41. A Pellagra Epidemic In Kuito, Angola A pellagra epidemic in Kuito, Angola. By Sophie At the end of July 1999the first cases of pellagra were diagnosed in Kuito. This marked http://www.ennonline.net/fex/10/fa12.html

A Pellagra epidemic in Kuito, Angola By Sophie Baquet and Michelle van Herp Sophie Baquet is the headquarter nutritionist in MSF Belgium and Michel van Herp, Headquarters epidemiologist in MSF Belgium. This article is based on field visits to Kuito between August 1999 and March 2000 and from field reports. There is also a contribution from Jeremy Shoham based on a recent review of pellagra in emergencies carried out on behalf of WHO. Angola has been at war for more than 20 years. A second peace process, initiated at the end of 1994 lasted until 1998 when conflict resumed. Since late 98, more than one hundred thousand people living in Bie province (in the central high plateau of Angola) have fled conflict and sought asylum around Kuito town (the provincial capital of Bie). The population of Kuito town and surrounding area has been estimated at 155,000, with about 110,000 Internally displaced people (IDPs) currently sheltered in various sites around the town. Kuito is effectively now an enclave due to the high level of military activity in the area and is known to be one of the heaviest mined cities in the world. With little potential for food production by the local population and the numerous displaced people living in Kuito, most of this population are completely dependent on WFP (World Food Programme) rations. Small agricultural fields and seeds have been allocated to the displaced population but harvests are generally poor and insufficient. The purchasing power of the resident population has rapidly decreased due to inflation and the activities of most traders had been reduced due to the war.

42. ReliefWeb: Field Exchange Apr 2002: Recurrent Pellagra In Angola Field Exchange Apr 2002 Recurrent pellagra in Angola Summary ofreport* The pellagra patients are normal weight or overweight. http://www.reliefweb.int/w/rwb.nsf/c7ca0eaf6c79faae852567af003c69ca/f38d7373ac25

43. Spartanburg Pellagra Hospital The pellagra hospital in Spartanburg was the nation's first facility dedicatedto discovering the cause of that baffling and serious disorder. http://www.scencyclopedia.org/spartanburg_pellagra_hospital.htm

By the time the hospital shut down in 1921, owing to optimistic but erroneous predictions of pellagra's imminent demise, the Spartanburg facility had helped scientists prove the dietary basis of disease and enabled hundreds of upstate South Carolinians to rid themselves-at government expense-of a life threatening disease. “Annual Report of the State Board of Health.” Vol. 4, Reports and Resolutions of the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina, Regular Session Commencing January 11, 1916 . Columbia, S.C.: Gonzales and Bryan, 1915-1916. Ed Beardsley

44. How The Vitamins For Preventing Scurvy, Beriberi, And Pellagra Were Discovered. But the battle against pellagra would unlock that door. In Italian pellagra means rough skin. But this malady brings much more. http://www.luminet.net/~wenonah/new/howfindv.htm

How Vitamins were Discovered H O H NO The Dreaded "Scurvy Infection". The sailor's legs were so swollen that the man could not walk. His captain, hoping to stop the spread of the dreaded "scurvy infection," put the man ashore on a desolate Atlantic island. The poor wretch was bound to die, the captain felt, but perhaps the rest of the crew could thus be saved. The story of the sailor who "ate grass, like a beast and lived" was of great interest to a Scottish surgeon Dr. James Lind. Having been with the British fleet, he was aware of the thousands of seamen who died yearly with scurvy. Lind's question was, Did the grass contain something that the man's normal diet did not? Was there a connection between scurvy and diet? Deciding to experiment, Lind became responsible for an important chapter in the story of "how they found your vitamins." Not that Dr. Lind was looking for a vitamin. The word was unheard of before 1911. The discovery of most vitamins was really accidental in that the researchers were attacking specific diseases, not studying foods or nutrition. Further, this story has no one hero, but involves the efforts of men from many countries. These pioneers frequently did not benefit from one another's discoveries, as they lacked the benefits of modern communications. Yet, sometimes, despite the scorn of contemporary doctors and scientists, the efforts of these men constitute a story of courage, perseverance and eventual success.

45. Welcome To ENH.org - Health Encyclopedia: Pellagra Poison Reference. Special Topic Reference. Surgery Reference. Symptoms Reference.pellagra. Disease, Injury, Nutrition, Poison. Special Topic, Surgery, Symptoms,Test. http://www.enh.org/Encyclopedia/ency/article/000342.asp

Disease Reference Injury Reference Test Reference Nutrition Reference ... Symptoms Reference Pellagra Disease Injury Nutrition Poison ... Z Definition: A disease caused by a deficient diet or failure of the body to absorb niacin (one of the B complex vitamins ) or an amino acid ( tryptophan ). Common in certain parts of the world (in people consuming large quantities of corn), the disease is characterized by scaly skin sores, diarrhea , mucosal changes, and mental symptoms (especially a schizophrenia-like dementia ). It may develop after gastrointestinal diseases or alcoholism Alternative Names: Vitamin deficiency - niacin; Deficiency - niacin Food guide pyramid Review Date: 10/4/2001 Reviewed By: Victoria Kennedy, RN, A.D.A.M. editorial. 2650 Ridge Avenue Evanston, IL 60201 Site Map Email Us!

46. International Notes Outbreak Of Pellagra Among Mozambican Refugees - Malawi, 199 International Notes Outbreak of pellagra Among Mozambican Refugees Malawi,1990. 8). 6. Roe DA. A plague of corn the social history of pellagra. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001945.htm

International Notes Outbreak of Pellagra Among Mozambican Refugees - Malawi, 1990 Micronutrient deficiency disorders, including pellagra, have emerged as major problems in refugee populations that depend on international relief assistance for food supplies (1,2). This report summarizes an investigation of pellagra that occurred among Mozambican refugees in Malawi during 1990. Since 1987, approximately 900,000 Mozambicans have fled armed conflict in their homeland to seek refuge in neighboring Malawi. Approximately half are housed in refugee camps; the remainder live in villages integrated with the local Malawian population. Overall refugee relief assistance is coordinated by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Health care is provided by Malawian Ministry of Health personnel assisted by private voluntary organizations. During July-October 1989, 1169 cases of pellagra were detected among Mozambican refugees settled in 11 sites (including both camps and integrated villages) in southern Malawi (1). From February 1 through October 30, 1990, 17,878 cases were reported among 285,942 refugees (attack rate (AR)=6.3%) (Figure 1). During the 1989 outbreak, Medecins Sans Frontieres, Paris (MSF), the private voluntary organization that provided health care in the 11 sites, established a passive surveillance system in which persons with pellagra who presented to health facilities were recorded separately. (Previously, pellagra cases were reported as unspecified "nutritional disorders" according to the national disease surveillance system.) In July 1990, active case detection was instituted, and detailed information was collected on each patient (including age, sex, address, nationality, date of arrival in Malawi, duration of illness, and clinical signs).

47. Consequences Of Eugenics The Contested Etiology Of Pellagra -- Niacin The Cure pellagra is the name given to a more severe deficiency of niacin and was firstdescribed when corn was introduced as a major dietary component in the early http://www.oralchelation.com/ingred/B3.htm

Life Glow Plus Super Life Glow Life Glow Basic Bone Dense Calcium ... Separate Search Page or search below Navigation Help Karl Loren Background Ingredients Technical Write To Karl Loren ... Table Of Contents Consequences of Eugenics The Contested Etiology of Pellagra Niacin The Cure Also At Early stages of a niacin deficiency include symptoms like muscle weakness, anorexia, indigestion, and skin eruptions. Pellagra is the name given to a more severe deficiency of niacin and was first described when corn was introduced as a major dietary component in the early 1700's. This was common in the southern US in the early 1900's. In 1937 at the University of Wisconsin, Elvehjem first demonstrated that nicotinic acid cures pellagra. This usually results from diets lacking enough protein or not enough niacin. Symptoms of a niacin deficiency initiate with weakness, indigestion, and lack of appetite. As the deficiency worsens symptoms progress to the 3 D's: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia. Pellagra can also eventually lead to death if not treated. ( source Source Pellagra described in 1753 by a Spanish physician as mal de la rosa "a kind of leprosy," caused by humid air, foul wind, and faulty diet.

48. Similarity Of Polio To Pellagra, Beriberi, And Other Deficiency Diseases--Eleano SIMILARITY OF POLIO TO pellagra, BERIBERI AND OTHER DEFICIENCY DISEASES EleanorMcBean. Ralf R. Scobey, MD, president of the Poliomyelitis Research Institute. http://www.whale.to/vaccine/polio2.html

SIMILARITY OF POLIO TO PELLAGRA, BERIBERI AND OTHER DEFICIENCY DISEASES Eleanor McBean Ralf R. Scobey, M.D., president of the Poliomyelitis Research Institute. Inc. Syracuse, New York (in the Archives of Pediatrics, Sept. 1950) lists 170 diseases of polio-like symptoms and effects but with different names such as: epidemic cholera, cholera morbus, spinal meningitis, spinal apoplexy, inhibitory palsy, intermittent fever, famine fever, worm fever, bilious remittent fever, ergotism, etc. There are also such common nutritional deficiency diseases as beriberi, scurvy, Asiatic plague, pellagra, prison edema, acidosis etc. No drugs, medicines or medical treatments have ever been able to cure any of these diseases and no germs have been isolated as the cause. But they all respond to fasting, cleansing, proper diet and improved circulation. The similarity of these diseases to polio is too obvious to go unnoticed. They are, in reality, all one disease with varying stages of intensity and different names. It is ridiculous to assume that polio is caused by a virus and the rest of them are caused by nutritional deficiency. Dr. Scobey senses this fact when he states: "Inasmuch as nerve cells react in much the same way to various poisons, further research will probably show that in these cases polio micro-organisms are not always present, but intoxication (poisoning) may be produced through faulty metabolism or by the absorption of poisons from without."

49. MercyWeb.org | Health Information pellagra. Definition pellagra is a disorder brought on by a deficiency of the nutrientcalled niacin or nicotinic acid, one of the Bcomplex vitamins. http://www.ehealthconnection.com/regions/toledo/health_information/00060110.asp

QUICK FIND Educational Opportunities eNewsletter Registration Health Plan Information NW Ohio Smoke Free Restaurants Obstetrical Pre-Registration Partners in Community Caring Web Nursery Definition Description Causes... Diagnosis ... Resources Pellagra Definition Pellagra is a disorder brought on by a deficiency of the nutrient called niacin or nicotinic acid, one of the B-complex vitamins Description Nicotinic acid plays a crucial role in the cellular process called "respiration." Respiration is the process by which nutrients (specifically sugar, or glucose) and oxygen are taken in, chemical reactions take place, energy is produced and stored, and carbon monoxide and wastes are given off. This process is absolutely central to basic cell functioning, and thus the functioning of the body as a whole. Niacin is a B vitamin which is found in such foods as yeast, liver, meat, fish, whole-grain cereals and breads, and legumes. Niacin can also be produced within the body from the essential amino acid called tryptophan. Dietary requirements for niacin depend on the age, gender, size, and activity level of the individual. Niacin requirements range from 5 mg in infants up to 20 mg in certain adults. Pellagra can be either primary or secondary. Primary pellagra results when the diet is extremely deficient in niacin-rich foods. A classic example occurs in geographic locations where Indian corn (maize) is the dietary staple. Maize does contain niacin, but in a form which cannot be absorbed from the intestine (except when it has been treated with alkali, as happens in the preparation of tortillas). People who rely on maize as their major food source often suffer from pellagra. Pellagra can also occur when a hospitalized patient, unable to eat for a very prolonged period of time, is given fluids devoid of vitamins through a needle in the vein (intravenous or IV fluids).

50. Pellagraphobia Is The Fear Of Pellagra pell·ag·gra·pho·bi·a n. 1. The fear of pellagra, a disease marked bydermatitis, gastrointestinal disorders, and central nervous symptoms and http://www.panphobia.com/disease/pellagraphobia.htm

Pellagra Books Films DVD Music ... The Second Brain: The Scientific Basis of Gut Instinct and a new Understanding of Nervous Disorders of the Stomach and Intestines by Michael Gershon pell·ag·gra·pho·bi·a n. 1. The fear of pellagra, a disease marked by dermatitis, gastrointestinal disorders, and central nervous symptoms and associated with a diet deficient in niacin and protein. Center for Disease Control The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is recognized as the lead federal agency for protecting the health and safety of people - at home and abroad, providing credible information to enhance health decisions, and promoting health through strong partnerships. CDC serves as the national focus for developing and applying disease prevention and control, environmental health, and health promotion and education activities designed to improve the health of the people of the United States. ( More Texts Web Books ... Search panphobia.com is in association with the

51. Pellagra - Acapedia - Free Knowledge, For All acapedia.org home acapedia feedback. Friends of Acapedia pellagra. From Wikipedia,the free encyclopedia. (There is currently no text in this page). http://acapedia.org/aca/Pellagra

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52. Pellagra Translate this page La pellagra si diffuse nella seconda metà del Settecento nell'Italia centro-settentrionale,a causa di assenza di vitamina PP nell'alimentazione. http://www.museostoricobg.org/lavori/cdmultimed/medie/museo_medie/pellagra.htm

La pellagra si diffuse nella seconda metà del Settecento nell'Italia centro-settentrionale, a causa di assenza di vitamina PP nell'alimentazione. I contadini bergamaschi si nutrivano sempre più di granoturco, consumato sotto forma di polenta, e sempre meno di pane bianco. Assunta come alimento esclusivo, la polenta provocò danni irreparabili all'organismo e alla mente di molti contadini. La sintomatologia della pellagra presentava, generalmente, una prima fase di eritema: si screpolavano le mani, la pelle esposta al sole si squamava. Il secondo stadio era caratterizzato da vertigini, debolezza fisica e disturbi gastrointestinali, con forti diarree. Se non intervenivano fattori che modificavano la dieta, la malattia evolveva in demenza e veniva curata con il ricovero manicomiale. La descrive Facheris: "una lesione particolare al sistema nervoso, per cui gli ammalati deboli dapprincipio e quasi paralitici passavano ad una sorta di melancolia che può dirsi pavida e spesso religiosa". La cura che l'ospedale riservava ai pellagrosi consisteva nel miglioramento della dieta, resa più varia e completa, la somministrazione di alcuni medicinali e bagni o docce refrigeranti e igienici. Mediamente si curavano 500 malati all'anno, con turni di ricovero di 15/20 giorni.

53. La Pellagra Translate this page La pellagra è una avitaminosi da carenza di vitamina PP, nel malato conclamato(oggi rarissimo alle nostre latitudini) si ha oltre una disepitelizzazione di http://www.vialattea.net/esperti/sal/pellagra.html

Mio padre mi raccontava dei casi di pellagra al suo paese e mi diceva che, agli ammalati, il comune (o chi per lui) passava gratuitamente il sale. Ma, essendo la pellagra un'avitaminosi (mi pare), che c'entra il sale? (risponde Francesco Maria Andreozzi

54. Nutritional And Metabolic Diseases US). pellagra pellagra Adam, via MedlinePlus; About Niacin (vitaminB3) - NAS/IOM; About the Toxicity of Niacin - Cornell. Beriberi http://www.mic.ki.se/Diseases/c18.html

search help staff Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Patients and laypersons looking for guidance among the target sources of this collection of links are strongly advised to review the information retrieved with their professional health care provider. Alphabetical List of Diseases Search PubMed at NCBI/NLM FDA Center for - (US) International Union of Nutritional Sciences - (AU) The Nutrition Navigator (rating guide) at Tufts University The USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, rel 13 - (US) Nutritional Analysis Tool, ver 2.0 - U of Illinois (US) About some Diagnostic Tests Used in Evaluation of Malabsorption www.FoodSafety.gov Food Safety including a list of Organisms of concern - N Carolina Coop. Ext. Serv. (US) About Food Irradiation - BFE (DE) Facts about Food Irradiation - IAEA (AT) The British Nutrition Foundation Int'l Food Information Council , including a page on Food Additives , and Food Color Facts , and a Glossary of Food-Related Terms About Glutamate and Monosodium Glutamate - IFIC On Antioxidants and some questions/answers re Selenium G Combs ] - Cornell Cooperative Extension Facts about some dietary supplements - NIH Clinical Center (US) About Functional Food A Dowden ] - (UK) Epicurious Dictionary of Food The American Dietetic Association , and their position on Vegetarian Diets The Water FAQ - SoftWater.Com (US)

55. Pellagra pellagra deficiency disease due to a lack of niacin (nicotinic acid), oneof the components of the B complex vitamins in the diet. pellagra. http://www.slider.com/enc/41000/pellagra.htm

Home Encyclopeadia P Pat - Pea ... Rope Ladders Trellian WebPage Slider Search: The Web Encyclopaedia Shopping Index Help Encyclopaedia pellagra deficiency disease due to a lack of niacin (nicotinic acid), one of the components of the B complex vitamins in the diet. Niacin is plentiful in yeast, organ meats, peanuts, and wheat germ. The disease manifests itself in lesions of the skin and mucous membrane, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms, neurological derangement, and mental confusion. It is most common in areas where the diet consists mainly of corn, which, unlike other grains, lacks niacin as well as the amino acid tryptophan, which the body uses to synthesize the vitamin. Treatment includes large doses of niacin and the institution of a proper diet to prevent recurrences. See Daphne A. Roe, A Plague of Corn: A Social History of Pellagra Add URL Advertise Contact Us

56. Qango : Health: Diseases And Conditions: P: Pellagra Qango Directory pellagra all of Qango only this category Options Help. Home Health Diseases and Conditions P pellagra, Suggest a Site. Health, etc. http://www.qango.com/dir/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/P/Pellagra/

Chat Forums Free Email Personals Classifieds ... Help Qango Directory Pellagra all of Qango only this category Options Help Home Health ... P > Pellagra Suggest a Site Health, etc If you would like to suggest a site for this category please click here Home Health Diseases and Conditions ... P > Pellagra Suggest a Site Home Suggest a Site Search ... Login

57. POP UP - Pellagra, Berberi, Scurvy POP UPKNOWLEDGE IN DEPTH- (click on pellagra, beriberi, or scurvy).pellagra, BERIBERI, AND SCURVY ARE NUTRITIONAL-DEFICIENCY DISEASES. http://cghs.dade.k12.fl.us/slavery/antebellum_slavery/plantation_slave_life/pop_

58. Niacin And Pellagra - Part 2 Niacin and pellagra Part 2. James D. Hajicek June 15, 1999. A Reviewof the Book pellagra. The remainder of this discussion http://www.vorsoft.com/medical/niacin/part2.htm

Niacin and Pellagra - Part 2 James D. Hajicek June 15, 1999 A Review of the Book: PELLAGRA The remainder of this discussion will be devoted to reviewing some of the contents of a book: Pellagra Benchmark Papers in Biochemistry, Volume 2 Hutchinson Ross Publishing Company, 1981 Edited by Kenneth J. Carpenter This book consists of reprints of key medical papers about pellagra from 1755 to 1977, together with editorial comments. There are partial or total reprints of over different 40 papers. The following papers are mostly concerned with the etiology of pellagra. They are reviewed here in Part 2: Paper 1 - 1755 - Thiery Description of a Malady Called Mal de la Rosa Paper 2 - 1808 - Buniva Observations on Pellagra: It Would Not Appear to be Contagious Paper 3 - 1856 - Lussana and Frua Su La Pellagra Paper 4 - 1863 - Salas Etiology and Prophylaxis of Pellagra Paper 5 - 1910 - Marie Pellagra, Appendix IV: Advice and Rules for Avoiding Pellagra Paper 6 - 1910 - Sambon Progress Report on the Investigation of Pellagra Paper 7 - 1935 - Aykroyd, Alexa, and Nitzulescu

59. Niacin And Pellagra - Part 3 Niacin and pellagra Part 3. James D. Hajicek June 15, 1999. Paper 11 - Mizell. Excerptsfrom the book pellagra, Paper 11. Am. J. Clin. Med. 181145-1150 (1911). http://www.vorsoft.com/medical/niacin/part3.htm

Niacin and Pellagra - Part 3 James D. Hajicek June 15, 1999 Summary of Significant Papers - Continued Paper 11 - Mizell Excerpts from the book Pellagra , Paper 11. Am. J. Clin. Med. The Etiology, Nosology, and Treatment of Pellagra George C. Mizell, M.D. ... As pellagra is a new disease in the United States, we should look for some new factor that has entered into the conditions of life. ... The one great departure in diet that has been inaugurated during the past twenty-five years is that from animal-fat to vegetable-fat consumption. A casual investigation will convince anyone interested that the cottonseed oil industry parallels the development of pellagra in the United States. We have entered into the ranks of oil-consuming nations. It can be shown that all nations afflicted with pellagra are large oil consumers, and that wherever drying (linolin-bearing) vegetable oils are used to any extent for edible purposes the inhabitants are afflicted with pellagra. Cottonseed oil belongs to the semi-drying order of oils. ...

60. Politics And Pellagra z Politics and pellagra in milltown Byzantium. By Cathy Donelson BusinessAlabama January 2001. A powerful alliance of Bourbon planters http://www.constitutionalreform.org/news/reformnews_cd2.html

z Politics and pellagra in mill-town Byzantium By Cathy Donelson Business Alabama January 2001 A powerful alliance of Bourbon planters and mill town industrialists fashioned the 1901 Constitution. Only a handful of would-be New South governors have dared to challenge the feudal protectors of this Byzantine document. Calls for revising the 1901 Constitution have been sounded by many Alabama governors since 1915, says former Gov. Albert P. Brewer. But the calls have gone unanswered for a century, he adds. Brewer, now a law professor pushing for constitutional reforms, is a board member of the Alabama Citizens for Constitutional Reform (ACCR Foundation, Inc.), the new public interest group incorporated last year to inform Alabamians about their antiquated constitution and inspire them to create a modern charter. The document, which has grown into a thick book after a century of amendments, is holding the state back, according to reformers. It was so flawed in the beginning, the first amendment was needed to allow the state to improve roads and bridges. Alabama went through political and social upheavals that alarmed the old guard in the years leading up to the new constitution, so a century ago they crafted a new constitution to prevent another scare.

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