

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45. InteliHealth: Reviewed by the Faculty of Harvard Medical School encephalitis http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/9103/25982/210318.html?d=dmtHealth

46. Encephalitis Information System Information on encephalitis and Arboviruses http://eis.ifas.ufl.edu/

47. What Is Encephalitis? What is encephalitis? encephalitis is an inflamation of the brain andspinal cord usually caused by viral infection. Diseases such http://eis.ifas.ufl.edu/what.htm

What is Encephalitis? E ncephalitis is an inflamation of the brain and spinal cord usually caused by viral infection. Diseases such as rabies, polyomelitis, and herpes encephalitis are all caused by virus infections that affect the brain and spinal cord and are transmitted in a variety of ways. Arboviral encephalitis refers to similar maladies that are transmitted by arthropods, mainly mosquitoes. Although the majority of cases of arboviral encephalitis infection are asymptomatic or have only very mild symptoms, the disease can sometimes damage nerves and can cause lasting damage and even death. Symptoms include sudden fever, headache, vomiting, unusual visual sensitivity to light, stiff neck and back, confusion, drowsiness, clumsiness, difficulty walking, and irritability. A rboviral encephalitides are maintained in nature in complex life cycles involving a nonhuman primary vertebrate host and a primary arthropod vector and which usually do not include humans. Humans and domestic animals can contract the disease when the virus escapes the cycle and infects a secondary host. This can happen because of ecological or demographic changes, or due to population changes in the primary vector, host, or both. Many arboviruses that cause encephalitis have a variety of different vertebrate hosts and some are transmitted by more than one vector. T here are five major types of arboviral encephalitis in the United States: St. Louis encephalitis (SLE)

48. Medic-Planet Encephalitis encephalitis See also Brain, Chicken pox, Convulsion, Dementia, Fever, Genitalherpes, Inflammation, Lead poisoning, Measles (rubeola), Mononucleosis, Mumps http://www.medic-planet.com/MP_article/internal_reference/Encephalitis

49. Medic-Planet Encephalitis encephalitis See also Brain, Chicken pox, Convulsion, Dementia, Fever, Genitalherpes, Inflammation, Lead poisoning, Measles (rubeola), Mononucleosis, Mumps http://www.medic-planet.com/MP_article/internal_reference/encephalitis

50. Encephalitis - DrGreene.com encephalitis. Also known as Meningoencephalitis, Viral encephalitis, WestNile encephalitis encephalitis is primarily an inflammation of the brain. http://www.drgreene.com/21_1080.html

QUICK SEARCH A - Z Guide Allergies Allergy Care Guide Asthma Care Guide Bedwetting Breastfeeding Childhood Obesity Diabetes Care Guide Ear Infections Genetics Immunizations Infectious Diseases Parenting Potty Training Rashes Safety Sleep DrGreene.com Topic Centers Mission Reviews Awards Readers Comments Press Room Partners and Supporters Contact Us Pediatric Information A-Z Guide Allergy Care Guide Asthma Care Guide Diabetes Care Guide DrGreene´s Chats FAQ Fast Facts Feature Articles Guidelines Pediatric Updates Special Feature Top Tips Community Activty Guide Advanced Search Community Central Chat Chat Schedule Cute Faces Family Friendly Recipes Parent-to-Parent Resources The DrGreene Team Newsletter Prenatal Newborn Infants Toddlers Pre-Schoolers School Age Teens / Adolescents Multimedia Library Children's Health Fertility Encephalitis Also known as: Meningoencephalitis, Viral encephalitis, West Nile encephalitis Introduction: West Nile virus frightens many parents because it can cause a type of infection called encephalitis. What is it? Meningitis is primarily an inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord, and sometimes of the brain itself. Encephalitis is primarily an inflammation of the brain. Most of the time, the inflammation is caused by viral infections. West Nile virus rapidly spread across the United States at the turn of the 21st century as a cause of encephalitis, but enteroviruses are far and away the most common cause. Arboviruses and herpes are also common. West Nile virus is an

51. The Contact A Family Directory - ENCEPHALITIS printer friendly, encephalitis, Southampton, UK. encephalitis SUPPORTGROUP. encephalitis Support Group encephalitis Resource Centre 7b http://www.cafamily.org.uk/Direct/e27.html

printer friendly ENCEPHALITIS home more about us in your area conditions information ... how you can help search this site Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain and can be caused by either viral or bacterial infections. Presenting symptoms will vary according to the area of the brain which is affected and may be life-threatening. Symptoms include convulsions, muscular weakness, involuntary movements, rapid involuntary movement of the eyes and facial weakness. Additionally stupor, coma andspeech difficulties occur. Residual brain damage will depend upon the part of the brain affected as well as the severity of the initial infection. It may include behaviour problems. These may be severe and long lasting. Specific forms of Encephalitis include Rasmussen s Encephalitis Hashimoto s Encephalitis ... Subacute-Sclerosing Panencephalitis , West Nile Encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis and Tick-borne encephalitis. Inheritance patterns None. Pre-natal diagnosis None. Medical text last updated August 2001. Approved by Dr C Kennedy, Consultant Paediatric Neurologist, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.

52. Diseases And Conditions -- Discovery Health -- Encephalitis encephalitis By Danielle Zerr, MD Images (click to view larger image) Brain. encephalitisis an inflammation of the brain. What is going on in the body? http://health.discovery.com/diseasesandcond/encyclopedia/315.html

encephalitis By Danielle Zerr, MD Images (click to view larger image) Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain. What is going on in the body? Encephalitis is usually caused by a viral infection of the brain tissue. The infection can also be caused by bacteria, fungi, or parasites. These tiny organisms can enter the brain tissue by any of the following routes: direct infection of the cells in the brain, often following a head injury through the bloodstream after a bite from a tick or mosquito through the respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts. They then travel through the bloodstream and invade the brain. traveling up nerves to the brain. This happens with a dormant herpes infection or after a bite from an animal with rabies What are the signs and symptoms of the condition? Symptoms of encephalitis include the following: confusion drowsiness headache irritability light sensitivity loss of consciousness memory loss muscle weakness poor judgment seizures stiff neck and back sudden fever sudden severe dementia tremors unstable walking vomiting What are the causes and risks of the condition?

53. Nervous System Disorders - Encephalitis Signs - Methodist Health Care System, Ho encephalitis What is encephalitis? encephalitis is a term used todescribe inflammation of the brain. What causes encephalitis? http://www.methodisthealth.com/health/nervsystem/encephal.htm

Nervous System Disorders Home Page Los Trastornos del Sistema Nervioso (en español) Clinical Services The Methodist Hospital Neurology Service The Methodist Hospital Neurosurgery Center ... Diagnostic Tests Nervous System Disorders: Acute Spinal Cord Injury Alzheimer's Disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Bell's Palsy ... Appointment Encephalitis What is encephalitis? Encephalitis is a term used to describe inflammation of the brain. This condition causes problems with the brain and spinal cord function. The inflammation causes the brain to swell, which leads to changes in the person's neurologic condition, including mental confusion and seizures. What causes encephalitis? The cause of encephalitis varies depending on the season, the area of the country, and the type of exposure. Viruses are the leading cause of encephalitis. Although vaccines for many viruses, including measles, mumps, rubella, and chickenpox have greatly lowered the rate of encephalitis from these diseases, other viruses can cause encephalitis. These include herpes simplex virus and rabies. Encephalitis can also occur following infection by disease-carrying agents including ticks (Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever), mosquitoes (West Nile virus, St. Louis encephalitis), and cats (toxoplasmosis and cat-scratch disease).

54. Conservation Ecology: Climate And Tickborne Encephalitis Elisabet Lindgren. 1998. Climate and tickborne encephalitis. Research. Climateand Tickborne encephalitis. Elisabet Lindgren Stockholm University http://www.consecol.org/vol2/iss1/art5/

Elisabet Lindgren. 1998. Climate and tickborne encephalitis. Conservation Ecology [online] (1): 5. Available from the Internet. URL: http://www.consecol.org/vol2/iss1/art5 A version of this article in which text, figures, tables, and appendices are separate files may be found by following this link Research Climate and Tickborne Encephalitis Elisabet Lindgren Stockholm University Abstract Introduction Methods Results ... Literature Cited ABSTRACT KEY WORDS: Encephalitis; tickborne; Tickborne diseases; Temperature; Climate; Ticks. INTRODUCTION Climatic changes are expected to have an impact on the incidence, seasonal range, and geographical distribution of several vector-borne diseases in humans, including malaria, dengue fever, lymphatic filariasis, and several arboviruses (Levins et al. 1994, Matsuoka and Kai 1994, Reeves et al. 1994, Martens et al. 1995, 1997, Martin and Lefebvre 1995, IPCC 1996 a, McMichael et al. 1996, Patz et al. 1996). b ). The magnitude of alterations in temperature and precipitation patterns will differ regionally. The largest increases in surface temperatures are predicted to occur at high northern latitudes (Maskell et al. 1993, IPCC1996 b Changes in the macro- and microclimate may influence transmission of Lyme disease and TBE through impact on the life cycle dynamics of the tick, the tick habitat, and the host animals, as well as through changes in human behavior and human-vector-host animal interactions (Cederlund 1981, Dobson and Carper 1993, Jaenson et al. 1994, Kaiser 1995, Lindsay et al. 1995) (Fig. 1).

55. Encephalitis encephalitis. encephalitis means inflammation of the brain. The viral.Ordinarily, mild viral encephalitis is harmless to the patient. http://www.drhull.com/EncyMaster/E/encephalitis.html

Help for sleepless parents Encyclopedia Index E encephalitis Search encephalitis Encephalitis means inflammation of the brain. The usual cause is infection, and the usual infection is viral . Ordinarily, mild viral encephalitis is harmless to the patient. It probably happens routinely with common viral infections like influenza. Rarely, severe viral encephalitis, potentially fatal, can occur with more unusual infections, for example equine encephalitis (spread by mosquitoes) or Herpes encephalitis. Most rare is rabies. Symptoms include fever, headache, stiff neck, and photophobia (light bothers the patients eyes). Since these symptoms could herald more serious meningitis, immediate medical attention is needed. A lumbar puncture confirms the diagnosis. There is of course no specific treatment

56. Health Ency.: Disease: Encephalitis encephalitis. Definition encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain.See also meningitis. Causes and Risks. encephalitis is most http://www.accessatlanta.com/shared/health/adam/ency/article/001415.html

SEARCH: The Web Yellow Pages HOME AJC.COM Illustrated Health Encyclopedia Important notice Ency. home Disease E Encephalitis Overview Symptoms Treatment Prevention Definition: Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain. See also meningitis Causes and Risks Encephalitis is most often caused by a viral infection. The specific viruses involved may vary. Exposure to viruses can occur through insect bites , food or drink, or skin contact. In rural areas, arboviruses that are carried by mosquitoes or ticks , or that are accidentally ingested, are the most common cause. In urban areas, enteroviruses are most common, including Coxsackie virus, poliovirus, and echovirus. Other causes include herpes simplex infection, varicella chickenpox or shingles measles mumps rubella , adenovirus, rabies West Nile virus , and only rarely, vaccinations Once the virus has entered the blood stream, it can localize in the brain causing inflammation of the brain cells and surrounding membranes. White blood cells invade the brain tissue as they try to fight off the infection. The brain tissue swells (cerebral edema) and can cause destruction of nerve cells, bleeding within the brain ( intracerebral hemorrhage ), and brain damage.

57. WEST NILE ENCEPHALITIS WEST NILE encephalitis. What is West Nile encephalitis? West Nile encephalitisis an inflammation of the brain caused by the West Nile virus (WNV). http://hlunix.hl.state.ut.us/els/epidemiology/epifacts/wnv.html

WEST NILE ENCEPHALITIS What is West Nile Encephalitis? West Nile Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain caused by the West Nile virus (WNV). This virus is carried by mosquitoes, and it is most commonly found in Africa, southern Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. The virus was first discovered in the U.S. in 1999 in New York City. How WNV came to the U.S. is unknown at this time. How do people get West Nile Encephalitis? People get West Nile Encephalitis from the bite of a mosquito that is infected with WNV. Who gets West Nile Encephalitis? Anyone who is bitten by a mosquito that is infected with WNV can get the disease. Elderly persons are more likely to develop a serious illness if infected. How does the disease spread? Wild birds can carry the West Nile virus, and the virus is spread from bird-to-bird by mosquitoes. Infected mosquitoes can transmit WNV to humans or other animals while biting them. There is no evidence that West Nile Encephalitis can be transmitted directly to humans by animals or by other humans. What are the symptoms of West Nile Encephalitis?

58. WEST NILE ENCEPHALITIS FACT SHEET WEST NILE encephalitis Fact Sheet for Physicians. What is West Nile encephalitis?West Nile encephalitis causes St. Louis encephalitis. West http://hlunix.hl.state.ut.us/els/epidemiology/epifacts/wnv-md.html

WEST NILE ENCEPHALITIS Fact Sheet for Physicians What is West Nile Encephalitis? West Nile Encephalitis is an infection of the brain caused by the West Nile virus (WNV). WNV is a member of the family Flaviviridae and belongs to the same family as the virus that causes St. Louis Encephalitis. West Nile virus was originally isolated from a febrile woman in the West Nile region of Uganda in 1937, and, since that time, has been isolated from humans, mosquitoes, and animals in Africa, southern Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. It was first found in the U.S. in 1999 in New York City. It is not known at this time how the virus came to the U.S. How do people get West Nile Encephalitis? People are infected with WNV when an infected mosquito bites them while taking a blood meal. No person-to-person or animal-to-person transmission of WNV has been documented. Who gets West Nile Encephalitis? Anyone bitten by an infected mosquito can get the disease. However, the elderly are much more likely to develop serious symptoms. In an area where WNV is circulating, it has been estimated that about 1% of the mosquitoes would be infected with WNV. It has also been estimated that the risk to a person of getting infected with WNV from the bite of an infected mosquito is about 1%. While the risk of infection may be small, the disease can be quite serious. Of those cases that develop symptoms serious enough to require hospitalization, 3-15% are fatal.

59. Japanese Encephalitis And Other Forms Of Viral Encephalitis Transmitted By Mosqu Japanese encephalitis is a viral disease, transmitted by mosquito bites. Japaneseencephalitis and other forms of viral encephalitis transmitted by mosquito. http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/travel/diseases/japanese_encephalitis.htm

The UK's leading independent health website Search NetDoctor NetDoctor.co.uk Home News and features News Newsletter Features Encyclopaedia Diseases Medicines Examinations Health centres Cancer Children's health Depression Erectile dysfunction ... All health centres Discussion and support Discussion forums Support groups Services Ask the doctor Find a hospital NetDoctor on call Search Medline ... Text message services Information About NetDoctor Commercial opportunities NetDoctor.com Japanese encephalitis and other forms of viral encephalitis transmitted by mosquito Written by Dr Charlie Easmon , specialist adviser in travel medicine What is Japanese encephalitis? Japanese encephalitis is a viral disease, transmitted by mosquito bites. It causes serious inflammation of the brain, which may lead to permanent brain damage, and has a high mortality rate. However, the great majority of cases only produce a mild, influenza-like illness with no effect on the brain. The disease is prevalent in large areas of Asia. However, it is uncommon among tourists and short-term visitors in the areas affected. There is a vaccine, which forms part of the child vaccination programme in countries like Thailand, Korea, and Japan.

60. Encephalitis encephalitis refers to inflammation of the brain tissue; this can also involvethe membranes of the brain. encephalitis. Reviewed by Dr Dan Rutherford, GP http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/encephalitis.htm

The UK's leading independent health website Search NetDoctor NetDoctor.co.uk Home News and features News Newsletter Features Encyclopaedia Diseases Medicines Examinations Health centres Cancer Children's health Depression Erectile dysfunction ... All health centres Discussion and support Discussion forums Support groups Services Ask the doctor Find a hospital NetDoctor on call Search Medline ... Text message services Information About NetDoctor Commercial opportunities NetDoctor.com Encephalitis Reviewed by Dr Dan Rutherford , GP What is encephalitis? The brain seen from above showing the brain (A) with its membranes (B). Encephalitis refers to inflammation of the brain tissue; this can also involve the membranes of the brain. What causes encephalitis? Encephalitis is usually due to an infection caused by a virus or bacteria . Several viruses are known to cause this disease, including measles chickenpox herpes mumps , etc. Bacterial infection (staphylococci), syphilis and HIV can also be a cause. It is not always possible to identify the type of infection from the symptoms or examination. Further tests are necessary to establish this. What are the symptoms?

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