21. ADAP Drugs: Ketoconazole Used to treat fungal infections. (Nizoral) http://www.atdn.org/access/drugs/keto.html

ketoconazole (Nizoral) Drug description Ketoconazole is used to treat fungal infections . Off-label use is for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Ketoconazole in pill form is used for systemic treatment of thrush. Pill form is more convenient than topical ointment because you only need to take one pill a day. You must have regular blood tests because ketoconazole can damage your liver. Ketoconazole is less expensive but less effective and more toxic than fluconazole Side effects Ketoconazole can suppress hormone production, including testosterone, especially at high doses over a long time. Ketoconazole must be used cautiously if you have a history of liver disease. Hepatitis is the most dangerous side effect of this drug. Antacids and other drugs that increase gastric pH may decrease absorption. Additive liver toxicity can occur if used in combination with other liver toxic agents such as alcohol. You may experience nausea and vomiting. Ketoconazole should not be taken with the antihistimine Seldane (also known as terfenadine). Together they can lead to dangerously irregular heartbeats. Dosage Ketoconazole comes in pill, ointment and shampoo forms. Adults take 200-400 mg/day in a single dose. Children older than 2 years take 3.3-6.6 mg/kg/day in a single dose. Topical 2% cream is applied 1-2 times daily. Apply enough ointment to cover affected and surrounding areas and rub in gently. Shampoo is applied twice weekly for 4 weeks waiting at least 3 days between treatments.

22. E-Antifungal.com: Fungal Infections acquired infections. fungal infections have become a major cause ofdeath in cancer patients and transplant recipients. While many http://www.e-antifungal.com/

Healthcare professionals and scientists have carefully prepared this ALtruis Biomedical Network-affiliated site, intended for informational purposes only Partners: Alternate therapy Antifungal Therapy Common Diseases Fungal Infections There are three species of fungi that are known to cause infection in certain areas of the United States: Histoplasma capsulatum Blastomyces dermatitidis Coccidioides immitis Fungal (mycotic) disease now represents 12-15% of all hospital-acquired infections. Fungal infections have become a major cause of death in cancer patients and transplant recipients. While many of the most serious systemic (blood stream) fungal infections are acquired in the hospital, the overall majority of fungal infections are contracted in the community. Fungi like to inhabit warm, moist, humid environments. One of the most common mycotic infections, Athlete's Foot, is a fungal infection of the feet because feet get hot and sweaty , producing an ideal environment for the growth of fungi. In the past 25 years, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of fungal infections worldwide. This is due to two main factors: medical advances, such as organ transplants

23. F2G - Leaders In Antifungal R&D Startup company that specialises in the research and development for new treatments for serious fungal infections in man. Provides profile, technology overview, news and contact for career opportunities. http://www.f2g.com/

24. E-Antifungal.com: Alternate Treatments For Fungal Infections AntiBiotic.com Partners IntegriDerm. Click to Visit Alternate therapy AntifungalTherapy Common Diseases Alternate Treatments for fungal infections. http://www.e-antifungal.com/altfngtr.html

Healthcare professionals and scientists have carefully prepared this ALtruis Biomedical Network-affiliated site, intended for informational purposes only Partners: Alternate therapy Antifungal Therapy Common Diseases Alternate Treatments for Fungal Infections Fungi are ever present, but they should normally be held in check by the normal friendly bacteria on the body. Persistant fungal infections may be indicators of an imbalance in the body's microflora (the small, usually bacterial, inhabitants of gut skin surfaces and mucous membranes). Good gut flora are thought by some to stave off mycoses. Supplements of good bacteria, probiotics, can be taken orally to refresh the complement of good bacteria present in the gut. A well known replacement bacteria is Lactobacillus acidophilus Over-the-counter and prescription medications are very effective in treating fungal infections. As alternatives to these, several herbs and oils are also used sometimes to treat fungal infections. Among these are: Pau d'arco: This herb has some antifungal activity is likely to be unsafe when taken orally. It is toxic to a type of

25. Medinfo: Thrush Medinfo's easy to understand, generic information about thrush, the widely used term for common fungal infections caused by Candida albicans. http://www.medinfo.co.uk/conditions/thrush.html

index search health books site map Thrush Thrush is the widely used term for a common fungal infection caused by Candida albicans. Usually this takes the form of trivial vaginal or mouth infections, although it can affect the body more widely and seriously on rare occasions. Symptoms Vaginal Thrush This causes itch and a cheesy discharge. The area is often redder than usual. It is often painful too, especially on intercourse, and may be associated with frequency of passing water and burning or pain on passing water. It may, therefore be confused with bladder infections ( cystitis ). Thrush, however is usually associated with itching, which cystitis is not. Oral Thrush This may cause a sore mouth and throat, and as well as redness, it is characterised by white discharge on the surface. Babies, especially those being bottle fed, may suffer from this, as well as adults. Nappy rash One cause of a persistent nappy/diaper rash is infection of the area with thrush. Causes The cause is a fungus which is found widely in nature (Candida albicans), and indeed, is frequently present in the mouth and motions of people in good health. It seems that it is at periods when the defence mechanisms are down that it actually causes a problem. This can be when physically or mentally "run down", in women either pregnant, or on the oral contraceptive pill, in diabetes and people either on steroids, or whose immune systems are suppressed.

26. Fungal Infections Case Studies fungal infections Virtual Grand Rounds, Search Help Site Map Home. IntroductionLectures Case Studies Key References Instructors, Case Studies. http://www.figrandrounds.org/fi/cases/index.jsp

27. Fungal Infections - Virtual Grand Rounds fungal infections Virtual Grand Rounds is a practical guide to the understandingand management of invasive fungal infections for healthcare professionals. http://www.figrandrounds.org/

28. Dr. Fungus: Fungi, Fungus, Fungal Includes images and information, how fungi infect people, animals, and plants and how fungal infections are treated with antifungal drugs. http://www.doctorfungus.org/

- Select a category - The Fungi Mycoses Drugs Laboratory About Us Welcome to Doctor Fungus, your on-line reference to all things mycological! Fungi can cause a wide variety of infections. In People In Animals In Plants Yeast infections ... (Chronic Candidiasis) MYCOLOGY IN THE NEWS As reported in ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY Date: April. 03, 2003 In Vivo Pharmacodynamics of a New Triazole, Ravuconazole, in a Murine Candidiasis Model As reported in Cancer Date: Feb. 03, 2003 Refractory Aspergillus pneumonia in patients with acute leukemia and a successful therapy with combination caspofungin and liposomal amphotericin. As reported by www.nejm.org Date: Dec. 19, 2002 Caspofungin vs. Ampho B for Invasive Candidiasis A new clinical study evaluated the investigational use of caspofungin acetate for the treatment of invasive candidiasis (an infection that spreads to organs), including candidemia (an infection of the bloodstream). View News Archive MYCOLOGY FACTOID New! What fungus causes mycosis fungoides? Answer You see the word for filamentous fungus written as both 'mold' and 'mould.'

29. Fungal Infections – Information For Patients And Their Doctors Fungal skin infections – patient information. DermNet Home Patientinformation fungal infections. Fungal skin infections. Link http://www.dermnetnz.org/dna.fungi/

Sponsors do not influence content Home Patient information Fungal skin infections Link to DermNet's pages about fungal skin infections. Introduction Yeast infections Candida Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis Cyclic vulvovaginitis Napkin dermatitis ... Paronychia (Nail fold infections) Skin fold infections Vulvovaginal thrush Malassezia Pityriasis (tinea) versicolor ... Laboratory tests Dermatophyte infections Dermatophytide (id) reactions (fungal allergy) Mycology Tinea infections Tinea barbae (beard) Tinea capitis (scalp) Tinea corporis (body) Tinea cruris (groin) Tinea faciei (face) Tinea manuum (hand) Tinea pedis (foot) Tinea unguium (nails) Treatment of fungal infections Deep fungal infections Chromoblastomycosis Mycetoma Other fungal infections Mould infections Tinea nigra Related pages Athlete's foot Cradle cap Intertrigo (body fold rashes) Seborrhoeic dermatitis If you have any concerns with your skin or its treatment, see a dermatologist for advice. New Zealand Dermatological Society. Last updated 15 February 2003

30. Treatment Of Fungal Infections - Information For Patients Treatment of fungal infections information for patients. NZ DermNetis an Treatment of fungal infections. Treatment of fungal infections. http://www.dermnetnz.org/dna.fungi/tofi.html

Sponsors do not influence content Home Skin conditions Fungal infections Treatment of fungal infections General measures Reducing reinfection Topical antifungal medications Oral antifungal medications The trade names of the medications sold in New Zealand are given in parentheses. General measures Correct predisposing factors where possible. Keep the affected skin clean and dry. Wash daily. Take care to dry between the toes and in the skin folds; use a hair dryer if necessary. Use your own towel. Carefully clean the shower or bath using bleach. Hot wash socks, towels, bathmats at a temperature of at least 60C. Regularly wash floors where you walk bare foot. Antiseptics Dequalinium chloride lozenges for oral candidiasis (Dequacaine, Dequadin) Di-iodohydroxyquinoline for vulvovaginal candidiasis (Floraquin vaginal tablets). To reduce reinfection Fungal spores can survive long periods. To reduce the chance of reinfection: Do not share towels, sheets or personal clothing. Avoid walking bare foot where others may tread - wear jandals, sandals or aquasocks at the public pools and sports changing rooms. Avoid long periods wearing the same clothing, or wearing occlusive clothing such as wet weather gear and nylon pantyhose.

31. Alzheimer’s, Epilepsy, Pain, Schizophrenia And Other Disease, Product And Corpo fungal infections Introduction Skin Mouth and oesophagus Vaginal Lung Questions and answers The weird and wonderful world of fungi. http://www.janssen-cilag.com/disease/item_detail.jhtml?file=c_05_fungal

32. FUNGAL INFECTIONS Columbia University College of P S Complete Home Medical Guide. CPMCnet. HIVInfection and AIDS AIDSRELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS fungal infections. http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/texts/guide/hmg19_0009.html

HIV Infection and AIDS AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS FUNGAL INFECTIONS CANDIDIASIS DEFINITION AND CAUSE Candidiasis, also called thrush, is a fungal, or yeast, infection caused by Candida albicans . Although Candida is frequently present in the mouth and along the gastrointestinal tract, it does not usually cause illness in people with healthy immune systems. In people with an impaired immune system, however, it often overgrows, producing a characteristic thick, whitish coating. DIAGNOSIS While candidiasis usually remains confined to the mouth, it can spread to the esophagus and other parts of the gastrointestinal tract and to the respiratory system, posing more serious problems. Esophageal candidiasis, for example, can be extraordinarily uncomfortable, making swallowing difficult and eating painful or, in some cases, impossible. Diagnosis is made by examining the characteristic thick, whitish coating or discharge. TREATMENT Thrush is treated with antifungal drugs such as nystatin, which are applied directly to the surface of the mouth, or ketoconazole and fluconazole, which are taken orally. CRYPTOCOCCOSIS DEFINITION AND CAUSE A yeast

33. Natural Health - Fungal Infections » ABC South West WA » The Backyard Natural Health fungal infections. Presenter Helena Peric. Thursday,6 February 2003. Tinea Pedis. Jock itch and toe jam - who needs 'em? http://www.abc.net.au/southwestwa/stories/s774194.htm

The Backyard Indexes: Stories Recipes Reviews Audio ... Story Index Natural Health - Fungal Infections Presenter: Helena Peric Thursday, 6 February 2003 Tinea Pedis Jock itch and toe jam - who needs 'em? Redness, scaliness and itching all could be symptoms of a fungal infection. Victoria our Naturopath has some advice on treatment. Audio Requires RealPlayer As heard on the South West Afternoon program. If you would like to comment on this issue or any other why don't you email us swafternoons@your.abc.net.au or go to our guestbook. Date published: 6/2/2003 Email this page For a printer-friendly version of this page use this link Around The Backyard ACT New South Wales Northern Territory Queensland ... Western Australia Select a region: Adelaide SA Brisbane Qld Broken Hill NSW Canberra ACT Central Australia NT Central Qld Central Vic Central West NSW Darwin NT Far North Qld Gippsland Vic Goldfields WA Goulburn Murray Hobart Tas Illawarra NSW Kimberley WA Melbourne Vic Mid North Coast NSW Midwest WA Mildura Swan Hill New England NSW Newcastle NSW North West Qld North Coast NSW North Qld North West WA Northern Tas Outback Qld Perth Riverina NSW Riverland SA South Coast WA South East NSW South East SA South West WA Southern Qld Sydney NSW Tropical North Upper Hunter West Coast SA Western Plains NSW Western Qld Western Vic Wide Bay Qld Alphabetical by Title Date Published Presenters Arts And Entertainment ... Business, Economics And Finance

34. Fungal Infections fungal infections can affect various parts of the body and sometimes be difficultto treat. Find out more about fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails. http://dermatology.about.com/cs/fungalinfections/

zfp=-1 About Dermatology Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Dermatology with Heather Fewell Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS Do I Need a Dermatologist? Help, I have a rash! Glossary ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Fungal Infections Guide picks All about fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails. Ringworm - Tinea Corporis Ringworm, also known as tinea corporis, is a superficial fungal infection of the skin. Find out more about what the ringworm rash looks like, how it is diagnosed, and how it is treated. Fungal Nail Infections - Onychomycosis A fungal infection of the nails causes thickened, discolored nails that can be painful. Find out what fungal nail infections look like and how they are diagnosed and treated. Jock Itch Jock itch is a common fungal infection that affects more men than women. Find out more about this infection and what can be done to treat it. Athlete's Foot Facts Information about athlete's foot from your About Orthopedics Guide.

35. Fungal Diseases, Division Of Microbiology And Infectious Diseases fungal infections have recently emerged as a growing threat to human health,especially in persons whose immune systems are compromised in some way. http://www.niaid.nih.gov/dmid/fungal/

Fungal Diseases Introduction General Information Overviews Fact Sheets ... Key Words and Search Terms Introduction Fungal infections have recently emerged as a growing threat to human health, especially in persons whose immune systems are compromised in some way. For example, fungi are associated with complex disease entities in complex medical patients, e.g. cryptococcosis in AIDS patients, or aspergillosis in bone marrow or organ transplant patients. Clinicians are particularly concerned that the increasing use of antifungal drugs will lead to drug-resistant fungi, especially in settings such as hospitals where nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections are a growing problem. Recent studies have documented resistance of Candida species to fluconazole and other azole and triazole drugs, used widely to treat patients with systemic fungal diseases. In addition, primary or inherent resistance limits the activity or currently available antifungal drugs for fungi such as Agergillus and other emerging moulds. Fungi present an especially complex challenge to researchers, in part because pathogenicity is often associated with certain morphological forms or a certain part of the life cycle of a fungal species. For example, pathogens such as

36. Mycology Workshop: Systemic Fungal Infections Diagnosis and Treatment of Systemic Mycoses. STATUS AND LIMITATIONS OFDIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY OF SYSTEMIC fungal infections. Current Status. http://www.niaid.nih.gov/dmid/meetings/mycology94/fungal.htm

The Second NIAID Workshop in Medical Mycology: Molecular and Immunologic Approaches to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Systemic Mycoses STATUS AND LIMITATIONS OF DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY OF SYSTEMIC FUNGAL INFECTIONS Current Status Candida cell wall mannan, Candida cytoplasmic enolase antigen, and Aspergillus galactomannan are promising, drawbacks persist. For example, these tests often must be performed on multiple sera over time in order to achieve acceptable sensitivity, and have restricted availability because they are not commercially produced, and have low perceived market priority. Candida species are an increasing cause of concern in AIDS patients and other compromised hosts exposed to fluconazole and as a prophylaxis over extended periods. in vitro and animal in vivo data suggest a role in the management of fungal diseases for the expanding array of recombinant cytokines, especially interferon-gamma, the colony- stimulating factors, the various interleukins or interleukin antagonists, as well as passive immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies. To date, only limited trials with these agents have been performed in humans with fungal diseases.

37. EMedicine Dermatology : FUNGAL INFECTIONS - Online Medical Textbooks And Physici Back to Dermatology fungal infections. Dermatology fungal infectionsArticles. Actinomycosis, (CME available). Aspergillosis, (CME available). http://www.emedicine.com/derm/FUNGAL_INFECTIONS.htm

Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: Dermatology > Fungal Infections Dermatology - Fungal Infections Articles Actinomycosis (CME available) Aspergillosis (CME available) ... (CME available) document.write(''); About Us Privacy Contact Us Advertise with Us ... Institutional Subscribers

38. Clinical Updates In Fungal Infections Clinical Updates in fungal infections Index. Volume I, Issue 4 fungal infectionsin Immunocompromised Hosts Focus on Epidemiologic Aspects of Infection; http://www.nfid.org/publications/clinicalupdates/fungal/

Supported by an unrestricted educational grant from Pfizer, Inc. Clinical Updates in Fungal Infections Index Volume III, Issue 2 - Principles in the Evaluation and Treatment of Candiduria in Adults Volume III, Issue 1 - Practical Suggestions on the Treatment of Candidemia Volume II, Issue 2 - New Antifungal Agents: Emphasis on Lipid Formulations of Amphotericin B Volume II, Issue 1 - Epidemiology and Clinical Aspects of Unusual Fungal Nosocomial Infections Volume I, Issue 4 - Fungal Infections in Immunocompromised Hosts: Focus on Epidemiologic Aspects of Infection Volume I, Issue 3 - Antifungal Drug Resistance: A Focus on Candida Back to C LINICAL ... PDATES

39. Clinical Updates In Fungal Infections Pfizer, Inc. Volume II, Issue 1 January 1999. Epidemiology and ClinicalAspects of Unusual Fungal Nosocomial Infections. During the http://www.nfid.org/publications/clinicalupdates/fungal/noso.html

Supported by an unrestricted educational grant from Pfizer, Inc. Volume II, Issue 1 - January 1999 Epidemiology and Clinical Aspects of Unusual Fungal Nosocomial Infections During the past few decades, advances in medical technology and the development of new diagnostic and treatment approaches have increased the life expectancy of critically ill patients. The global human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic has resulted in an increase in severely ill immunocompromised hospitalized patients, accompanied by more reports of fungal infections. The most common fungal pathogens associated with invasive disease in humans are opportunistic yeasts (e.g., Candida albicans ) or filamentous fungi (e.g., Aspergillus spp.). Fungi previously thought to be nonpathogenic for humans or only sporadically associated with human disease, such as Candida (except albicans Fusarium Trichosporon , and Malassezia spp., are emerging as important nosocomial fungal pathogens ( Table 1 ). These pathogens are associated with increasing morbidity and mortality. The emergence of these organisms and antifungal-resistant fungi, especially those that are azole-resistant, poses an important challenge to the clinician. Epidemiology National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System data show that fungi account for 9% of all nosocomial infections ( Table 2 ). From 1980 through 1990, the nosocomial fungal infection rate increased from 2.0 to 3.8 infections per 1,000 patient discharges. The most common fungi reported were

40. Fungal Infections Of Fingernails And Toenails fungal infections of Fingernails and Toenails. Sometimes several people ina family will get fungal infections in their nails at the same time. http://familydoctor.org/handouts/663.html

Information from Your Family Doctor Fungal Infections of Fingernails and Toenails A fingernail or toenail infection that is caused by a fungus is called onychomycosis (say: "on-ee-koh-my-ko-sis"). Toenails are more likely to become infected than fingernails. This infection can make your nails thick and discolored. You may even have pain in your toes or fingertips. Who gets fungal nail infections? Anyone can get a fungal nail infection. These infections are more common in adults older than 60 years of age. They are especially common in people with diabetes or circulation problems. Children hardly ever get fungal nail infections. Why did I get a fungal nail infection? It may be hard to know where or how you got a fungal nail infection. A warm, wet place is a good place for a fungus to grow. If you often wear heavy work boots that make your feet warm and sweaty, a fungus can grow around your toenails. If you often walk barefooted in locker rooms, you can pick up a fungus from the warm, wet floors. People whose hands are often wet (for example, dishwashers in restaurants and professional house cleaners) are more likely to get fungal fingernail infections.

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