21. Malnutrition Poverty not insufficient global food production is the root causeof malnutrition. Poor families lack the economic, environmental http://www.wri.org/wr-98-99/malnutri.htm

Linking Environment and Health Malnutrition Poverty not insufficient global food production is the root cause of malnutrition. Poor families lack the economic, environmental, or social resources to purchase or produce enough food. In rural areas, land scarcity and degradation, water salinity due to overirrigation, soil erosion, droughts, and flooding can all undermine a family's ability to grow enough food. In urban areas, low wages, lack of work and underemployment, and rapid changes in food prices often place food supplies out of the reach of poor households. War and civil strife almost always cause upheaval in the food system and often result in widespread famine, as with the civil wars in Rwanda and Somalia. Although overall trends are positive, with the proportion of people with malnutrition declining, many remain at risk, and some regions are hit especially hard. (See Countries with Populations at Risk of Inadequate Nutrition .) Between 1990 and 1992, approximately 841 million people or 1 out of every 5 people in the developing world did not have access to enough food for healthy living (1). Countries with Populations at Risk of Inadequate Nutrition Source : See Environmental Risks to Human Health: New Indicators The health consequences of inadequate nutrition are enormous. According to one estimate, malnutrition contributed to roughly 12 percent of all deaths in 1990 (2). Although much of this toll stems from underconsumption of protein and energy, deficiencies in key micronutrients such as iodine, vitamin A, and iron also undermine health (3).

22. Obesity Research Center At St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center He has studied the nutritional consequences of HIV infection for the past 15 years, and provided the original description of the cachectic process. Studies include body composition measurements, adverse consequences of malnutrition in HIV infection, pathogenic mechanisms underlying the development of malnutrition, optimization of clinical evaluation, and nutritional support. http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/dept/obesectr/NYORC/kotler.html

Donald P. Kotler, MD Donald P. Kotler received his BA in 1969 from Rutgers College and his MD from Albert Einstein College of Medicine in 1973. After completing his training in Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology at Bronx Municipal Hospital Center and the University of Pennsylvania, respectively, he joined the Division of Gastroenterology in the Department of Medicine at St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center in 1979. His laboratory facilities include a clinical area for inpatient or outaptient human studies, a clinical investigative area for measuring body composition and exercise capabilities, and basic science laboratories for cell culture, for routine laboratory analyses, histology, immunoassay, and moleular techniques. Cooperation with the Body Composition Unit, Weight Control Unit, Obesity Research Center, and the Microbiology Laboratory provides increased sophistication for many of the measures. Dr. Kotler has focused on four general areas of research and his laboratory has performed exclusively human studies for about the past 10 years. He has studied the nutritional consequences of HIV infection for the past 15 years, and provided the original description of the cachectic process. Studies include body composition measurements, adverse consequences of malnutrition in HIV infection, pathogenic mechanisms underlying the development of malnutrition, optimization of clinical evaluation, and nutritional support. Nutrition consequences of other chronic disease processes also are being studied in the laboratory, and involve two general areas. Specific investigations involving nutritional aspects of chronic hepatitis C infection, end stage renal disease, and congestive heart failure are ongoing, or in development. The effect of nutrition upon immune function also is being examined in the laboratory.

23. EMedicine - Malnutrition : Article By Donna G Grigsby, MD malnutrition. Synonyms and related keywords proteinenergy malnutrition, PEM,protein-calorie malnutrition, kwashiorkor, marasmus, starvation, hunger. http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic1360.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Pediatrics Nutrition Malnutrition Last Updated: March 20, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: protein-energy malnutrition, PEM, protein-calorie malnutrition, kwashiorkor, marasmus, starvation, hunger AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 7 Author Information Introduction Clinical Workup ... Bibliography Author: Donna G Grigsby, MD , Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine Donna G Grigsby, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: Ambulatory Pediatric Association American Academy of Pediatrics , and Kentucky Pediatric Society Editor(s): Maria Rebello Mascarenhas, MBBS , Director of Nutrition Support Service, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Robert Konop, PharmD

24. The Happy Family Brazilian couple who have adopted 53 abandoned children, many of whom arrived with severe malnutrition or serious illnesses. http://www.happyfamily.org.br

Happy Family C hristian Project - Brazil Children Rescue A bandoned, Homeless, Street boys, Shelter, Orphanege, Charity Discrimination ,Volunteers, Missions, Evangelism, Resources, Sponsors Enter familia0@terra.com.br

25. ThinkQuest Library Of Entries malnutrition is an enormous problem throughout the world. Although Theseconditions may lead to widespread malnutrition. malnutrition http://library.thinkquest.org/26026/Health_Concerns/malnutrition.html

Welcome to the ThinkQuest Internet Challenge of Entries The web site you have requested, The Environment: A Global Challenge , is one of over 4000 student created entries in our Library. Before using our Library, please be sure that you have read and agreed to our To learn more about ThinkQuest. You can browse other ThinkQuest Library Entries To proceed to The Environment: A Global Challenge click here Back to the Previous Page The Site you have Requested ... The Environment: A Global Challenge click here to view this site A ThinkQuest Internet Challenge 1999 Entry Click image for the Site Awards Received Platinum Languages : Site Desciption "The Environment: A Global Challenge" is a comprehensive site providing information on many aspects of the environment. There are 400 articles in twelve content sections [ Current Events, Economics, Environmental Problems, Health Concerns, History, Organizations, Science, Statistics and World Outlook]. Articles are interlinked and multimedia and links to outside information often accompany the text. Integrated into each content section and spread out through various other sections are many interactive features, such as simulations, interviews, streaming multimedia, a scientific experimentation center, and systems for adding links and new content enable visitors to experience what they are learning about. Educators can easily and instantly involve their entire class in the site by creating accounts in our Classroom Connection database. Students Michael Kantonsschule Pfäffikon/Nuolen

26. Division Of Gastroenterology - UMass Medical School Clinical research includes studies on therapies for viral hepatitis, malnutrition, obstructive pancreaticbiliary disease, and effects of aging on gastrointestinal function. http://www.umassmed.edu/gastro/

directory contact us index Gastro Home ... What's New division of gastroenterology Welcome to the Division of Gastroenterology's website Timothy C. Wang, MD- Division Chief Gastroenterology is a specialty involved in preventing, diagnosing, and treating diseases of the luminal GI tract (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon and rectum) liver, gallbladder and pancreas. The Gastroenterology division at UMass Memorial Medical Center is dedicated to excellence in patient care, research and medical education. Our staff is committed to providing the highest quality of care to individuals as well as to the community. We strive to advance patient care through excellence in clinical, basic and translational research, and to educate future health care professionals. The high standards set by the division and the scope of services available ensure that patients will receive the best care possible for a wide variety of gastrointestinal and liver diseases. As a tertiary referral center, we offer expertise in all areas of clinical GI, hepatology and adult nutrition. Our dedicated clinical staff is a caring team of specialized doctors, nurses, technicians, and other ancillary personnel who are committed to improving the health and well being of patients with a variety of gastrointestinal and liver disorders. In addition to addressing specific medical needs, we promote health through preventive care, cancer screening, and by providing education, allowing the patient to better understand their disease process.

27. AllAfrica.com -- Ethiopia: Malnutrition Rates On The Increase malnutrition Rates On the Increase, Email This Page Print This Page VisitThe Publisher's Site. UN Integrated Regional Information Networks. http://allafrica.com/stories/200302050068.html

Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo-Brazzaville Congo-Kinshasa Côte d'Ivoire Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sao Tomé and Principé Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Western Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe Malnutrition Rates On the Increase Email This Page Print This Page Visit The Publisher's Site UN Integrated Regional Information Networks February 5, 2003 Posted to the web February 5, 2003 Addis Ababa Malnutrition rates in Ethiopia are gradually increasing despite widespread efforts to help millions of people facing starvation in the country, according to aid organisations. The UN's Country Team (UNCT) said the increase is particularly alarming because the so-called critical period - when current harvests normally run out - has not been reached. "An increasing trend gives indication of a worsening nutritional and hence humanitarian situation," the UNCT said in its 'Focus on Ethiopia' report. It added that typically at this time of year, when the harvests have been brought in, the malnutrition rates should be falling - not slowly increasing.

28. Angola Briefing Note The main public health threat is epidemics, particularly malaria, diarrhea disease and meningitis; and malnutrition is a longterm consequence of food shortfall. http://www.who.int/eha/emergenc/angola/031198.htm

Health Topics Search Dept of Emergency And Humanitarian Action Emergency and Humanitarian Action Health Intelligence Network for Advanced Planning v. 1.5 Humanitarian Links Donor Relations FAQs About EHA ... Contact EHA Health Intelligence Find out what is happening, in what context, and where. Click here for documents relating to specific countries or areas of countries: Afghanistan Albania Angola Benin Bosnia-Herzegovina Botswana Burundi Cambodia Central African Republic Chad China Colombia Congo D.R. Congo Rep. Of Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Djibouti E Timor Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Ethiopia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau India Indonesia Indonesia (Maluku) Iran Iraq Israel Jordan Kenya Korea DPR Kosovo Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Macedonia Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mauritania Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Nigeria Pakistan Russian Federation Rwanda Serbia Serbia and Montenegro Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Syria Tajikistan Tanzania Togo Uganda Uzbekistan W Timor West Bank/Gaza Yugoslavia FR Zambia Zimbabwe Specific Emergency Situations: _West Bank and Gaza Afghanistan Humanitarian Crisis Angola Humanitarian Crisis Balkans Humanitarian Crisis ... Timor Crisis Briefing note on the potential impact of conflict on health in Iraq Full text More information about Iraq Emergencies cited as major threat to human health in Africa, as wars cost Region $15 billion per year

29. BBC News | SOUTH ASIA | India's Malnutrition 'crisis' Friday, 19 November, 1999, 1743 GMT India's malnutrition 'crisis' Womenand children are the worst sufferers. By Daniel Lak in Delhi http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/south_asia/newsid_528000/528485.stm

low graphics version feedback help You are in: World: South Asia Front Page World ... Audio/Video Friday, 19 November, 1999, 17:43 GMT India's malnutrition 'crisis' Women and children are the worst sufferers By Daniel Lak in Delhi The World Bank has said malnutrition affects huge numbers of people in India, especially women and children, despite decades of often effective government action. Its report "Wasting Away - The Crisis of Malnutrition in India" blames poverty and low status of women for some of its most shocking statistics - half of all children under four are malnourished, it says, and 60% of women are anaemic. Mothers and sisters often forego food in poor families to give husbands and sons more than their share, the report says. One of the authors of the report, Mira Chatterjee, says malnutrition on such scale means money invested in education is not used effectively as hungry children cannot study. Economic cost The report estimates that malnourished workers mean an annual loss of $10 bn in lost productivity. The green revolution helped Indian food production It praises India's effort to feed its people through agricultural innovation and poverty alleviation schemes, but says population growth, high prices and unemployment often offset well intentioned government programmes.

30. The Micronutrient Initiative Organization working to eliminate micronutrient malnutrition. Site has organization profile, current work, nutrition news, resources, contacts and career information. http://www.micronutrient.org

About MI MI’s Work Resources Contact Us About MI MI’s Work Resources Contact Us ... A Regional Food Fortification Strategy is Initiated in West Africa

31. BBC News | SCI/TECH | Malnutrition Hits Fat And Thin Saturday, 4 March, 2000, 2341 GMT malnutrition hits fat and thin Almost one Africanchild in three is underweight Hunger kills, quickly or slowly . . . http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_663000/663994.stm

low graphics version feedback help You are in: Sci/Tech Front Page World UK ... AudioVideo Saturday, 4 March, 2000, 23:41 GMT Malnutrition hits fat and thin Almost one African child in three is underweight: Hunger kills, quickly or slowly . . . By environment correspondent Alex Kirby The number of overweight people in the world now equals those made thin by hunger, but both groups are malnourished according to a study of obesity and inadequate diet. We're like children in a candy shop, every day of our lives Gary Gardner The study, Underfed and Overfed: The Global Epidemic of Malnutrition, is published by the Worldwatch Institute, based in Washington, DC. The authors say that while the world's underfed population has shrunk slightly to 1.2 billion, the number of overweight people has risen to the same figure. They say obesity cost the US 12% of the national health care budget in the late 1990s - $118bn - more than double the $47bn attributable to smoking. They define both the overweight and the underweight as suffering from malnutrition. . . . and so does obesity, another form of malnutrition

32. WHO Global Database On Child Growth An overview of the worldwide magnitude of proteinenergy malnutrition and its effect on growth. http://www.who.int/whosis/cgrowth/bulletin.htm

33. UNICEF End Decade Databases - Malnutrition When the ambitious goal of halving child malnutrition was adopted in 1990, overa third of the world's underfives - some 174 million children - were http://www.childinfo.org/eddb/malnutrition/

End-decade Databases Indicators Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) Home ... Search No.3: Between 1990 and the year 2000, reduction of severe and moderate malnutrition among under-five children by half No. 9: Special attention to the health and nutrition of the female child and to pregnant and lactating women The Challenge Good nutrition is the cornerstone for survival, health and development for current and succeeding generations. Well-nourished children perform better in school, grow into healthy adults and in turn give their children a better start in life. Well-nourished women face fewer risks during pregnancy and childbirth, and their children set off on firmer developmental paths, both physically and mentally. When the ambitious goal of halving child malnutrition was adopted in 1990, over a third of the world's under-fives - some 174 million children - were malnourished. Malnutrition is implicated in more than half of all child deaths worldwide. Malnourished children have lowered resistance to infection; they are more likely to die from common childhood ailments like diarrhoeal diseases and respiratory infections, and for those who survive, frequent illness saps their nutritional status, locking them into a vicious cycle of recurring sickness and faltering growth. Their plight is largely invisible: three quarters of the children who die from causes related to malnutrition were only mildly or moderately undernourished, showing no outward sign of their vulnerability.

34. Des Années à Savourer Plateforme de coordination entre les professionnels, les b©n©voles, les familles et les voisins afin de soutenir les personnes   risque d'isolement et de malnutrition. L'association pr©sente des strat©gies de solidarit© et d'information dans le domaine de la malnutrition des personnes ¢g©es. Suisse. http://www.savourerlavie.ch/

Fondation "Health On the Net" qui héberge gracieusement son site Web. charte HONcode Vos commentaires sont les bienvenus

35. VEGAN-STRAIGHT-EDGE - Malnutrition And Gynaepathology malnutrition And Gynaepathology. In fact there is nothing normal or naturalabout womens problems , most of which are a result of malnutrition. http://www.vegan-straight-edge.org.uk/FOODGYNA.HTM

Malnutrition And Gynaepathology The Nutritional Assault on Womens Health -by John- I n the westernised populations pregnancy and childbirth are often treated like illnesses that require hospitalisation. Women regard menstrual bleeding and various associated suffering to be "normal". In fact there is nothing normal or natural about "womens problems", most of which are a result of malnutrition. In this radical approach to womens health I shall outline the concept of the Natural Woman which will challenge some commonly held but irrational beliefs. The objective here is not to supply dietary advice but rather educate and stimulate discussion. In Food Processing and Malnutrition I used some of the information from Dr. Weston A. Prices book Nutrition And Physical Degeneration to show the effects that modern diets have had on humans and I finished with the following quote: "... low-fat, plant-rich diets retard the onset of menstruation and decrease circulating hormone levels. Fat and animal protein have each been shown to increase female hormone levels, while dietary fiber decreases these levels." News of the Cornell-China Project T. Colin Campbell Ph.D. (op. cit.)

36. Malnutrition An in depth discussion with topics such as under nutrition, energy, protein and fats, vitamins and minerals, over nutrition, risks and prevention. http://www.nutrition.org.uk/Facts/nutandhealth/malnutrition.html

37. VEGAN-STRAIGHT-EDGE - Food Processing And Malnutrition Food Processing and malnutrition. While the old diseases of serious malnutritionwaned, the lesson of feeding properly had not been fully explored. http://www.vegan-straight-edge.org.uk/foodproc.htm

Food Processing and Malnutrition The Economic Destruction of The Food Chain -by John- F rom 1811 to 1816 groups of English artisans known as Luddites rallied against the machinery of the industrial revolution. The advent of intensive mechanisation brought not only the end of skilled craft labour, but ultimately set in motion the widespread malnutrition of the westernised worlds. In 1898 the first edition of Peter Kropotkin's Fields, Factories And Workshops Tomorrow was published. In it he says: "The necessary machinery was created, and the British production of manufactured goods went on at a gigantic pace. In the course of less than seventy years- from 1810 to 1878- the output of coal grew from 10 to 133,000,000 tons; the imports of raw materials rose from 30 to 380,000,000 tons; and the exports of manufactured goods from 46 to 200,000,000 pounds. The tonnage of the commercial fleet was nearly trebled. Fifteen thousand miles of railways were build." The problem of food preservation was solved mainly by either denaturing (changing or removing any of the natural constituents of food by processing techniques) foods so much that they no longer supported bacterial or fungal life, or by canning or embalming the foods in poisons. Later improvements on these techniques means that there are some foods in modern society that simply will not decompose, thus demonstrating their unsuitability to support life. All of this was missed in an era where people were keen to reap the benefits of technology and understood very little, if anything, about nutrition. So long as enough food was eaten for men and women to work the factories, all was well.

38. Vitamin Angel Alliance Organization that fights malnutrition and childhood blindness worldwide by providing nutritional supplements, health education to communities that are medically underserved or at risk. Works in partnership with Direct Relief International. http://www.vitaminangel.com/

39. MEDLINEplus Medical Encyclopedia: Malnutrition malnutrition. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top malnutrition isa general term that indicates a lack of some or all nutritional elements. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000404.htm

Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Malnutrition Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Prevention Illustrations Food guide pyramid Alternative names Return to top Nutrition - inadequate Definition Return to top A condition caused by inadequate intake or inadequate digestion of nutrients. It may result from eating an inadequate or unbalanced diet, digestive problems, absorption problems, or other medical conditions. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Malnutrition is a general term that indicates a lack of some or all nutritional elements. This can occur because of deficiencies in the diet. Single vitamin deficiencies are a form of malnutrition just as starvation is a form of malnutrition. Malnutrition can also occur when nutrients are adequately consumed in the diet, but one or more nutrients are not digested or absorbed properly. Malnutrition may be mild enough to show no symptoms or so severe that the damage it has done is irreversible even though the individual may be kept alive. Worldwide, malnutrition continues to be a significant problem, especially among children who cannot fend adequately for themselves. Poverty, natural disasters, political problems and war in countries such as Biafra, Somalia, Rwanda, Iraq, and many others have demonstrated that

40. Health Ency.: Disease: Malnutrition malnutrition. conditions. Causes and Risks. malnutrition is a general termthat indicates a lack of some or all nutritional elements. This http://www.accessatlanta.com/shared/health/adam/ency/article/000404.html

SEARCH: The Web Yellow Pages HOME AJC.COM Illustrated Health Encyclopedia Important notice Ency. home Disease M Malnutrition Overview Symptoms Treatment Prevention Alternative names: Nutrition - inadequate Definition: A condition caused by inadequate intake or inadequate digestion of nutrients. It may result from eating an inadequate or unbalanced diet, digestive problems, absorption problems, or other medical conditions. Causes and Risks Malnutrition is a general term that indicates a lack of some or all nutritional elements. This can occur because of deficiencies in the diet. Single vitamin deficiencies are a form of malnutrition just as starvation is a form of malnutrition. Malnutrition can also occur when nutrients are adequately consumed in the diet, but one or more nutrients are not digested or absorbed properly. Malnutrition may be mild enough to show no symptoms or so severe that the damage it has done is irreversible even though the individual may be kept alive. Worldwide, malnutrition continues to be a significant problem, especially among children who cannot fend adequately for themselves. Poverty, natural disasters, political problems and war in countries such as Biafra, Somalia, Rwanda, Iraq, and many others have demonstrated that hunger and malnutrition are not strangers to this world.

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