1. GUIAS PARA MANEJO DE URGENCIAS - HEMATURIA La hematuria es la manifestación de muchas enfermedades locales del riñon y del tracto urinario, así como el hallazgo http://www.fepafem.org/guias/6.6.html

HEMATURIA Carlos Sánchez David, MD. Oficina de Recursos Educacionales - FEPAFEM La hematuria es la manifestación de muchas enfermedades locales del riñon y del tracto urinario, así como el hallazgo constante en un número significativo de procesos patológicos difusos de origen renal. La distinción entre una hematuria local y una hematuria debida a una enfermedad renal difusa es muy importante y necesaria. Ciertas características clínicas y microbiológicas permiten diferenciarlas: por ejemplo, la hematuria local debe ser lo suficientemente profusa para producir un cambio en la coloración de la orina, mientras que el examen microscópico revela la presencia de eritrocitos con mínimos cambios morfológicos. En cambio, la hematuria que compromete al glomérulo casi siempre se acompaña de cilindros hemáticos y los eritrocitos exhiben una notoria distorsión en su forma, como son las células crenadas. La proteinuria puede acompañar las hematurias de origen local si ésta es severa, pero siempre se detecta en las hematurias secundarias a enfermedad difusa renal. DEFINICION Se define como hematuria la presencia de sangre durante la micción (macroscópica). Se dice que hay hematuria microscópica cuando se detectan dos o más eritrocitos por campo en por lo menos dos exámenes del sedimento urinario. Es un signo de alerta tanto para el paciente como para el médico, ya que es indicio de enfermedad que puede ir desde una simple cistitis hasta una neoplasia maligna.

2. Hematuria Information, anatomy, causes, evaluation, intravenous pyelogram, cystoscopy, other tests, and followup for hematuria. http://www.associatedurologists.com/hematuria.html

Hematuria - Blood in the urine (male patients) The Problem Anatomy Causes Evaluation ... Follow-Up THE PROBLEM Hematuria: from Hemat = blood and uria = of urine Hematuria simply means blood in the urine. Microscopic hematuria means that the blood is only seen when the urine is examined under a microscope. Gross hematuria, on the other hand, means that there is enough blood in the urine so that the change can be appreciated with the naked eye. Obviously, gross hematuria has more blood in the urine than microscopic hematuria, but the types of diagnoses that can cause the problem are the same and the work-up or evaluation that is needed is identical. ANATOMY To understand the needed evaluation for hematuria, one must know the anatomy of the urinary tract in the male. A diagram of the urinary tract may be provided so that the explanation makes better sense. The kidneys function to make urine by filtering the blood and discarding into the urine the waste products that are no longer needed. Water and salts accompany these waste products by necessity. The urine is then transported through two narrow tubes, called ureters, to the bladder, which is the reservoir for urine in between each void. The urine exits the bladder through a channel called the urethra that first passes through the prostate and then through the penis to the outside. The blood in the urine must come from one of the above places: kidneys, ureters, bladder, prostate, or urethra. The evaluation requires that we look at the ENTIRE urinary tract in patients with hematuria.

3. Digital Urology Journal: Hematuria A look at hematuria, the evaluation, causes and treatment.Category Health Conditions and Diseases hematuria......hematuria. hematuria refers to the excretion of abnormal quantitiesof Red Blood Cells (RBCs) into the urine. Causes of hematuria. http://www.duj.com/hematuria.html

HEMATURIA Hematuria refers to the excretion of abnormal quantities of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) into the urine. Some experts believe that any amount of RBCs in the urine seen on more than one occasion is significant. Others feel that one must have at least 2-3 RBCs seen under the microscope in order to be significant. (A small percentage of the normal population will excrete greater than 3 RBCs under the microscope.) When blood is visible with the naked eye as pink or red in the urine it is called "gross hematuria". When blood is visible only under the microscope it is called "microscopic hematuria". Evaluation Unless there is a known cause for hematuria, it must be thoroughly evaluated. The purpose of thorough evaluation is to be certain that there is not a serious reason causing the hematuria. The routine proper evaluation for someone with hematuria includes an Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP) and cystoscopy. An IVP is an x-ray which is done in order to evaluate the kidneys and ureters (tubes from kidneys to the bladder). It involves an injection of a special chemical called a "contrast agents" which helps visualize the urinary tract. Occasionally, a patient may be allergic to contrast and an alternative imaging method must be used. Cystoscopy refers to the process of looking directly into the bladder optically with a scope. At times your physician may wish to put you to sleep for this procedure, but more frequently it is done while awake. Current optical technology permits the use of very small and refined instruments for this examination. Unfortunately, the only truly effective way to evaluate the bladder for hematuria is through direct vision.

4. Enfoque Diagnóstico De La Hematuria Gu­a de diagn³stico dirigida a m©dicos. http://med.unne.edu.ar/revista/revista101/enfoque_diag_hematuria.htm

5. Hematuria (Blood In The Urine) Explore the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases' report on the presence of red blood cells in the urine. http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/urolog/summary/hematuri

Hematuria is the presence of red blood cells (RBCs) in the urine. In microscopic hematuria, the urine appears normal to the naked eye, but examination under a microscope shows a high number of RBCs. Gross hematuria can be seen with the naked eyethe urine is red or the color of cola. Several conditions can cause hematuria. Most of the causes are not serious. For example, exercise may cause hematuria that goes away in 24 hours. Many people have hematuria without any other related problems. Often no specific cause can be found. But because hematuria may be the result of a tumor or other serious problem, a doctor should be consulted. In order to find the cause of hematuria, or to rule out certain causes, the doctor may order a series of tests, including urinalysis, blood tests, intravenous pyelogram, and cystoscopic examination. Urinalysis is the examination of urine for various cells and chemicals. In addition to finding RBCs, the doctor may find white blood cells that signal a urinary tract infection or casts (groups of cells molded together in the shape of the kidneys' tiny filtering tubes) that signal kidney disease. Excessive protein in the urine also signals poor kidney function. Blood tests may reveal kidney disease if the blood contains high levels of wastes that the kidneys are supposed to remove.

6. Hematuria An article on what blood in the urine may mean. Tips on when to seek advice. http://www.camsociety.org/issues/Hematuria.htm

Hematuria Blood in the urine may be the only sign of a serious disease, either in the kidneys or in the bladder. There are two kidneys. They are located in the back, just below the ribs, one on the left and one on the right. The kidneys filter the blood and draw out water and chemicals that the body does not need. They save what useful in the body such as the blood cells and valuable chemicals. The water and waste chemicals are called urine. This fluid passes down tubes called the ureters until they reach the bladder. The bladder is a muscular sac which holds the urine until it is convenient to empty it or to void. The last tube leading to the outside is called the urethra. In the man it is long and has several parts. In the woman it is a much shorter and simple tube. Blood in the urine can come from any place in the urinary tract, from the kidney, ureter, the bladder or the urethra. While in many cases it is not due to a serious problem, in some it is the only sign of dangerous tumors or stones. Early investigation of blood in the urine is the only way to cure serious tumors without need for major surgery. Tumors in the urinary tract usually grow in the lining of the bladder. At first they are like a delicate plant; its branches are small and its roots are very shallow. At this stage it is easy to cure. As it grows it needs more blood and the roots grow stronger and deeper. Then the treatment becomes more difficult and less successful. Later when the roots grow out of the bladder or the kidney, the roots spread to other parts of the body and kill you.

7. Hematuria ¿Qué es? hematuria es la presencia de sangre en la orina. http://www.buenasalud.com/lib/ShowDoc.cfm?LibDocID=2522&ReturnCatID=11

8. Hematuria - Urologychannel hematuria is a clinical term referring to the presence of blood in the urine. At any point that blood is noticed in the urine, you should contact your physician immediately, even if there are no other symptoms of a disease. http://www.urologychannel.com/Hematuria/index.shtml

Home Search SiteMap Ask the Dr. ... Medical Store advertisement advertisement HEMATURIA Overview Types Causes Symptoms ... Treatment CONDITIONS Adrenal Cancer Bladder Cancer Bladder Control Problems BPH/Enlarged Prostate Emergencies Erectile Dysfunction Female Sexual Dysfunction Hematuria Incontinence Interstitial Cystitis Kidney Cancer ... Testosterone Deficiency Upper Tract Tumors Urethral Cancer Urinary Tract Infection Varicocele Vasectomy RESOURCES Anatomy Clinical Trials Education HealthProfiler ... Videos ABOUT US Healthcommunities.com Pressroom Testimonials Overview Hematuria is the presence of blood, specifically red blood cells, in the urine. Whether the blood is visible only under a microscope or visible to the naked eye, hematuria is a sign that something is causing bleeding in the genitourinary tract: the kidneys, the ureters (tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder), the prostate gland (in men), the bladder, or the urethra (tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body). Bleeding may happen once or it may be recurrent. It can indicate different problems in men and women. Causes of this condition range from non–life threatening (e.g., urinary tract infection) to profoundly serious (e.g., cancer, kidney disease). Therefore, a physician should be consulted as soon as possible. Types There are two types of hematuria, microscopic and gross (or macroscopic). In

9. SISTEMA DE INFORMACION SOBRE ENFERMEDADES RARAS EN ESPAÑOL (SIERE) Comentarios y enlaces al MedLine. http://cisat.isciii.es/er/prg/er_bus2.asp?cod_enf=1215

10. Hematuria A look at some of the possible causes, diagnosing and treatment of hematuria. http://www.mednets.com/hematuria.htm

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11. Hematuria 4845 Knightsbridge Blvd, Suite 200, Columbus, Ohio 43214 hematuria is the presence of abnormal amounts of red blood cells in the urine that can be identified by microscopic exam http://www.2rui.com/html/hematuria.html

4845 Knightsbridge Blvd, Suite 200, Columbus, Ohio 43214 Hematuria is the presence of abnormal amounts of red blood cells in the urine that can be identified by microscopic exam and/or visually, when there are significant amounts the urine is usually red. A chemical dipstick is very sensitive for red cells, in the urine, and can be used easily at the time of general physical exam to determine if there is blood in the urine. Blood in the urine is either from the kidney tissue itself or the collecting system of the urinary tract. The reason the difference is important is that when it is from the kidney itself, it can be associated with either a tumor of the kidney tissue, called a renal cell cancer, or a variety of inflammatory conditions, in the kidney, the most common referred to as glamerleonephritis. When blood is from the collecting system of the kidney, or the uereter, or bladder, it usually arises either from injury to the lining , such as might as occur with a stone passing, or a tumor growth in the lining, which is known as transitional cell carcinoma. These can make up tumors of the renal pelvis, ureter, or bladder. Hematuria then is an early warning sign that urologists use to understand the health of the urinary tract. The finding of blood cells in the urine as can be seen from the previous information can lead to an extensive evaluation of the urinary tract and the diagnosis of very significant conditions such as kidney stones, stones in the ureter or bladder, tumor of either the kidney or lining of the cells of the collecting system, which includes the kidney pelvis, ureter, bladder or urethra ( the tube that leads from the bladder to the outside) and in some instances can lead to the diagnosis of a cancer of the prostate.

12. Hematuria - Urologychannel hematuria is a clinical term referring to the presence of blood in the urine. Incidencehematuria occurs in up to 10% of the general population. Causes. http://www.urologychannel.com/hematuria/index.shtml

Home Search SiteMap Ask the Dr. ... Medical Store advertisement advertisement HEMATURIA Overview Types Causes Symptoms ... Treatment CONDITIONS Adrenal Cancer Bladder Cancer Bladder Control Problems BPH/Enlarged Prostate Emergencies Erectile Dysfunction Female Sexual Dysfunction Hematuria Incontinence Interstitial Cystitis Kidney Cancer ... Testosterone Deficiency Upper Tract Tumors Urethral Cancer Urinary Tract Infection Varicocele Vasectomy RESOURCES Anatomy Clinical Trials Education HealthProfiler ... Videos ABOUT US Healthcommunities.com Pressroom Testimonials Overview Hematuria is the presence of blood, specifically red blood cells, in the urine. Whether the blood is visible only under a microscope or visible to the naked eye, hematuria is a sign that something is causing bleeding in the genitourinary tract: the kidneys, the ureters (tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder), the prostate gland (in men), the bladder, or the urethra (tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body). Bleeding may happen once or it may be recurrent. It can indicate different problems in men and women. Causes of this condition range from non–life threatening (e.g., urinary tract infection) to profoundly serious (e.g., cancer, kidney disease). Therefore, a physician should be consulted as soon as possible. Types There are two types of hematuria, microscopic and gross (or macroscopic). In

13. Hematuria - Diagnosis - Urologychannel hematuria is a clinical term referring to the presence of blood in theurine. hematuria is a sign that something is causing abnormal http://www.urologychannel.com/hematuria/diagnosis.shtml

Home Search SiteMap Ask the Dr. ... Medical Store advertisement advertisement HEMATURIA Overview Types Causes Symptoms ... Treatment CONDITIONS Adrenal Cancer Bladder Cancer Bladder Control Problems BPH/Enlarged Prostate Emergencies Erectile Dysfunction Female Sexual Dysfunction Hematuria Incontinence Interstitial Cystitis Kidney Cancer ... Testosterone Deficiency Upper Tract Tumors Urethral Cancer Urinary Tract Infection Varicocele Vasectomy RESOURCES Anatomy Clinical Trials Education HealthProfiler ... Videos ABOUT US Healthcommunities.com Pressroom Testimonials Diagnosis Classification Bleeding is classified by when it occurs during urination, which may indicate the location of the problem. Onset of urination (initial hematuria)—urethra or prostate (men) Throughout urination (total hematuria)—bladder, ureter, or kidneys End of urination (terminal hematuria)—bladder or prostate (men) Symptoms may indicate the site and/or cause of bleeding: Abdominal pain—inflammation of the kidney or ureter caused by trauma, infection, or tumor Decreased urinary force, hesitance, or incomplete voiding—lower urinary tract, benign prostate hyperplasia, tumor Fever—infection, typically of the kidney or ureter

14. Microscopic Hematuria In A Patient With A History Of Transitional Cell Carcinoma Medical School Boston, Massachusetts, Microscopic hematuria in a Patientwith a History of Transitional Cell Carcinoma. This 84 year http://www.duj.com/AUR/AUR4.html

Julia R. Fielding, M.D. Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Microscopic Hematuria in a Patient with a History of Transitional Cell Carcinoma This 84 year-old man had undergone contrast-enhanced CT examination for staging of transitional cell carcinoma of the left renal collecting system prior to nephroureterectomy in 1994 (Figure 1) . He presented in December 1996 with painless hematuria. A right retrograde pyelogram was performed (Figure 2) The diagnosis is Transitional cell carcinoma in situ of the distal ureter manifested by a stricture. A few air bubbles are seen in the proximal, slightly dilated portion of the ureter. The retrocaval portion of the ureter was mobilized, the distal ureter resected and reimplantation of the ureter performed. Return to Adult Uroradiology Rounds

15. Hematuria Comentarios para el paciente sobre su padecimiento y los cuidados m©dicos necesarios. http://www.buenasalud.com/lib/ShowDoc.cfm?LibDocID=2522&ReturnCatID=11

16. Fairfax Urology Center Treatment for impotence and sexual enhancement, bladder and prostate cancers, incontinence, noscalpel vasectomy, urinary stones and hematuria. http://www.urologysolutions.com

17. Connecticut Children's Medical Center: Nephrology Provides primary and consultative services to patients with a variety of renal disorders including hematuria, proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome, acute renal failure, recurrent urinary tract infection, congenital renal anomalies including hydronephrosis and cystic diseases of the kidneys, kidney stones, chronic renal failure, end stage renal disease, hypertension, and a variety of fluid and electrolytes disorders. http://www.ccmckids.org/departments/neph.htm

Staff Office Locations The Division provides primary and consultative services to patients with a variety of renal disorders including hematuria, proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome, acute renal failure, recurrent urinary tract infection, congenital renal anomalies including hydronephrosis and cystic diseases of the kidneys, kidney stones, chronic renal failure, end stage renal disease, hypertension, and a variety of fluid and electrolytes disorders. In collaboration with Hartford Hospital's dialysis and transplant program, the Nephrology Division provides acute and chronic peritoneal and hemodialysis as well as renal transplantation. Staff Majid Rasoulpour, M.D. - Director mrasoul@ccmckids.org University of Tehran, 66 University of Tehran, 70, M.D. Internship/Residency: Lawrence General Hospital (MA), Rotating, 73-74; University of Connecticut, Pediatrics, 74-76; Fellowship: University of Connecticut, Pediatric Nephrology, 76-78 Board Certification: Pediatrics, 78; Pediatric Nephrology, 82

18. Hematuria - Nephrologychannel hematuria is the presence of blood, specifically red blood cells, in the urine. Incidencehematuria occurs in up to 10% of the general population. Causes. http://www.nephrologychannel.com/hematuria/

Home Search SiteMap Ask the Dr. ... Medical Store advertisement advertisement HEMATURIA Overview Types Causes Symptoms ... Treatment CONDITIONS Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN) Acute Interstitial Nephritis (AIN) Acute Renal Failure (ARF) Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) Chronic Renal Failure Diabetic Nephropathy Hematuria Ischemic Nephropathy ... Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) Polycystic Kidney Disease Microalbuminuria Renal Artery Stenosis (RAS) Renal Vascular Hypertension (RVH) TREATMENT OPTIONS Hemodialysis Peritoneal Dialysis Kidney Transplant RELATED CONDITIONS Electrolyte Imbalance Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) RESOURCES Anatomy Links Clinical Trials Videos ABOUT US Healthcommunities.com Pressroom Testimonial Bibliography Overview Hematuria is the presence of blood, specifically red blood cells, in the urine. Whether the blood is visible only under a microscope or visible to the naked eye, hematuria is a sign that something is causing bleeding in the genitourinary tract: the kidneys, the ureters (tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder), the prostate gland (in men), the bladder, or the urethra (tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body). Bleeding may happen once or it may be recurrent. It can indicate different problems in men and women. Causes of this condition range from non–life threatening (e.g., urinary tract infection) to profoundly serious (e.g., cancer, kidney disease). Therefore, a physician should be consulted as soon as possible.

19. Hematuria - Diagnosis - Nephrologychannel To diagnose hematuria, the physician takes a complete personal and family medicalhistory and performs a physical examination with emphasis on the urinary tract http://www.nephrologychannel.com/hematuria/diagnosis.shtml

Home Search SiteMap Ask the Dr. ... Medical Store advertisement advertisement HEMATURIA Overview Types Causes Symptoms ... Treatment CONDITIONS Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN) Acute Interstitial Nephritis (AIN) Acute Renal Failure (ARF) Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) Chronic Renal Failure Diabetic Nephropathy Hematuria Ischemic Nephropathy ... Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) Polycystic Kidney Disease Microalbuminuria Renal Artery Stenosis (RAS) Renal Vascular Hypertension (RVH) TREATMENT OPTIONS Hemodialysis Peritoneal Dialysis Kidney Transplant RELATED CONDITIONS Electrolyte Imbalance Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) RESOURCES Anatomy Links Clinical Trials Videos ABOUT US Healthcommunities.com Pressroom Testimonial Bibliography Diagnosis Classification Bleeding is classified by when it occurs during urination, which may indicate the location of the problem. Onset of urination (initial hematuria)—urethra or prostate (men) Throughout urination (total hematuria)—bladder, ureter, or kidneys End of urination (terminal hematuria)—bladder or prostate (men) Symptoms may indicate the site and/or cause of bleeding: Abdominal pain—inflammation of the kidney or ureter caused by trauma, infection, or tumor

20. HEMATURIA 94 hematuria. DEFINITION The forms. 1. hematuria. family members musthave had previous urinalyes to ascertain this. 2. Renal Disease. stones http://www.icondata.com/health/pedbase/files/HEMATURI.HTM

Pediatric Database (PEDBASE) Discipline: APP Last Updated: 1/31/94 HEMATURIA DEFINITION: The excretion of 3 or more RBC's in a high powered field in 2 or more consecutive urine samples (freshly voided, clean-catch concentrated urine). EPIDEMIOLOGY: incidence: .17 - 0.3% prevalence: .4 - 2.1% (microscopic hematuria) risk factors: see differential diagnosis DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: 1. Renal 1. Trauma blunt, calculi, hydronephrosis 2. Toxic anticoagulants, acetazolamine, aminophylline, bacitracin, cephalosporin, cyclophosphamide, kanamycin, methicillin, PAS, phensuximide, phenytoin, salicylate, sulphonamides 3. Infectious UTI - bacterial, viral, TB 4. Hemorrhagic angioma, coagulopathies, infarct (emboli), malformations, papillary necrosis, telangiectasia, varices 5. Neoplastic Wilms' Tumor 6. Intrinsic 1. Glomerular 1. Hereditary Alport Syndrome* Benign Familial Hematuria* Thin Basement Membrane Disease* Nail-Patella Nephritis 2. Non-Hereditary 1. Acute Glomerulonephritis (GN) Poststreptococcal GN* Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura 2. Chronic Glomerulonephritis

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