21. AFM Téléthon Isère L'association fran§aise contre les myopathies en Is¨re, un site pour ceux qui sont concern©s ou int©ress©s par les maladies g©n©tiques et neuromusculaires, la myopathie, le handicap et le T©l©thon. http://members.aol.com/delegation38/telethon.html

Accueil AFM Isère Le Téléthon Informations Index Des chiffres Faire un don Forum et messages chanson du Téléthon 2002 musique du Téléthon Le Téléthon d'autres pays 16ème Téléthon » les 6 et 7 décembre 2002 LA NOUVELLE FRONTIÈRE Des espoirs nouveaux pour faire reculer la maladie Le Téléthon 2002 lancera un nouvel appel : ensemble pour faire reculer la maladie Avec France 2 et France Télévisions, le groupe Radio France et notamment France Inter, France lnfo, France BLEU et Le Mouv', l'AFM veut étendre les premiers grands succès thérapeutiques enregistrés dans la lutte contre les maladies génétiques. Parce que la vie est une urgence, l'AFM veut multiplier les résultats, traiter plus de maladies, soigner plus de malades. Parce que la maladie n'attend pas ! Le 16ème Téléthon marquera la fin de la Grande Tentative, un ambitieux programme de collaborations nationales et internationales destiné à la mise au point des techniques de thérapie génique. Lancé par l'AFM en 1998 pour cinq ans, il a dépassé ses ambitions premières en obtenant des résultats sans précédent pour des maladies héréditaires graves (bébés-bulles, maladie de Huntington). Plus largement, c'est tout un ensemble de nouvelles voies thérapeutiques, les génothérapies (thérapie génique, thérapie cellulaire, cellules souches), qui ont émergé ces dernières années.

22. Myopathies Translate this page myopathies. myopathies Patho sans localisation,. Ortholight / Orthonav- Patrick Denier - Cree le 8/3/96 - Modifie le 18/12/96 http://www.med.univ-rennes1.fr/noment/meary/o4_groupes_430.html

Myopathies Myopathies Patho sans localisation [O r t h o l i g h t / O r t h o n a v] [P a t r i c k D e n i e r] - Cree le 8/3/96 - Modifie le 18/12/96 Attention ce serveur est destine aux medecins pour l'aide au codage en Chirurgie Orthopedique Pas d'information ou de reponse fournies en dehors de cette utilisation

23. Toxic Myopathies TOXIC myopathies. Classification of Toxic myopathies. Focal Fibrosingmyopathies 3 Caused by injections of drugs Meperidine; Pentazocine; http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/mother/myotox.htm

Front Search Index Links ... Patient Info TOXIC MYOPATHIES Amphiphilic drug myopathies Focal fibrosing myopathies Hypokalemic myopathies Mitochondrial ... Myotonic syndromes NMJ disorders Myasthenic syndromes: Drug-related Overactivity syndromes Rhabdomyolysis Toxic myopathies: Classification ... Zidovudine Classification of Toxic Myopathies Mitochondrial AZT Germanium Myosin Deficiency Myopathies : Associated with Corticosteroids Non-depolarizing blocking agents: Vecuronium; Atracuronium Rhabdomyolysis syndromes Ethanol Heroin; Cocaine; Toluene Snake Venoms Cholesterol-lowering-agent myopathy Cyclosporine Hypokalemic myopathies Muscle overactivity syndromes Neural CNS overactivity: Phencyclidine; Amphetamine; Cicutoxin Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: Lithium; Haloperidol; Phenothiazines Combinations are especially likely to produce myopathy Motor neuron hyperactivity: Tetanus Strychnine Myotonia Inducing Exacerbating Agonist-induced myopathy: Organophosphates Amphiphilic Drug Myopathies Necrotizing Vacuolar Anti-microtubule drugs: Especially colchicine Chlorphenoxy herbicides Cyclosporine Emetine ... Inflammatory myopathies D-penicillamine 1,1'-Ethylidinebis[tryptophan]:

24. Inflammatory Myopathy Inflammatory and Immune myopathies. Erythema Gottron's papules Nailfold lesionsFrom Chinju, South Korea. GENERAL FEATURES OF INFLAMMATORY myopathies. http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/antibody/infmyop.htm

Front Search Index Links ... Patient Info Inflammatory and Immune Myopathies GENERAL FEATURES Antibodies CK: Serum Electrodiagnostic ... Calcinosis : X-rays Chondroitin sulfate C deficient Dermatomyositis Fasciitis Focal myositis ... Signal recognition particle Vasculitis: Small Large vessel SPECIFIC IMMUNE OR INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES Polymyositis syndromes General aspects Classification Comparative features Collagen vascular disease Complement ... Quadriceps ; Other TRAPS Granulomatous Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis Hereditary ... Multinodular polymyositis Necrotizing with Encephalopathy Paraneoplastic with Pipestem capillaries SRP antibodies ... MHC class I upregulation Skin lesions Erythema Gottron's papules Nailfold lesions From: Chinju, South Korea GENERAL FEATURES OF INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES Antibodies CK: Serum Electrodiagnostic Neoplasm associations ... Weakness Skin lesions Heliotrope rash Distribution Symmetric Disease association: Dermatomyositis External links Facial rash Gottron's sign Red-purple keratotic, atrophic erythema, or macules Disease association: Dermatomyositis External link: Gottron's sign Erythema Red-purple slightly raised On extensor surfaces of elbows or knees Disease association: Dermatomyositis Mechanic's hands Raised scaly dry On extensor surfaces of finger joints Disease association: Nailfold lesions Disease association: Dermatomyositis - Anti-Mi-2 antibody positive Other features Rash more commonly pruritic than rash with lupus erythematosis Skin lesions often photoaggravated Weakness Proximal: Most Dermatomyositis Polymyositis Distal:

25. Muscular Dystrophies/Myopathies Muscular Dystrophies and myopathies. myopathies are diseases of themuscles. They can be caused by an inherited genetic abnormality http://ucneurology.uchicago.edu/Neurological_Disorders/NeuroMuscular/Muscular_Dy

Muscular Dystrophies and Myopathies Myopathies are diseases of the muscles. They can be caused by an inherited genetic abnormality (as in muscular dystrophy) or an abnormality of the immune system (such as polymyositis). These disorders can develop at any time from birth through adulthood. University of Chicago neurologists have expertise in treating many different muscle diseases. There are many types of muscular dystrophy (MD). These diseases are classified according to the muscle groups involved and the age of onset. Some of these muscular dystrophies result in premature death; others may allow the person to live for decades with varying degrees of disability. Symptoms Muscular dystrophy is characterized by muscle weakness in various parts of the body, depending on the type of MD or myopathy. Muscle weakness progresses (worsens) over time. Initial symptoms usually develop gradually. Diagnosis Diagnosis is based on a comprehensive physical examination and sophisticated diagnostic tests. The effectiveness of therapy depends upon accurate diagnosis of the precise type of MD, so physicians here may use advanced diagnostic techniques such as genetic analysis and biopsy of muscle or nerve tissue to pinpoint the type of neuromuscular disease or myopathy. The state-of-the-art neurophysiology lab at the University of Chicago Hospitals provides a full array of diagnostic tests including electrodiagnostic studies. Treatment Adult patients receive care in a multidisciplinary clinic which is sponsored by the

26. Inflammatory Myopathies org/ . We wish them well! About Inflammatory myopathies. Table of Contentsof This Page. What are Inflammatory myopathies? Inflammatory http://132.230.36.11/neuromirror/ibm.html

We formerly hosted pages from the Myositis Association of America http://www.myositis.org/ About Inflammatory Myopathies Table of Contents of This Page What are Inflammatory Myopathies? Dermatomyositis Polymyositis Inclusion Body Myositis ... Juvenile Myositis What are Inflammatory Myopathies? Inflammatory myopathies are a group of muscle diseases involving the inflammation and degeneration of skeletal muscle tissues. They are thought to be autoimmune disorders. In inflammatory myopathies, inflammatory cells surround, invade, and destroy normal muscle fibers as though they were defective or foreign to the body. This eventually results in discernible muscle weakness. This muscle weakness is usually symmetrical and develops slowly over weeks to months or even years. The inflammatory myopathies include dermatomyositis polymyositis , and inclusion body myositis . Although all of these diseases result in muscle weakness, each is unique in its development and treatment. Early signs of inflammatory myopathies may include difficulty rising from a chair, climbing stairs, or lifting the arms. A patient may become exceedingly fatigued after prolonged standing or walking. In some cases, early signs may include difficulty in swallowing or breathing. Your physician may run a number of tests, including a physical examination, blood tests, electromyography (EMG) and a muscle biopsy. The diagnosis is confirmed by the muscle biopsy using special stains. Electron microscopy of the muscle may be necessary. If a polymyositis patient does not respond to treatment it is important that he/she see a specialist to rule out IBM. At times a repeat muscle biopsy may be necessary.

27. FACT SHEET Back to ACR Fact Sheets. myopathies. WHAT ARE myopathies? Autoimmune THERHEUMATOLOGIST’S ROLE IN TREATING myopathies. Rheumatologists http://www.rheumatology.org/patients/factsheet/myopathi.html

Back to ACR Fact Sheets Myopathies WHAT ARE MYOPATHIES? Autoimmune myopathies are a group of diseases that involve inflammation of the muscles and may be associated with diseases of internal organs. Diseases affecting muscles include polymyositis, dermatomyositis and inclusion body myositis. The main symptom is muscle weakness in the upper arms, upper legs and neck, muscle pain, fatigue, joint pain and swelling, rashes over the face and knuckles, fevers, swallowing difficulty and shortness of breath. CAUSE The cause of myopathies is unknown, but environmental factors (such as viral infections) and genetic predisposition are felt to be important in some cases. HEALTH IMPACT Only about 1 new case per 100,000 is diagnosed each year. Myopathies occur two to three times more frequently in women than men. Severity of disease varies from a mild form with almost no symptoms to a severe, life-threatening disease. DIAGNOSIS Diagnosis is attained through a history and physical exam, certain laboratory tests, muscle biopsy and electromyography (a study of the electrical activity of muscle). Other diseases or conditions such as hypothyroidism, toxin exposure, drug reactions and genetic disorders may also affect muscles and need to be ruled out. TREATMENT These complex diseases can involve many body organs and, while not curable, many of the symptoms can be treated effectively with patient education, physical and occupational therapy, and medications. Medications may include corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs (drugs that keep the immune system from attacking its own body), such as methotrexate and azathioprine.

28. Mitochondrial Myopathies mitochondrial myopathies. Name EMail Subject Re mitochondrial myopathies. Comments I am a massage therapist who has a client with the above condition. http://www.melas.org/wwwboard/messages/40.html

mitochondrial myopathies Follow Ups Post Followup The Jackson Family's Webboard (Mitochondrial-Related) FAQ Posted By Anne Walker-Ellis on June 24, 1999 at 07:59:56: I am a massage therapist who has a client with the above condition. Does anyone have any information, treatments, studies etc that I can peruse and hopefully utilise to assist my elderly client? She had a biopsy which was abnormal with 'ragged red' fibres. How effective is Q10 as a supplement? I would really appreciate any help as I am at a loss as how to best help this lovely client. Follow Ups Post Followup Name: E-Mail: Subject: Re: mitochondrial myopathies Comments: : I am a massage therapist who has a client with the above condition. Does anyone have any information, treatments, studies etc that I can peruse and hopefully utilise to assist my elderly client? She had a biopsy which was abnormal with 'ragged red' fibres. How effective is Q10 as a supplement? : I would really appreciate any help as I am at a loss as how to best help this lovely client. Optional Link URL: Link Title: Optional Image URL: Follow Ups Post Followup The Jackson Family's Webboard (Mitochondrial-Related) FAQ

29. The Beggs Lab - The Congenital Myopathies Information for Patients and their Families The myopathies. Therefore,it is thought that the congenital myopathies are genetic. http://web1.tch.harvard.edu/research/beggs/tcm.html

Information for Patients and their Families: The Myopathies More on this site: The Myopathies Muscle Anatomy and Genetics Diseases Participating in Research Ways to Help ... Frequently Asked Questions Overview. The "myopathies" is the name given to a group of neuromuscular disorders that affect skeletal muscle , causing generalized muscular weakness among other symptoms. Literally, the word myopathy means "disease of the muscle" (myo=muscle; Gr. pathos=disease). Other types of myopathies are the inflammatory myopathies, the channelopathies, the metabolic myopathies, the mitochondrial myopathies, the dystrophic myopathies, and the non-dystrophic myopathies. Although all these myopathies affect skeletal muscle, the mechanisms that cause disease are different in each type. In the Beggs laboratory, we focus on a group of non-dystrophic myopathies , known as the congenital myopathies because they are often present from birth. Individuals who have a congenital myopathy often have slowly or non-progressive muscular disorders characterized by hypotonia (low muscle tone) and muscle weakness. Sometimes, there are multiple affected family members within a family. Therefore, it is thought that the congenital myopathies are

30. The Beggs Lab - Congenital Myopathies With Non-specific Findings Learn about the research on genetics congenital myopathies with nonspecificfindings. Diseases Congenital myopathies with Non-Specific Findings. http://web1.tch.harvard.edu/research/beggs/cm.html

Diseases: Congenital Myopathies with Non-Specific Findings Congenital Fiber Type Disproportion Multicore/Minicore Myopathy Myotubular Myopathy Nemaline Myopathy More on this site: The Myopathies Muscle Anatomy and Genetics Participating in Research Ways to Help ... Frequently Asked Questions The congenital myopathies are rare disorders that result in muscle weakness of variable severity. Some patients are affected from birth, while others may develop symptoms in childhood or adulthood. Although patients with some types may not survive past the first few years of life, others may walk independently through adulthood and have families of their own. The diagnosis of congenital myopathies is usually made from a muscle biopsy. Sometimes, specific muscle changes such as rods or tubules are found in these biopsies. However, on occasions, the muscle biopsy of a patient with a congenital myopathy does not reveal specific changes that would help to establish a diagnosis. Our laboratory is interested in studying DNA and muscle biopsy samples of these patients since it would provide insight into the genetic cause of their muscular condition. Identification of these genes could have direct clinical benefit to patients and their families by allowing for specific diagnostic testing such as carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis for those who wish. Furthermore, understanding the genetic cause (s) of congenital myopathies will increase our understanding of muscle biology and provide insights into future development of specific treatments and therapies.

31. LES MYOPATHIES Translate this page LES myopathies. Dr Philippe Petiot. Service myopathies distales ellesconcernent plus souvent les membres inférieurs. - myopathies http://cri-cirs-wnts.univ-lyon1.fr/Polycopies/Neurologie/Neurologie-7.html

32. MedWebPlus Subject Mitochondrial Myopathies Welcome to MedWebPlus 2.3! A free service to help you find health sciences informationquickly and easily. Mitochondrial myopathies Related Terms http://www.medwebplus.com/subject/Mitochondrial_Myopathies

Main About MWP Contribute to MWP Contact Us A service of Flexis, Inc. Welcome to MedWebPlus 2.3! A free service to help you find health sciences information quickly and easily. Mitochondrial Myopathies Related Terms: Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic Myofascial Pain Syndromes Polymyalgia Rheumatica Fibromyalgia ... Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome Focussed Subsets: Enzymology Metabolism, Inborn Errors Periodicals Hereditary Diseases ... therapy Web Sites: A GO Mitochondria Interest Group (MIG): an interinstitute Interest Group at the National Institutes of Health A GO Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disorders: a Primary Care Physician's Guide (reprinted from a 1997 special supplement to Exceptional parent magazine) (Arobat pdf files) A GO Muscular Dystrophy Association Ask the Experts MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHY (MITO) A GO Sprial notebook : short takes on carnitine palmitoyl transferase deficiency (edited by Barbara Seaman) A GO United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation (UMDF) A GO University of California San Diego Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center A GO Washington University School of Medicine Neuromuscular Disease Center Mitochondrial Disorders Flexis, Inc.

33. MedWebPlus Subject Periodicals Mitochondrial Myopathies MedWebPlus A service of Flexis, Inc. ADVERTISEMENT click here - ADVERTISEMENT- click here - ADVERTISEMENT advertisement ADVERTISEMENT http://www.medwebplus.com/subject/Periodicals/Mitochondrial_Myopathies

Main About MWP Contribute to MWP Contact Us A service of Flexis, Inc. Welcome to MedWebPlus 2.3! A free service to help you find health sciences information quickly and easily. Periodicals Mitochondrial Myopathies Related Terms: Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic Myofascial Pain Syndromes Polymyalgia Rheumatica Fibromyalgia ... Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome Focussed Subsets: Enzymology Hereditary Diseases Metabolism, Inborn Errors Organizations ... therapy Web Sites: A GO Sprial notebook : short takes on carnitine palmitoyl transferase deficiency (edited by Barbara Seaman) Flexis, Inc. Privacy statement Powered by y-Base

34. Muscular Dystrophy Campaign Ocular Myopathies Ocular myopathies. Published June 1995. It has been recognised formany years that some patients with muscle disease have particular http://www.muscular-dystrophy.org/information/KeyFacts/oc1.html

@import "../../css/cssstyle.css"; Receive copies of our quarterly magazine Get your message to over 30,000 readers by advertising in Target MD magazine. Call for details: David N Russell Ocular Myopathies June 2000 Written by Dr D.Hilton-Jones, Consultant Neurologist, Oxford for the Muscular Dystrophy Campaign It has been recognised for many years that some patients with muscle disease have particular problems with the muscles around the eyes, although other parts of the body can also be involved. Whilst research is continuing, it appears that most of these patients have either oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) or mitochondrial chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO). The main features of these disorders are discussed below. Some of the symptoms and signs are common to both disorders. Medical terms frequently used include: ptosis, external ophthalmoplegia, diplopia and dysphagia. Ptosis - this describes drooping of the eyelids due to weakness of the muscle that normally lifts up the eyelid. External ophthalmoplegia - this means weakness and restriction of muscle movement around the eye (external to the eye). It shows as slowness and incomplete range of movement of the eyes, and includes the eyelid muscle weakness that causes ptosis. These problems typically progress very slowly, hence the term 'chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia'.

35. Muscular Dystrophy Campaign Congenital Myopathies Central Core Myopathy Congenital myopathies Central core myopathy. The congenital myopathies area group of conditions causing weakness and wasting of the muscles. http://www.muscular-dystrophy.org/information/KeyFacts/cen1.html

@import "../../css/cssstyle.css"; Receive copies of our quarterly magazine Get your message to over 30,000 readers by advertising in Target MD magazine. Call for details: David N Russell site map Congenital Myopathies Central core myopathy May 2002 Written by Dr Paola Nicolaides, Consultant Paediatric Neurologist for the Muscular Dystrophy Campaign. What is a myopathy? The term myopathy is derived from the Greek and it means muscle disorder. The congenital myopathies are a group of conditions causing weakness and wasting of the muscles. In general symptoms are present at birth but may not be recognised until later on in childhood or even in adult life. What is a congenital myopathy? The name 'central core' was initially given in 1958 and refers to the abnormal central part of th affected muscle fibre which is occupied by one or several "cores" or abnormal areas, running along its length. How does the disease present? Central core myopathy usually present with delay in walking or with mild muscle weakness. Central core disease is often associated with muscle contractures and bony defects such as congenital dislocation of the hips, spinal curvature and high arched feet. In rare cases newborn babies may present with hypotonia (floppiness), swallowing and breathing difficulties, facial weakness or with dislocation of the hip and foot deformities. Later on, the child may show delayed motor development (crawling, standing and walking) and continue to show either non-progressive or slowly progressive muscle weakness, affecting the facial muscles and the "proximal" musculature (muscles near the trunk, such as shoulders and thigh muscles).

36. Mitochondrial Myopathies Mitochondrial myopathies up. http://omni.ac.uk/browse/mesh/detail/C0162670L0189799.html

Mitochondrial Myopathies [up] Related topics: broader Muscular Diseases other Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic Fibromyalgia Polymyalgia Rheumatica Tendinitis ... Children's Mitochondrial Disease Network The Children’s Mitochondrial Disease Network is a UK based charity specializing in the complexities of mitochondrial and associated disorders. Information is provided on membership of the charity, patrons and medical advisors associated with the charity, and a brief history of the charity. In addition there is a glossary of terms, and links to other mitochondrial Web resources. Charities Great Britain Mitochondrial Myopathies Last modified 28/Mar/2003 [Low Graphics]

37. Myopathies myopathies. Definition myopathies are diseases of skeletal muscle whichare not caused by nerve disorders. These diseases http://www.chclibrary.org/micromed/00057610.html

Main Search Index Definition Description Causes ... Resources Myopathies Definition Myopathies are diseases of skeletal muscle which are not caused by nerve disorders. These diseases cause the skeletal or voluntary muscles to become weak or wasted. Description There are many different types of myopathies, some of which are inherited, some inflammatory, and some caused by endocrine problems. Myopathies are rare and not usually fatal. Typically, effects are mild, largely causing muscle weakness and movement problems, and many are transitory. Only rarely will patients become dependent on a wheelchair. However, muscular dystrophy (which is technically a form of myopathy) is far more severe. Some types of this disease are fatal in early adulthood. Myopathies are usually degenerative, but they are sometimes caused by drug side effects, chemical poisoning , or a chronic disorder of the immune system. Genetic myopathies Among their many functions, genes are responsible for overseeing the production of proteins important in maintaining healthy cells. Muscle cells produce thousands of proteins. With each of the inherited myopathies, a genetic defect is linked to a lack of, or problem with, one of the proteins needed for normal muscle cell function. There are several different kinds of myopathy caused by defective genes: Central core disease Centronuclear (myotubular) myopathy Myotonia congenita Nemaline myopathy Paramyotonia congenita Periodic paralysis (hypokalemic and hyperkalemic forms)

38. Www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2K/MB_cgi?term=Mitochondrial+Myopathies Similar pages myopathies dystrophies musculaires progressives - dystrophies - Translate this page myopathies (autres que la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne/ Becker). Le(s) site(s)de référence ¬ AFM (association française contre les myopathies). http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2K/MB_cgi?term=Mitochondrial Myopathies

39. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 14, Ch. 184, Muscular Disorders myopathies. Channelopathies. myopathies. Included are congenital and metabolicmyopathies, including glycogen storage diseases and mitochondrial myopathies. http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section14/chapter184/184b.htm

This Publication Is Searchable The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Section 14. Neurologic Disorders Chapter 184. Muscular Disorders Topics Muscular Dystrophies Myopathies Channelopathies Myopathies Included are congenital and metabolic myopathies, including glycogen storage diseases and mitochondrial myopathies. Congenital myopathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders that cause hypotonia in infancy or weakness and delayed motor milestones later in childhood. An autosomal dominant form of nemaline myopathy is linked to chromosome 1 ( -tropomyosin gene), and a recessive form to chromosome 2. Other forms are caused by mutations in the gene for the ryanodine receptor (the calcium release channel of the sarcoplasmic reticulum) on chromosome 19q. Skeletal abnormalities and dysmorphic features are common. Diagnosis is made by histochemical and electron microscopic examination of a muscle sample to identify specific morphologic changes. Mitochondrial myopathies Glycogen storage diseases of muscle are a group of rare autosomal recessive diseases characterized by abnormal accumulation of glycogen in skeletal muscle due to a specific biochemical defect in carbohydrate metabolism. These diseases can be mild or severe (see also

40. Myopathies MAIN SEARCH INDEX myopathies. Definition. myopathies are diseases ofskeletal muscle which are not caused by nerve disorders. These http://www.hendrickhealth.org/healthy/000941.htm

MAIN SEARCH INDEX Myopathies Definition Description Causes and symptoms Diagnosis ... Resources Definition Myopathies are diseases of skeletal muscle which are not caused by nerve disorders. These diseases cause the skeletal or voluntary muscles to become weak or wasted. Description There are many different types of myopathies, some of which are inherited, some inflammatory, and some caused by endocrine problems. Myopathies are rare and not usually fatal. Typically, effects are mild, largely causing muscle weakness and movement problems, and many are transitory. Only rarely will patients become dependent on a wheelchair. However, muscular dystrophy (which is technically a form of myopathy) is far more severe. Some types of this disease are fatal in early adulthood. Causes and symptoms Myopathies are usually degenerative, but they are sometimes caused by drug side effects, chemical poisoning , or a chronic disorder of the immune system. Genetic myopathies Among their many functions, genes are responsible for overseeing the production of proteins important in maintaining healthy cells. Muscle cells produce thousands of proteins. With each of the inherited myopathies, a genetic defect is linked to a lack of, or problem with, one of the proteins needed for normal muscle cell function. There are several different kinds of myopathy caused by defective genes: Central core disease Centronuclear (myotubular) myopathy Myotonia congenita Nemaline myopathy Paramyotonia congenita Periodic paralysis (hypokalemic and hyperkalemic forms)

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