41. Trieste Italy has been deeply involved since the early 1980's in the diagnosis and treatmentof heart failure and particularly in the study of myocardial diseases. http://www.tmr.ox.ac.uk/HHH/AOTS.htm

42. Nature Publishing Group Article PubMed ; Roberts, R. et al. myocardial diseases. Circulation102, 3439 (2000). ISI ; The international SNP map working group. http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nm/journal/v7/n3/full/nm0301_28

43. Cardiovascular Pathology To confuse things, the World Health Organization has a classification of cardiomyopathythat excludes myocardial diseases with known cause, or myocardial http://www.med.ualberta.ca/lmp/000p005p.htm

FOOTNOTE To confuse things, the World Health Organization has a classification of cardiomyopathy that excludes myocardial diseases with known cause, or myocardial diseases that are part of a systemic disorder. Most authors avoid this scheme, because it is too restrictive. Go Back to Previous Page Last Modified:

44. Myo myocardial diseases are infrequently reported in horses. Streptococcusis the most common bacterial cause of myocarditis. Salmonella http://www.gsdhelpline.freeserve.co.uk/myo.htm

The Myocardium The myocardium is affected by a variety of disease processes including the primary muscle disorders such as dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, degenerative and inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and infarction. The myocardium is also sensitive to toxin exposure, including adriamycin, oleander, and fluoroacetate (1080). Myocarditis occurs in all species and may be caused by viral, bacterial, parasitic, and protozoal infection. Canine parvovirus, encephalomyocarditis virus, and equine infectious anemia are viruses with a propensity to cause myocarditis. Myocardial degeneration occurs in lambs, calves, and foals with white muscle disease, and in pigs with mulberry heart disease or hepatosis dietetica. Mineral deficiencies can also result in myocardial degeneration, including iron, selenium, and copper. Dilated Cardiomyopathy This disease is common is large breed dogs, and very rare in small breed dogs (exception being English cocker spaniel). Doberman pinschers, great Danes, German shepherds, and labrador retrievers are particularly at risk. The disease is typically seen in middle-aged dogs, with males affected more than females. Once common in cats, the incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy has dropped dramatically since the 1985 discovery that taurine deficiency was responsible for a majority of cases. Since that time, taurine levels have been increased to acceptable levels in all commercial cat foods. Most cases today are not taurine responsive and reflect a primary (or idiopathic) disease. In cats, there is no breed predilection for dilated cardiomyopathy.

45. Internet Medical Education, Inc. Home Page New reviews in cardiac electrophysiology in the area of ventricular tachyarrhythmias after myocardial infarction. http://www.med-edu.com

Internet Medical Education Information for health care providers and for patients about diseases of the heart and the circulatory system Internet Medical Education, Inc. Home Page Our Privacy Pledge As a benefit, we have included access to an on-line medical bookstore and to various search engines. Buying books and searching here help support our site . Please let us know how you like these services. Find this: News The Web W elcome to the General Education Site for Cardiovascular Diseases, a public service of Internet Medical Education, Inc. Please choose the highlighted menu item that best meets your needs. Be sure to send us mail to let us know what you think. Thanks and enjoy. We have materials oriented toward different audiences. Please browse in any category you like. We have a patient glossary and a health care provider glossary . Please let us know if you have comments or questions about the glossaries. Physicians and other health care providers reviews, quizzes, and an expert system for the 12-lead ECG and for cardiac rhythm analysis. Patients, Family, and Concerned Laymen

46. LookSmart - Heart Diseases Support Group Find a bulletin board where sufferers of heart diseases and conditionscan Useful guide to having a myocardial infarction, or heart attack. http://www.looksmart.com/eus317837/eus317920/eus53948/eus67314/eus71893/r?l&

47. NEJM: Articles On Cardiovascular Diseases -- Myocardial Infarction, Syncope, And The Cardiovascular diseases collection covers topics such as atherogenic vasculardisease, myocardial infarction, syncope, and aneurysms and includes research http://content.nejm.org/cgi/collection/cardiovascular_diseases

HOME SEARCH CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES ... HELP Cardiovascular Diseases The Cardiovascular Diseases collection covers topics such as atherogenic vascular disease, myocardial infarction, syncope, and aneurysms and includes research articles, case reports, reviews, and editorial commentary. Collections Home Related CME Exams Also see: Cardiomyopathy/Myocarditis Coronary Disease Hypertension Arrhythmias ... Heart Failure Related Chapters in Harrison's: Ch. 224: Approach to the Patient with Heart Disease 1-20 (of 176 results) Show: All articles Original Articles Review Articles Special Articles Editorials Clinical Implications of Basic Research Clinical Practice Clinical Problem-Solving Health Policy Reports Legal Issues in Medicine Molecular Medicine Occasional Notes Perspective Sounding Board Special Reports Most recent content (20 Mar 2003): Current Concepts: Preventing Complications of Central Venous Catheterization McGee D. C., Gould M. K. Full Text N Engl J Med 2003; 348:1123-1133, Mar 20, 2003. Review Articles Earlier content (since Jan 1996): Factors Associated with the Development of Peanut Allergy in Childhood Lack G., Fox D., Northstone K., Golding J., the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children Study Team

48. Chapter 4: Myocardial Infarction - Cardiovascular Diseases Team Leader Dr David Fone, Date of completion 30.9.98. 4 myocardial infarction Themanagement of acute myocardial infarction. British Cardiac Society, 1996. http://hebw.uwcm.ac.uk/cardio/chapter4.html

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES Team Leader: Dr David Fone Date of completion: 4: Myocardial infarction This bulletin is a supplement to, not a substitute for, professional skills and experience. Users are advised to consult the supporting evidence for a consideration of all the implications of a recommendation. The Statements The Evidence 4.1 Clinical guidelines Acute myocardial infarction characteristically presents with an acute onset of severe chest pain at rest i . Clinical guidelines and audit standards for the management of acute myocardial infarction are available from the British Cardiac Society i , the American Heart Association ii and European Society of Cardiology iii (Health gain notation - 1 "beneficial" i. de Bono DP, Hopkins A, for a working party of the joint audit committee of the British Cardiac Society and the Royal College of Physicians of London. The management of acute myocardial infarction . British Cardiac Society, 1996. http://www.cardiac.org.uk/ (Type V evidence - expert opinion) ii.

49. Subject Index - Cardiovascular Diseases CARDIOVASCULAR diseases. Health Evidence Bulletins Wales (logo). SUBJECT INDEXA, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L. Amiodarone. for myocardial infarction. Angina,stable. http://hebw.uwcm.ac.uk/cardio/subjndex.html

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES SUBJECT INDEX A B C D ... I J K L M N O ... P Q R S T U ... W X Y Z A Abciximab therapy, for patients with unstable angina undergoing PTCA Abdominal aortic aneurysm aortic grafts beta-blockade to reduce rate of aortic dilatation ... Angina, stable antiplatelet therapy in secondary prevention post-CABG post-PTCA and post-CABG coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in symptom relief versus PTCA drug therapy ECG and exercise testing ... Top percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in symptom relief with elective stenting radionucleide imaging secondary prevention ... smoking Angina, unstable See Unstable angina Angioplasty for carotid stenosis for peripheral vascular disease for intermittent claudication guidelines Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for heart failure for myocardial infarction Ankle brachial pressure index Anticoagulation cardioversion for atrial fibrillation following, in heart failure for atrial fibrillation for heart failure for stroke ... Top Antiplatelet therapy See also aspirin for acute myocardial infarction for peripheral vascular disease for previous myocardial infarction ... prophylactic, for deep vein thrombosis

50. Cardiac-Disease.net: Information On The Diseases Of The Heart And Heart Valves myocardial infarction is the most common cause of left heart failure but it canalso be caused by hypertension, aortic insufficiency or cardiomyopathy. http://www.cardiac-disease.net/

Healthcare professionals and scientists have carefully prepared this ALtruis Biomedical Network-affiliated site, intended for informational purposes only Partners: Cardiogenic Shock Cardiomyopathy Coronary Artery Disease Ischemia ... Congestive Heart Failure What affects one side of the heart eventually will effect both sides as the heart and lungs are interconnected systems. Left side failure occurs when left ventricular output is less than the volume of blood received from the right side of the heart via the pulmonary circulation. Congestion in the pulmonary circuit ensues and the systemic blood pressure falls. Myocardial infarction is the most common cause of left heart failure but it can also be caused by hypertension aortic insufficiency or cardiomyopathy Right heart failure, similarly, occurs when the right ventricle cannot pump the volume of blood returned to it. The resulting congestion of the systemic venous system and decreased output to the lungs causes venous distention, swelling of distensible organs to produce hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and peripheral edema. In addition, many of the effects of left heart failure are seen because of the inadequate return from the lungs and output of the left ventricle. The causes of right heart failure are left heart failure

51. Myocardial And Pericardial Diseases myocardial and Pericardial diseases WG 21. Number of members 18 8 Nucleus.Chairman Dr E. Arbustini, FESC, Director Area, Trapiantologica http://www.escardio.org/society/wg/wg21.htm

Working Groups List of Working Groups in alphabetical order Acute Cardiac Care - WG 27 Arrhythmias - WG 8 Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology - WG 11 Cardiac Pacing - WG 9 Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology - WG 1 Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance - WG 26 Cardiovascular Nursing - WG 24 Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Drug Therapy - WG 3 Cardiovascular Surgery - WG 25 Cellular Biology of the Heart - WG 2 Computers in Cardiology - WG 15 Developmental Anatomy and Pathology - WG 17 Echocardiography - WG 7 Epidemiology and Prevention - WG 13 Grown-up Congenital Heart Disease - WG 22 Heart Failure - WG 19 Hypertension and the Heart - WG 20 Microcirculation - WG 6 Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases - WG 21 Myocardial Function - WG 4 Nuclear Cardiology - WG 5 Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis - WG 23 Peripheral Circulation - WG 16 Pulmonary Circulation and Right Ventricular Function - WG 12 Thrombosis - WG 18 Valvular Heart Disease - WG 14 Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases - WG 21 Number of members: 18 Nucleus Chairman: Dr E. Arbustini, F.E.S.C., Director Area

52. Untitled Document myocardial PERICARDIAL diseases, AND CARDIAC TUMORS. http://www.uvm.edu/~jkessler/CV/CVEL/CVmyoper.htm

CATS Home About CATS CATS Teaching Modules Course Outline ... IV. CARDIOMYOPATHY (HOCM, COCM, Amyloid) KEY WORDS: Myocarditis (infective, toxic, hypersensitivity), cardiomyopathy (hypertrophic, congestive, restrictive), alcoholic cardiomyopathy, cardiac amyloidosis, pericarditis (constrictive, fibrinous, suppurative, tumor, uremic), pericardial effusion. OBJECTIVES: You should be able to: Define or differentiate the key words. List four possible etiologies for myocarditis. Which is the most common in the U.S.? List the major causes of pericarditis. Of hemopericardium. Explain the mechanism of death in cardiac tamponade. Your patient has an enlarged heart by chest x-ray and an electrocardiogram shows evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy. What are the five general categories of heart disease which might give this picture? Which are common? Which are uncommon? What simple examinations or maneuvers could you make clinically to narrow the differential diagnosis? Would the age of the patient make a difference? Why are mural thrombi a feature of congestive cardiomyopathy, mitral stenosis, ventricular aneurysm, and abdominal aortic aneurysm?

53. Diseases And Conditions -- Discovery Health -- Myocardial Contusion myocardial contusion By Eric Berlin, MD Images (click to view larger image) Bruiseof the heart muscle. myocardial contusion refers to a bruising of the heart. http://health.discovery.com/diseasesandcond/encyclopedia/45.html

myocardial contusion By Eric Berlin, MD Images (click to view larger image) Myocardial contusion refers to a bruising of the heart. It is usually due to an injury to the chest wall. What is going on in the body? Injuries to the chest wall can be placed into two general groups. Penetrating injuries are wounds in which the chest cavity is pierced. Two examples are knife stabbings and gunshot wounds. Nonpenetrating injuries involve crush injuries , or compression of the chest. This type of injury is often a result of motor vehicle accidents or explosions. Alone or in combination, these forces can cause a myocardial contusion. A myocardial contusion may have the following effects: bleeding into the membrane that surrounds the heart, which can cause cardiac tamponade bleeding within the heart muscle conduction problems, or an abnormality in the transmission of the electrical impulses that control the heartbeat congestive heart failure , a condition in which the heart's decreased pumping ability causes fluid to back up into the lungs damage to heart valves death of areas of heart muscle rupture of the heart chamber walls and nearby structures weakening of the heart muscle What are the signs and symptoms of the condition?

54. Cardiovascular Diseases - Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction) Heart Attack (myocardial Infarction) What is a heart attack (myocardialinfarction or MI)? A heart attack, or myocardial infarction http://www.viahealth.org/disease/cardiac/attack.htm

ViaHealth Disease and Wellness Information Heart Health ViaHealth's Heart Health Services Support Groups Cardiac Surgery Patient Guide Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction) What is a heart attack (myocardial infarction or MI)? A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, occurs when one of more regions of the heart muscle experience a severe or prolonged decrease in oxygen supply caused by blocked blood flow to the heart muscle. The blockage is often a result of atherosclerosis a buildup of plaque, known as cholesterol, and other fatty substances. Plaque inhibits and obstructs the flow of blood and oxygen to the heart, thus reducing the flow to the rest of the body. If the blood and oxygen supply is cut off severely or for a long period of time, muscle cells of the heart suffer severe and devastating damage and die. The result is damage or death to the area of the heart that became affected by reduced blood supply. What are the risk factors for heart attack? There are two types of risk factors for heart attack, including:

55. Cardiovascular Diseases - Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction) Heart Attack (myocardial Infarction) What is a heart attack (myocardialinfarction or MI)? A heart attack, or myocardial infarction http://www.nyp.org/health/cd_rom_content/adult/cardiac/attack.htm

Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction) What is a heart attack (myocardial infarction or MI)? A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, occurs when one of more regions of the heart muscle experience a severe or prolonged decrease in oxygen supply caused by blocked blood flow to the heart muscle. The blockage is often a result of atherosclerosis - a buildup of plaque, known as cholesterol, and other fatty substances. Plaque inhibits and obstructs the flow of blood and oxygen to the heart, thus reducing the flow to the rest of the body. If the blood and oxygen supply is cut off severely or for a long period of time, muscle cells of the heart suffer severe and devastating damage and die. The result is damage or death to the area of the heart that became affected by reduced blood supply. What are the risk factors for heart attack? There are two types of risk factors for heart attack, including: Inherited (or genetic): Acquired: these are risk factors you are born with that cannot be changed, but can be improved with medical management and lifestyle changes

56. OHSU Health.com - Cardiovascular Diseases Conditions and diseases, Stroke (Brain Attack) Echocardiogram Preventing CardiovascularDisease Glossary Online Resources, Heart Attack (myocardial Infarction). http://www.ohsuhealth.com/cardiac/attack.asp?sub=1

57. BUMC MEDLINE Plus/Ovid Tutorial Heart Neoplasms, 1793, Heart Rupture, 152, Heart Valve diseases, 2193, myocardialdiseases, 2600, myocardial Ischemia, 9168, Pericardial Effusion, 988, Pericarditis,561, http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/ovidtutorial/subpages/heartdiseasesexplode1.htm

BUMC MEDLINE Plus/OVID Tutorial Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library Tutorial Menu Options Tutorial Home Instructions for Using this Tutorial Developing Your Search Strategy Formulating Your Question ... Tutorial Evaluation Additional Tutorial Topics Explaining OVID's Main Menu Icons Searching for a Specific Author Searching for Title Words Searching for Journal Names For More Information... You will exit this tutorial when you click on the links below: Searching for Evidence in the Primary Medical Literature Tutorial Alumni Medical Library Web Site More Information about BUMC MEDLINE Plus/OVID Direct-entry Commands for BUMC MEDLINE Plus: enable users to bypass menu options OVID Documentation (in PDF, Adobe Acrobat required) Tree This is the Tree Display. It first shows generic MeSH categories. When you click on CONTEXTS and scroll down the screen, you will see the tree for your term, in this case, heart diseases Tree for Heart Diseases Database: MEDLINE Scroll down for highlighted search term.

58. Diseases Of Myocardium diseases of Myocardium. Diagnosis, G/M, Organ, Caption. Infarct_Acute, M, Myocardium,Healing Myocaridial Infarct. Infarct_Acute, G, Myocardium, Acute myocardial Infarct. http://radiology.uchc.edu/eAtlas/nav/msMyocar.htm

Diseases of Myocardium Diagnosis G/M Organ Caption Bundle of His M Myocardium Bundle of His Normal G Myocardium Normal Heart Normal G Myocardium Normal Normal M Myocardium Normal Cardiac Muscle Normal M Myocardium Normal Cardiac Muscle Normal M Myocardium Normal Cardiac Muscle Atrial Septal Defect G Myocardium Cribiform Atrial Septal Defect Atrial Septal Defect G Myocardium Cribiform Atrial Septal Defect Abscess G Myocardium Abscess Fibrosis G Myocardium Subendocardial Fibrosis Myocarditis G Myocardium Myocarditis Infarct G Myocardium Healed anteroseptal myocardial infarct with mural thrombus Infarct G Myocardium Subendocardial Posteroseptal Myocardial Infarct Infarct G Myocardium Acute Myocardial Infarct Infarct G Myocardium Acute Myocardial Infarct Infarct G Myocardium Acute Myocardial Infarct with Rupture Infarct G Myocardium Acute Myocardial Infarct with Rupture Infarct G Myocardium Organizing Myocardial Infarct Infarct G Myocardium Old and Acute Myocardial Infarcts Infarct G Myocardium Old and Acute Myocardial Infarcts Infarct G Myocardium acute myocardial infarcts Infarct G Myocardium Acute Myocardial Infarct Infarct G Myocardium Acute Myocardial Infarct Infarct G Myocardium Acute Myocardial Infarct Infarct G Myocardium Healed Myocardial Infarct Infarct G Myocardium Acute Posterior-Septal Myocardial Infarct Infarct G Myocardium Old and Acute Myocardial Infarcts Infarct G Myocardium Myocardial Infarct with Rupture

59. Diseases Begining With I Infarct_Acute, G, Myocardium, Acute myocardial Infarct. Infarct_Acute, G, Myocardium,Acute myocardial Infarct. Infarct_Acute, G, Myocardium, acute myocardial infarcts. http://radiology.uchc.edu/eatlas/nav/aitui.htm

-I - Diagnosis G/M Organ Caption Infarct Myocardium Healed anteroseptal myocardial infarct with mural thrombus Infarct Myocardium Subendocardial Posteroseptal Myocardial Infarct Infarct Myocardium Acute Myocardial Infarct Infarct Myocardium Acute Myocardial Infarct Infarct Myocardium Acute Myocardial Infarct with Rupture Infarct Myocardium Acute Myocardial Infarct with Rupture Infarct Myocardium Organizing Myocardial Infarct Infarct Myocardium Old and Acute Myocardial Infarcts Infarct Myocardium Old and Acute Myocardial Infarcts Infarct Myocardium acute myocardial infarcts Infarct Myocardium Acute Myocardial Infarct Infarct Myocardium Acute Myocardial Infarct Infarct Myocardium Acute Myocardial Infarct Infarct Myocardium Healed Myocardial Infarct Infarct Myocardium Acute Posterior-Septal Myocardial Infarct Infarct Myocardium Old and Acute Myocardial Infarcts Infarct Myocardium Myocardial Infarct with Rupture Infarct Myocardium Myocardial Infarct with Rupture Infarct Myocardium Myocardial Infarct with Rupture Infarct Myocardium Acute myocaridial Infarct Infarct Myocardium Acute myocaridial Infarct Infarct Myocardium Healing Myocaridial Infarct Infarct Myocardium Healing Myocaridial Infarct Infarct Myocardium Healing Myocaridial Infarct Infarct Myocardium Healed Myocardial Infarct Infarct Myocardium Healed Myocardial Infarct Infarct Small Intestine Hemorrhagic intestinal infarction Infarct Small Intestine Hemorrhagic Infarction with peritonitis Infarct Small Intestine

60. Myocardial Infarction Information Page Diseases Database myocardial infarction Information Page. myocardial infarction aka/or Coronaryartery thrombosis aka/or Heart attack aka/or MI aka/or myocardial infarct http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/sieve/item1.asp?glngUserChoice=8664

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