21. Abnormal Development Of The Penis/Male Urethra hypospadias occurs when the fusion of the urethral folds stops proximalto the tip of the glans penis. This is called coronal hypospadias. http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/urology/abnpendv.htm

Abormal Development of the Penis and Male Urethra David A. Hatch, M.D. If the fusion of the urethral folds fail to progress distally on the ventral penis, the urethra will be shortened. Hypospadias occurs when the fusion of the urethral folds stops proximal to the tip of the glans penis. The term, hypospadias, means under [hypo] the rent [spadon]. The rent refers to the appearance of the ventral glans penis. It appears to have been ripped (rent) apart. Hypospadias can occur anywhere along the urethral groove. In mild forms, the urethra opens just under the corona glandis. This is called coronal hypospadias When the internal urethral folds fail to fuse, causing hypospadias, the external urethral folds usually fail to fuse, causing a dorsal hood foreskin . Notice that the lies at an angle on the penile shaft. Occasionally, the urethra develops only to the junction of the penis and scrotum. This boy has peno-scrotal hypospadias . As in this case, severe forms of hypospadias are accompanied by shortening of the urethral groove that causes ventral tethering of the penis. This condition, called chordee , can be severe enough to make sexual function impossible.

22. Hypospadias Information for patients about this disorder and the reason it should be repaired. http://www.um-urology.com/patients/hypospadias.html

Hypospadias Hypospadias is a birth defect found in boys in which the urinary tract opening is not at the tip of the penis. Bending of the penis on erection may be associated with this and is known as chordee . Hypospadias occurs in about 8 of 1000 male births. There is some family risk of hypospadias. When we see a boy with hypospadias there is a 20% chance of finding it in another family member. There are different degrees of hypospadias some minor and others more severe. We name the types of hypospadias according to their anatomic location, but one must always determine whether or not there is associated chordee. Reasons For Repair Surgical correction of hypospadias involves straightening of any chordee and then extension of the urinary tube (urethra) out to the tip of the penis (glans) The ability to stand and urinate is important for boys. When the urethra opens before it reaches the glans a boy may be unable to stand and urinate with a direct stream. The youngster who has to sit down to urinate on a toilet is at a painful social disadvantage. A straight penis is necessary for satisfactory sexual function. Although this may not seem to be an important matter in childhood, this is a crucial concern later in life - early childhood is generally the best time for correction.

23. Hypospadias hypospadias. What Is hypospadias? hypospadias is a common congenitalanomaly(birth defect) of the penis. The urethral opening (meatus http://www.pedsurology.com/hypospad.htm

Hypospadias What Is Hypospadias? Hypospadias is a common congenital anomaly(birth defect) of the penis. The urethral opening (meatus) is at or just below the junction where the glans joins the shaft of the penis. It can, however, be as far back as the scrotum. In addition, boys with hypospadias are often missing the undersurface half of their foreskin so that forms a hood. There is often a bend (called chordee) in the erect penis. What Causes It? Hypospadias results from incomplete development of the urethra. It is sometimes inherited. Other than inherited cases, the cause is usually not known. Why Is It Important? Hypospadias may cause deviation of the urinary stream so that the boy is forced to sit to urinate. Additionally, sexual function may be hampered by the location of the urethral opening or by the bend in the penis. Can A Circumcision Be Performed? No. A circumcision should not be performed during the newborn period. The foreskin may be needed for the repair of the hypospadias. Can It Be Corrected?

24. CDC Media Relations: Hypospadias Trends In Two US Surveillance Systems, New Rele hypospadias Trends in Two US Surveillance Systems. This is the first reportof an increase in the birth prevalence of hypospadias outside of Europe. http://www.cdc.gov/od/oc/media/pressrel/hypospad.htm

Media Home Contact Us Local Contents "Centers" at CDC Summaries Archive Global Health Odyssey Media Relations Home Page ... Email Us Contact: CDC Press Office Backgrounder: Hypospadias Trends in Two US Surveillance Systems The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention s (CDC) National Center for Environmental Health recently published an article in the journal Pediatrics entitled, "Hypospadias Trends in Two US Surveillance Systems." The article focuses on data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program and a national birth defects monitoring system. The data show that rates of the male genital birth defect known as hypospadias (malplacement of the urinary outlet of the penis) have increased markedly over the past 25 to 30 years. This is the first report of an increase in the birth prevalence of hypospadias outside of Europe. Rates increased almost twofold in metropolitan Atlanta from 1968 to 1993, from around 18 per 10,000 births to approximately 40 per 10,000 births. Similarly, rates increased almost twofold in a national birth defects surveillance system based on hospital discharge data between 1970 and 1993. Given that rates are about 40 per 10,000 total births (males and females), they are about 80 per 10,000

25. Hypospadias hypospadias. hypospadias births. The incidence and severity of hypospadiashas doubled in the United States over the last 25 years. http://www.drhull.com/EncyMaster/H/hypospadias.html

Help for sleepless parents Encyclopedia Index H hypospadias Search hypospadias Hypospadias is a congenital abnormality of the penis in which the urethral opening is positioned either along the shaft of the penis on its underside or on the scrotum or perineum instead of being located at the tip of the penis. With increasing degrees of severity, the penis is curved downward (referred to as chordee This is a relatively common condition, historically occurring in about 1 per 300 to 500 live male births. The incidence and severity of hypospadias has doubled in the United States over the last 25 years. This increase is believed to stem from environmental pollution with substances (chiefly insecticides) that have either estrogen-like effects or testosterone-blocking effects. Overall, the incidence is now believed to be about 1 in 100 male babies. The less common but more severe forms of hypospadias, in which the urethral opening is located on the penile shaft or in the perineum, may interfere with normal urination in the usual male standing position and may interfere with fertility. These more severe cases are usually corrected early in childhood to avoid social embarrassment and psychologic trauma. The ideal age for repair is before the age of 18 months. Routine newborn circumcision should be avoided

26. Penis Research - Hypospadias Information on hypospadias, a disorder affecting the penis urinary tract. Includeslinks to research and photos. hypospadias. What is a hypospadias? http://www.penisresearch.com/hypospadias.htm

HYPOSPADIAS What is a hypospadias? Hypospadias is a birth defect found in boys in which the urinary tract opening is not located properly at the tip of the penis, this occurs in about 1 in 100 male births. When a boy is born with hypospadias, there is a 20% chance of finding hypospadias in another family member, such as a father or a brother. There are varying degrees of severity of hypospadias and several different surgical procedures to correct it, depending upon the type. "Chordee", a bending of the penis on erection, sometimes occurs with hypospadias. In this case, hypospadias repair and chordee repairs are performed at the same time. Hypospadias surgery will be performed to extend the urinary tube (urethra) to the end of the penis, while the chordee repair will straighten out the penis. Why should hypospadias be treated? The ability to stand and urinate is important for boys. When the urethra opens before it reaches the tip of the penis, a boy may be unable to stand and urinate with a direct stream. The youngster who has to sit to urinate is at an extreme social disadvantage. Additionally, as an adult male, a straight penis is necessary for satisfactory sexual function and reproduction. How is hypospadias treated?

27. Hypospadias hypospadias. What is hypospadias? hypospadias is a birth defect found inboys in which the urinary tract opening is not at the tip of the penis. http://www.pedisurg.com/PtEduc/Hypospadias.htm

HYPOSPADIAS What is hypospadias? Hypospadias is a birth defect found in boys in which the urinary tract opening is not at the tip of the penis. Bending of the penis on erection may be associated and is known as chordee. Hypospadias occurs in about 1 in 100 to 1 in 200 boys. When we see a boy with hypospadias there is a 20% chance of finding this in another family member such as father or a brother. There are different degrees of hypospadias, some minor and others more severe. We name the types of hypospadias according to their anatomic location, but one must always determine whether or not there is associated chordee. Why does hypospadias need to be repaired? Surgical correction of hypospadias involves straightening of any chordee and then extension of the urinary tube (urethra) out to the tip of the penis (the glans). The ability to stand and urinate is important for boys. When the urethra opens before it reaches the glans a boy may be unable to stand and urinate with a direct stream.The youngster who has to sit down to urinate on a toilet is at a painful social disadvantage. A straight penis is necessary for satisfactory sexual function. Although this may not seem to be an important matter in childhood, this is a crucial concern later in life. Early childhood is generally the best time for correction of hypospadias and/or chordee. How are hypospadias and chordee repaired?

28. Chordee hypospadias, Book, Predisposing factors Family history Father with hypospadias8% risk; Brother with hypospadias 14% risk. Pathophysiology http://www.fpnotebook.com/URO72.htm

Home About Links Index ... Editor's Choice Paid Advertisement (click above). Please see the privacy statement Urology Pediatrics Infectious Disease ... Penis Chordee Hypospadias Testes Communicating Hydrocele Undescended Testicle Chordee Dorsal Hood Deformity Book Home Page Cardiovascular Medicine Dental Dermatology Emergency Medicine Endocrinology Gastroenterology General Medicine Geriatric Medicine Gynecology Hematology and Oncology HIV Infectious Disease Jokes Laboratory Neonatology Nephrology Neurology Obstetrics Ophthalmology Orthopedics Otolaryngology Pediatrics Pharmacology Prevention Psychiatry Pulmonology Radiology Rheumatology Sports Medicine Surgery Urology Chapter Urology Index Bladder Endocrinology Examination Hematology and Oncology Infectious Disease Impotence Incontinence Laboratory General Obstetrics Pediatrics Penis Pharmacology Prevention Procedure Prostate Radiology Nephrology Surgery Symptom Evaluation Testes Urine Page Pediatrics Index ID UTI Penis Chordee Penis Hypospadias Testes Hydrocele Communicating Testes Undescended See Also Genitourinary Examination in Infants Definition Congenital Ventral Curvature of the Penis Pathophysiology Hypospadias (most common association) No Hypospadias (less common) Skin Tethering (insufficient ventral penile skin) Short urethra Inelastic bands of dartos fascia Symptoms Penis curves during Erection Dorsal hood deformity Incomplete foreskin development Management Repair after age 6 months References Behrman (2000) Nelson Pediatrics, Saunders, p. 1647

29. Hermaphrodites With Attitude - Spring1995 Includes Learning to Speak at 36 by Jane Carden (on testicular feminization), Thinking of more surgery? by IQ, a variety of letters including Hermaphrodite and damn proud! and What I wish my parents had been told about hypospadias, and a poem entitled I am intersex by Lee. http://www.isna.org/hwa/spring95/Spring95.html

Subscribe to ISNA E-News What's New? Search ISNA Site Contact Info Board of Directors ... ... and more... Intersex Society of North America info@isna.org ISNA Newsletters Each issue is mailed to you for free if you make a donation of $35 or more ! Here you can read back issues of the newsletter in HTML (i.e. with your web browser) or in PDF (with Adobe Acrobat Reader ISNA News - Fall 2002 It's about quality of life (not just gender) Change the textbooks! Is XXY intersex? ISNA releases medical training video Report from the board ISNA News - May 2001 Why do we need ISNA? ISNA News - February 2001 Medical change picks up speed Dramatic financial growth for ISNA Who's who at ISNA ISNA builds board of directors Become an advocacy partner 1st National Conference on Gender and 6th Annual Lobby Day Top Ten Myths about intersexuality Hermaphrodites with Attitude - Fall 1999 Focus on local activism Ethics makes inroads; media take note

30. Hypospadias hypospadias If the hypospadias is during erection. James E. Peron,MS, Ed.D. A friend's husband has mild hypospadias. He was http://www.naturalchildbirth.org/natural/resources/newborn/newborn08.htm

Hypospadias If the hypospadias is minor and the opening near or immediately below the glans such that urination is essentially normal, there is little reason to subject the child to surgical correction. Many urologists today recommend not intervening in such cases, especially at such a young age. To repair this condition requires taking skin tissue from the penile shaft. Presumably, this child was NOT circumcised. Essentially the child will be circumcised in the procedure. In many cases, the extent of surgery can result in restriction and discomfort during erection. -James E. Peron, MS, Ed.D. A friend's husband has mild hypospadias. He was a professional football player, so evidently was not humiliated out of locker rooms. He is a wonderful loving husband, she is now menopausal and they report a comfortable satisfactory sexual life with no need for lubricants or unusual forms of stimulation. This would not be possible if he had been circumcised or if his preputial nerves had been severed to "correct" a hypospadias. Parents and nurses and doctors can easily open their mouths and hearts and explain differences so that children can protect themselves from any verbal insults, far more easily than infants and children can endure terrible pain

31. Www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2K/MB_cgi?term=Hypospadias Similar pages MEDLINEplus Medical Encyclopedia hypospadiashypospadias. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top. hypospadiasis a congenital defect that affects up to 3 in 1,000 newborn boys. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2K/MB_cgi?term=Hypospadias

32. Hypospadias In Men And Boys hypospadias what causes it? How to live with it. Is surgery a good idea?Plus many links to support groups hypospadias photos and pictures. http://www.geocities.com/HotSprings/5571/hypospadias.html

The-penis.com Hypospadias Hypospadias: what it is and what can cause it. Support groups. The abnormal penis. Living with hypospadias - personal stories. Home Penis size Problem page Peyronies [ Hypospadias ] Male sexuality, arousal and orgasm Condom cover Masturbation Gay and bi men ... Penis humor Hypospadias ? A twist of fate - your penis isn't like most of the others I strongly recommend anyone with this problem to look at and join the relevant support groups (see links below) - you will learn you are not alone! Hypospadias, which is an accident of birth, is a condition where the opening of the penis is found somewhere back along the shaft, anywhere from tip to base, and it is often accompanied by other differences such as penile twisting, a "hooked" appearance because the glans bends down, and a hooded, incomplete foreskin. There is little information about it on the net, and I hope that this page will be useful to those who have this challenge. Hypospadias may not be that well known, but for the men who experience it, the consequences can be devastating, because it strikes at the root of "normality" - and, as I suggested on the Size page, for most men, being up there with the rest of mankind is a crucial issue. The text below is written by a man with personal experience of hypospadias.

33. Hypospadias-peyronies hypospadias and Peyronies disease, why they happen, what to do; hypospadiasphotos, support groups, information. hypospadias or Peyronie's disease? http://www.geocities.com/HotSprings/5571/hypospadias-peyronies.html

The-penis.com Hypospadias or Peyronie's disease? Hypospadias and Peyronie's disease are not that well-known, but for the men who experience them, the consequences can be devastating. There is no connection between the two conditions other than the fact they both strike at the root of "normality" - and, for most men, the issue of being up there with the rest of mankind is a crucial issue. Both conditions involve distortion of the normal penis; but while hypospadias is an accident of birth, Peyronie's disease is acquired during adult life. There are now two pages on this web site dealing with these conditions - one for Hypospadias, and one for Peyronie's. You can click on the links below to go to the relevant page. Hypospadias Peyronie's

34. Hypospadias: What Is Done To Correct This? hypospadias is when the opening of the penis is located below the end ofthe penis. Click Here! hypospadias What is done to correct this? http://www.parentsplace.com/babies/physical/qas/0,10338,239222_101282,00.html

var cimsCid = ''; var cimsUid = '101282'; main COMMUNITY Message Boards Chats ... Community Challenges find on iVillage on astrology on babies on beauty on books on food on health on lamaze.com on money on parenting on pets on relationships on women.com on work MAGAZINES on Cosmopolitan on Country Living on Good Housekeeping on House Beautiful on Marie Claire on Redbook on Victoria you are here: iVillage parentsplace babies health ... Talent Test more centers iMaternity Shop Amazon RECOMMENDED Baby-Making Basics Are You Pregnant? Chinese Gender Chart Top Baby Names by State ... Postpartum Depression: Are You at Risk? WHAT'S NEW Best Advice for Life after Baby Twin Pregnancy Symptoms Week-by-Week Pregnancy Guide TOPICS Trying to conceive Infertility Adoption Pregnancy ... Pregnancy and babies A-Z FEATURES Boards Chats Experts Quizzes ... Tools FREE NEWSLETTERS ParentsPlace more newsletters Hypospadias: What is done to correct this? We had a micro-preemie (25 weeks - 1 lb 7.4 oz) and are very fortunate that he is doing very well. What we need information on is hypospadias. What is the anticipated surgery and recovery times? Is there anything we need to look out for or be aware of post-surgery? I know this depends on the severity (our son is not severe, I believe a grade 2), but what is the likelihood of multiple surgeries? Robert Steele Robert W. Steele, M.D., is a board certified pediatrician at St. John's Regional Health Center in Springfield, Missouri.

35. Hypospadias Repair hypospadias Repair. A defect in which the urethral opening is on the undersideof the penis instead of on the tip is called a hypospadias. http://www.circlist.com/anatterms/hypospadias.html

Hypospadias Repair Definition: Surgery to repair a birth defect of the male urination tube (urethra). The normal male urethral opening is at the tip or end of the penis. A defect in which the urethral opening is on the underside of the penis instead of on the tip is called a hypospadias. Hypospadias may be a mild defect (with the urethral opening slightly out of place, near the tip of the penis) or severe (with the urethral opening farther up the shaft of the penis). Hypospadias frequently includes a shortening or bending under of the penis. Description: Surgical repair of hypospadias is done using general anesthesia (i.e., you are asleep.) The type of repair depends on the severity of the defect. Mild defects may be repaired in a single procedure, while severe defects may require two or more procedures. The males circumcised foreskin is used to create a tube to extend the urethral length to allow placement of the urethral opening at the tip of the penis. Circumcision should NOT be performed at birth on infants with hypospaidas so that the foreskin can be used for the repair. Hypospadias repair kills two birds with one stone - getting rid of the hypospadias and properly circumcising the male.

36. Our Stolen Future: Hypospadias Associated With Maternal Vegetarian Diet 2000. A maternal vegetarian diet in pregnancy is associated with hypospadias. Thestudy examined 7928 boys, of whom 51 had hypospadias. http://www.ourstolenfuture.org/NewScience/reproduction/hypospadias/2000northgold

Navigate the site Newest developments Book Basics New Science Consensus Statements Commentary Myths vs. Reality Useful links Important Events Other Sources Other Languages About the Authors North, K, J Golding and the ALSPAC Study Team. 2000. A maternal vegetarian diet in pregnancy is associated with hypospadias . BJU International 85:107-113. This paper establishes a statistically significant association between maternal diet and subsequent hypospadias in boys born to vegetarian mothers. Hypospadias is a structural defect in the penis that has been increasing in frequency in several countries over the past 20 years, including the United States [ More... An important aspect of this study is that it was prospective. Mothers were interviewed during pregnancy and thus the study avoids the problem of biased recall. The study examined 7928 boys, of whom 51 had hypospadias. Of vegetarian mothers, 2.2% gave birth to a boy with hypospadias, compared to 0.6% of mothers who were omnivores. The adjusted odds ratio of hypospadias for vegetarian mothers was 4.99 (with 95% confidence intervals from 2.10-11.88).

37. Our Stolen Future: Changes In The Rate Of Hypospadias hypospadias is a birth defect of the penis in which the position of the openingis shifted from its normal place on the head of the penis to somewhere along http://www.ourstolenfuture.org/NewScience/reproduction/hypospadias.htm

Navigate the site Newest developments Book Basics New Science Consensus Statements Commentary Myths vs. Reality Useful links Important Events Other Sources Other Languages About the Authors Hypospadias is a birth defect of the penis in which the position of the opening is shifted from its normal place on the head of the penis to somewhere along the shaft. The most extreme forms of hypospasias find the opening at the base, or even in the scrotum. Modest cases of this debilitating birth defect can be corrected through reconstructive surgery, but the most extreme cases sometimes cannot. The cause of hypospadias in humans has not been established, other than to observe that it must result from a developmental error in the womb that has prevented complete masculinization of the reproductive tract. Experiments with laboratory animals reveal that hypospadias can be repeatedly and reliable produced by exposure to several endocrine disrupting chemicals, including DDE and vinclozilin, a commonly used fungicide. The US Centers for Disease Control undertook a study of the rate of hypospadias in the US because of these animal studies. They had become concerned about endocrine disruption and decided that if it were a real problem, then there should be evidence in US health trends. They surveyed the animal studies looking for a reliable effect produced by endocrine disruption that, were it expressed in humans, would be readily and reliably detected. They were particularly interested in finding a health endpoint in which any changes in rate measured over time would not have been a result of differences in diagnosis or detection. This is a classic problem in longitudinal health studies. They selected hypospadias to study because it met these criteria.

38. Hypospadias Support Group The hypospadias Support Group is a group of parents of boys with hypospadias whooffer telephone support to other parents and families who feel the need to talk http://www.hypospadias.co.uk/

Be patient this initial page will make the links on the main page faster. A special thanks goes to Dave Smith from Matrix-Networks for helping get this back online. This site is hosted by Matrix-Networks......for more information email Dave@matrix-networks.co.uk

39. Hypospadias Support Group http://www.hypospadias.co.uk/index2.htm

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40. Virtual Children's Hospital: Urology: Pediatric Urology: Hypospadias Urology Information About hypospadias. What is hypospadias? hypospadias isone of the most common conditions referred to a pediatric urologist. http://www.vh.org/pediatric/patient/urology/faq/hypospadias.html

Urology Information About Hypospadias Christopher S. Cooper, M.D., Pediatric Urologist Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed First Published: January 2000 Last Revised: May 2000 What is hypospadias? Hypospadias is one of the most common conditions referred to a pediatric urologist. It is a condition where the urinary channel in a boy (called the "urethra"), does not come out at the tip of the penis. The cause is usually not known, although it does occur in some families. About 1 out of every 300 boys is born with this condition. The opening to the urinary channel may come out anywhere along the undersurface of the shaft of the penis or even as far back as beneath the scrotum. The foreskin on a penis with hypospadias is also abnormal. Frequently, a bend in the penis toward the boy's feet occurs with hypospadias. Is surgery necessary? If the opening of the hypospadias is out along the shaft, and the penis is straight, the only reason to operate is to make it look normal. If the opening of the urethra is further back on the penis or scrotum, or if it has a severe bend in it, then it may interfere with urination, sexual intercourse and fertility. When should surgery be performed?

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