1. The Body: Microsporidiosis Information resources from The Body on this opportunitistic infection. http://www.thebody.com/treat/micros.html

Microsporidiosis Albendazole Free from Buyers' Club (December 6, 1996) From AIDS Treatment News Albendazole Info Sheet (April, 1996) From the PWA Health Group

2. OI: Microsporidiosis -- ÆGIS microsporidiosis. This is part of a series on Opportunistic Infections ("OIs"). http://www.aegis.com/topics/oi/oi-microsporidiosis.html

Microsporidiosis This is part of a series on Opportunistic Infections ("OIs"). Please note that This Page Is Just A Starting Point: who specializes in treating HIV. Finding The Latest Information: Advances in treating opportunistic infections can happen at any time, so the material on this page may be outdated. Some links in the see also section at the bottom of this page are actually special database links. They may contain information published after this page was written. Classification parasite Description Microsporidia includes several species of parasites that can cause problems for HIV+ Enterocytozoon bieneusi found in the small intestine, and sometimes blamed for sinusitis. Some say this is a common cause of otherwise unexplained bile duct infections (cholangitis). Encephalitozoon hellem causes infections of the sinus and eyes. E. cuniculi causes infections of the sinus and eyes. Septata intestinalis causes infections of the sinus and eyes. Symptoms include diarrhea, weight loss. Treatment There is no standard treatment. Albendazole is commonly used.

3. (ATDN) Microsporidiosis (ATDN) microsporidiosis Treatment Review 18; April 1995 microsporidiosisis an intestinal infection that people with AIDS can get. http://www.aegis.com/pubs/atdn/1995/atr01811.html

ATDN) Microsporidiosis Treatment Review #18; April 1995 Microsporidiosis is an intestinal infection that people with AIDS can get. The infection usually causes diarrhea. A trial is studying albendazole for the treatment of microsporidiosis . To participate in this study you must be HIV+, 18 years or older, and have biopsy-proven microsporidiosis within 90 days of study entry. You must have a history of an average of 3 liquid bowel movements per day for 4 weeks prior to study entry and, if taking antidiarrheal medication, be on a stable regimen for at least 7 days before study entry. You must be on a stable regimen of any other medication for 2 weeks before study entry. Pregnant women and nursing mothers are not allowed. You cannot have taken any potential antiprotozoal drugs such as mebendazole or metronidazole within 1 week of study entry or taken albendazole within 1 month of study entry. Participants will be divided into two groups. One group will be treated with albendazole. The other group will be treated with placebo. Neither the doctor nor the participant will know which treatment is being given. After the 28 day double-blind period, all participants will receive open-label albendazole for 62 days. If you become hospitalized or have to remain in the hospital due to worsening diarrhea during the first 14 days of the study, you will be given open- label treatment. Treatment is for 3 months. Call The Network at (800) 734-7104 for more information. Albendazole is also available through a compassionate use program for the treatment of microsporidiosis. Doctors should call (800) 355-8900 x 3909. They will be given a number to call at the

4. DPDx - Microsporidiosis http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Microsporidiosis.htm

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5. SYSTEMIC MICROSPORIDIOSIS IN INLAND BEARDED DRAGONS, POGONA VITTICEPS SYSTEMIC microsporidiosis IN INLAND BEARDED DRAGONS, POGONA VITTICEPS JACOBSON ELLIOTT R UNDEEN ALBERT H VAUGHN KAREN L Exotic animals are subject to diseases of unknown origin. http://www.nal.usda.gov/ttic/tektran/data/000008/25/0000082527.html

TEKTRAN SYSTEMIC MICROSPORIDIOSIS IN INLAND BEARDED DRAGONS, POGONA VITTICEPS Author(s): JACOBSON ELLIOTT R GREEN EARL UNDEEN ALBERT H CRANFIELD MICHAEL VAUGHN KAREN L Interpretive Summary: Keywords: mosquito bloodsucking fly muscoid parasite biological control integrated pest management pathogen bacteria virus protozoa fungus molecular taxonomy Contact: USDA/ARS CMAVE 1600 S.W. 23RD DRIVE GAINESVILLE FL 32608 FAX: (352)374-5922 Email: a Approved Date: TEKTRAN United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Updated:

6. Microsporidiosis The term microsporidia is also used as a general nomenclature for the obligate intracellular protozoan parasites belonging to the phylum Microsporidia. http://www.cleanse.cc/microsporidiosis.html

Microsporidiosis Causal Agents: The term microsporidia is also used as a general nomenclature for the obligate intracellular protozoan parasites belonging to the phylum Microsporidia. To date, more than 1,200 species belonging to 143 genera have been described as parasites infecting a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Microsporidia, are characterized by the production of resistant spores that vary in size, depending on the species. They possess a unique organelle, the polar tubule or polar filament, which is coiled inside the spore as demonstrated by its ultrastructure. The microsporidia spores of species associated with human infection measure from 1 to 4µm and that is a useful diagnostic feature. There are at least 14 microsporidian species that have been identified as human pathogens: Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Encephalitozoon hellem, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Pleistophora sp., Trachipleistophora hominis, T. anthropophthera, Nosema ocularum, N. algerae, Vittaforma corneae, Microsporidium ceylonensis, M. africanum, Brachiola vesicularum, B. connori Encephalitozoon intestinalis was previously named Septata intestinalis , but it was reclassified as Encephalitozoon intestinalis based on its similarity at the morphologic, antigenic, and molecular levels to other species of this genus. Based on recent data it is now known that some domestic and wild animals may be naturally infected with the following microsporidian species:

7. Epidemiologic Notes And Reports Microsporidian Keratoconjunctivitis In Patients 1987, microsporidia have been increasingly recognized as a human pathogen (5,6).From 1959 through 1989, only eight cases of microsporidiosis were documented http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001578.htm

Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Microsporidian Keratoconjunctivitis in Patients with AIDS Two of the five patients have died of other AIDS-related complications. No improvement in their ocular infections was noted before death despite attempted treatment with various topical antimicrobial (tobramycin, chloramphenicol, and sulfisoxazole), lubricating, and anti-inflammatory agents (1). Two other patients did not respond to therapy with topical antimicrobial agents (neomycin, propamidine isethionate, amphotericin, sulfacetamide, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole); however, several weeks after therapy was discontinued the symptoms resolved. The reason for these improvements is unknown, but both patients coincidentally began systemic therapy with fluconozole or itraconazole for concomitant cryptococcal meningitis. Infection in the fifth patient failed to respond to topical preparations (cefazolin, propamidine isethionate, and clotrimazole); one cornea perforated, and the patient underwent emergency corneal grafting. Editorial Note Editorial Note: Microsporidia are ubiquitous, spore-forming, intracellular protozoal parasites that cause disease in a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate animals. Manifestations of disease in humans range from asymptomatic infections to fulminant cerebritis and/or nephritis; ocular infections are recognized infrequently (3,4).

8. Microsporidiosis - The Body: An AIDS And HIV Information Resource microsporidiosis. microsporidiosis in kidney transplant (Feb 11, 2000)microsporideosis (Dec 16, 1999). Terms of Use Please remember http://www.thebody.com/Forums/AIDS/Infections/Archive/Microsporidiosis/

Home Forum on Opportunistic Infections Answers to Questions by Category Microsporidiosis microsporidiosis in kidney transplant (Feb 11, 2000) microsporideosis (Dec 16, 1999) Please remember that this forum is designed for educational purposes only, and experts are not engaged in rendering medical advice or professional services. Information they provide is general only, and should not be used for diagnosing or treating a health problem or a disease. This information is not a substitute for professional care. If you have or suspect you may have a health problem, you should consult your health care provider. Experts appearing on this page are independent. They are solely responsible for editing and fact-checking their material. Neither The Body nor any sponsor is the publisher or speaker of their material.

9. Katalog - Wirtualna Polska Serwis Katalog w Wirtualna Polska S.A. pierwszy portal w Polsce. http://katalog.wp.pl/DMOZ/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Infectious_Diseases/Par

Poczta Czat SMS Pomoc Szukaj.wp.pl: -Katalog -Polskie www -¦wiatowe www -Wirtualna Polska -FTP/Pliki -Grupy dyskusyjne -Encyklopedia -Produkty wp.pl Katalog Katalog ¦wiatowy DMOZ ... Infectious Diseases > Parasitic Fakty o Katalogu Pomoc Regulamin Serwis szukaj ... Ostatnio dodane NAWIGACJA Fakty o katalogu Pomoc Regulamin Serwis Szukaj ... FAQ Dodaj stronê Katalog WP Polskie Strony WWW Oferta dla firm WP-HIT ... Wirtualna Polska

10. Microsporidiosis - Page 2 Clinical Features Human microsporidiosis represents an important and rapidlyemerging opportunistic disease, occurring mainly, but not exclusively, in http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Frames/M-R/Microsporidiosis/body_Microsporidios

[Last Modified: [Encephalitozoon cuniculi] [Encephalitozoon hellem] [Encephalitozoon intestinalis ( syn. Septata intestinalis)] [Enterocytozoon bieneusi] [Nosema spp. ] [Pleistophora sp. [Trachipleistophora hominis] [Vittaforma corneae ( syn. Nosema corneum)] Clinical Features: Human microsporidiosis represents an important and rapidly emerging opportunistic disease, occurring mainly, but not exclusively, in severely immunocompromised patients with AIDS. Additionally, cases of microsporidiosis in immunocompromised persons not infected with HIV as well as in immunocompetent persons also have been reported. The clinical manifestations of microsporidiosis are very diverse, varying according to the causal species with diarrhea being the most common. Microsporidian species Clinical manifestation Enterocytozoon bieneusi* Diarrhea, acalculous cholecystitis Encephalitozoon intestinalis ( syn. Septata intestinalis) Infection of the GI tract causing diarrhea, and dissemination to ocular, genitourinary and respiratory tracts Encephalitozoon hellem and Encephalitozoon cuniculi Keratoconjunctivitis, infection of respiratory and genitourinary tract, disseminated infection

11. EMedicine - Microsporidiosis : Article By Valda M Chijide, MD microsporidiosis Microsporidia are obligately intracellular, spore-formingparasites belonging to the phylum Microspora and the order Microsporida. http://www.emedicine.com/MED/topic1469.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Infectious Diseases Microsporidiosis Last Updated: January 15, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Valda M Chijide, MD , Director, Las Cruces Infectious Diseases Associates, PC Coauthor(s): Keith F Woeltje, MD, PhD , Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Georgia Valda M Chijide, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians , and Infectious Diseases Society of America Editor(s): Joseph Richard Masci, MD , Chief of Infectious Diseases, Associate Director, Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Elmhurst Hospital Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD

12. DIRECTORY.TERADEX.COM - Health/Fitness/Diseases/Infectious Diseases/Parasitic/Mi microsporidiosis (1). microsporidiosis Information resources from The Body on this opportunitistic infection. http://directory.teradex.com/Health_Fitness/Diseases/Infectious_Diseases/Parasit

preloadImages('as_free_x-mail_s','as_anonymous','as_ad-space'); Add your Web Site Add Search to your Site Search for: Search through: Entire site Microsporidiosis DIRECTORY Health/Fitness Diseases Infectious Diseases ... Microsporidiosis - Information resources from The Body on this opportunitistic infection. Submit Premium Listing! $10 for two years Sign Up User Name: Password: Edit in Real Time, Banner Placement Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web. Submit a Site Open Directory Project Become an Editor This site is presented in modified Open Directory form E-Mail: webmaster@teradex.com Aaex Corp.

13. Microsporidiosis microsporidiosis. Updated Oct 31, 2002. microsporidiosis is illness causedby recently discovered protozoan parasites called Microsporidia. http://www.aidsmap.com/Treatments/ixdata/english/32140694-3E2F-4BCF-8193-12AF80D

take me to... News What's new Treatments - Treatments overview - Anti-HIV therapy - A-Z of drugs - Emerging therapies - Medical tests - Symptoms and illnesses - Clinical trials - The Wheel A treatment planner Introductions to HIV/AIDS - HIV/AIDS basics - HIV/AIDS statistics - About HIV treatments - About side effects Global Issues - Intro to global issues - About the epidemic - Prevention technology - Public Health - Community action Int. HIV/AIDS Alliance - About the Alliance - Alliance news - Alliance publications Online publications - Factsheets - Patient Information Series - AIDS Treatment Update AIDS orgs worldwide NAM's bookshop Online Discussions Search aidsmap Links Online Help Who produces aidsmap? Privacy statement Microsporidiosis Updated: Oct 31, 2002 Microsporidiosis is illness caused by recently discovered protozoan parasites called Microsporidia . The most common of the parasites is Enterocytozoon bieneusi , which infects the small intestine and has also been reported as a cause of sinusitis and, possibly, cholangitis (inflammation of the bile ducts in the liver). Other species of

14. Microsporidiosis microsporidiosis. What is it? microsporidiosis is a disease caused by any oneof several microsporidia organisms, mainly Enterocytozoon bieneusi. http://www.aidsmeds.com/OIs/Micro1.htm

Join our confidential mailing list! Enter your email address: LESSONS COOL TOOLS DRUGS FORUMS ... HOME Microsporidiosis What is it? Microsporidiosis is a disease caused by any one of several microsporidia organisms, mainly Enterocytozoon bieneusi . The organism infects the lining of the small intestine and can cause severe diarrhea and malabsorption (an inability to absorb nutrients). Some microsporidia organisms can also cause sinus, eye, and kidney problems. There have also been reports of microsporidiosis of the lungs. It is not at all clear how people become infected with microsporidia. It is often found in feces of humans and animals and can be spread via feces-contaminated food and, quite possible, oral-anal sex ("rimming"). T-cell Microsporidiosis Index What is it? What are the symptoms, and how is it diagnosed? How is it treated or prevented? Are there any experimental treatments? Printable version of this lesson Search for news stories about this topic Last Revised: 3/4/02

15. Microsporidiosis microsporidiosis. How is microsporidiosis treated? Unfortunately, these is nouniversally effective treatment for microsporidiosis. microsporidiosis Index. http://www.aidsmeds.com/OIs/Micro3.htm

Join our confidential mailing list! Enter your email address: LESSONS COOL TOOLS DRUGS FORUMS ... HOME Microsporidiosis How is microsporidiosis treated? Unfortunately, these is no universally effective treatment for microsporidiosis. Many drugs have been studied in clinical trials. Some have been complete failures. Others have been shown to be effective for some but not for others. One of the best treatments for microsporidiosis appears to be antiretroviral drugs used to treat HIV. By treating HIV effectively, it's possible to increase T-cell counts to levels above 200. In many cases, this has proven to work well for many HIV-positive people with microsporidiosis. Unfortunately, microsporidiosis can cause malabsorption and may decrease the level of HIV drugs that reach the bloodstream. There are actually three different approaches that can be taken when treating microsporidiosis: to treat the infection, slow the diarrhea , and correct the weight loss To treat the infection , some antibiotics have been shown to be somewhat effective. One antibiotic

16. Microsporidiosis And HIV microsporidiosis and HIV. microsporidiosis should be considered in AIDS patientswith chronic diarrhea, sinusitis, keratitis, or renal failure. Epidemiology http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite.jsp?doc=kb-05-04-02

17. MedWebPlus Subject Microsporidiosis A free service to help you find health sciences information quickly and easily.microsporidiosis Broader Terms Web Sites A, , GO, AEGIS microsporidiosis. http://www.medwebplus.com/subject/Microsporidiosis

Main About MWP Contribute to MWP Contact Us A service of Flexis, Inc. Welcome to MedWebPlus 2.3! A free service to help you find health sciences information quickly and easily. Microsporidiosis Broader Terms: All Diseases Communicable Diseases Parasitic Diseases Protozoan Infections Web Sites: A GO AEGIS Microsporidiosis A GO AIDS Knowledge Base Microsporidiosis A GO Ask NOAH About: AIDS: Gay Men's Health Crisis: Cryptosporidiosis and Microsporidiosis A GO Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Infectious Diseases. Division of Parasitic Diseases Microsporidia A GO Microsporidiosis [Encephalitozoon cuniculi] [Encephalitozoon hellem] [Encephalitozoon intestinalis (syn. Septata intestinalis)] [Enterocytozoon bieneusi] [Nosema spp.] [Pleistophora sp.] [Trachipleistophora hominis] [Vittaforma corneae (syn. Nosema corneum)] A GO The Body Microsporidiosis Flexis, Inc. Privacy statement Powered by y-Base

18. MedWebPlus Web Site ID 16062 AIDS Knowledge Base microsporidiosis. http//hivinsite.ucsf.edu/akb/1997/06mispor/index.htmlUptime grade A. Usage grade Popularity N/A. http://www.medwebplus.com/obj/16062

Main About MWP Contribute to MWP Contact Us A service of Flexis, Inc. Welcome to MedWebPlus 2.3! A free service to help you find health sciences information quickly and easily. AIDS Knowledge Base Microsporidiosis http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/akb/1997/06mispor/index.html Uptime grade: A Usage grade: Popularity: N/A Location: North America United States California San Francisco Subjects: All Diseases Communicable Diseases Microsporidiosis Parasitic Diseases ... Privacy statement Powered by y-Base

19. Microsporidiosis microsporidiosis source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.The term microsporidia is also used as a general nomenclature http://www.germology.com/microsporidiosis.htm

our network Germology.com Viruses Introduction Encephalitis Meningitis Gastroenteritis Influenza Hantavirus Common Cold HFM Disease Rabies Bacteria Introduction Botulism Pneumonia Lyme Disease E. coli Legionellosis Anthrax Listeriosis Bacterial Toxins Plague Algae Introduction Algal Blooms Protothecosis Headlines Protozoa Giardia Cryptosporidium Malaria Intestinal Amoeba More About Amoeba Microsporidiosis Babesiosis Chagas Disease Fungi Introduction Health Effects Moisture Wood Rot Mycotoxins Litigation Abatement Toxic Mushrooms Investigations Histoplasmosis Real Estate Quick i.d. Features Introduction Germ Wizard Medical Tests Qualifications Allergies Allergy Forecast Bioaerosols Asthma Foodborne Disease Sinusitis Antimicrobials Insect Vectors Drinking Water Disease Table Microbial Control Building Basics Research Glossary Germ News Germ Forum site search Protozoa Home Search About Contact ... germ forum Microsporidiosis source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Enterocytozoon bieneusi Encephalitozoon intestinalis Encephalitozoon hellem Encephalitozoon cuniculi Pleistophora sp.

20. TAG: The OI Report - Microsporidiosis of AIDSRelated Opportunistic Infections (OIs), microsporidiosisby Laura Morrison. MICROBIOLOGY EPIDEMIOLOGY Microsporidia are http://www.aidsinfonyc.org/tag/comp/ois98/15.html

THE OI REPORT: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections (OIs) MICROSPORIDIOSIS by Laura Morrison Microsporidia are small protozoal parasites widely distributed in nature that cause disease in both animals and humans. There are more than 90 known genera of Microsporidia and close to 1000 known species (Manheimmer 1994). Only five genera of Microsporidia are known to occur in man: Encephalitozoon, Septata, Enterocytozoon, Pleistophera and Nosema. It is unclear how people become infected with Microsporidia, although it is speculated that the parasite is transmitted through oral ingestion of feces (e.g., rimming) bearing mature spores (Eeftinck Schattenkerk 1991). Microsporidiosis is mainly seen in those who are immunocompromised and emerged as a significant cause of disease in humans at the beginning of the AIDS epidemic (Canning 1990). There is no definitive data on the prevalence of microsporidiosis in people with AIDS (PWAs), partly because it is difficult to diagnose and also because it is usually not the first AIDS-defining illness seen in HIV-positive patients. Most available prevalence data focus on intestinal microsporidiosis, the most common microsporidial disease in PWAs, though infection of the eye and other organs may occur. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS The most common manifestation of intestinal microsporidiosis in PWAs is profuse, watery, non-bloody diarrhea, sometimes accompanied by abdominal pain and cramping, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. Species of Microsporidia have been tied to disseminated disease, cholangitis (inflammation of the bile ducts), keratoconjunctivitis (inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva), hepatitis, peritonitis (inflammation of the membrane lining the abdomen and internal organs), and infection of the lungs, kidney, liver, muscles, and the brain. Presence of Microsporidia, however, does not always correlate with symptomatic disease.

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