1. Pericarditis Hub A brief definition of pericarditis, followed by links to overviews, fulltext articles, research projects and case reports. pericarditis http://www.projectlinks.org/pericarditis/

Pericarditis is an inflammation of the thin sac that surrounds the heart. The most common viruses causing the disease are enteroviruses while the most common bacteria infecting the pericardium are the pyogenic cocci (Neisseria, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus). Chronic pericarditis is most commonly caused by M. tuberculosis or Histoplasma capsulatum. There is also a noninfectious pericarditis; causes include disease of the underlying heart muscle, injury, and other diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, or kidney failure. Electrocardiographic Manifestations and Differential Diagnosis of Acute Pericarditis - by Mark A. Marinella, M.D., Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio. Pericarditis by Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Pericarditis by MEDLINEplus Medical Encyclopedia - updated by H. Jacqueline Suk, M.D., Department of Cardiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. Purulent Pericarditis - by Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Pericarditis by Texas Heart Institute Pericarditis by RUSH Pericarditis by Dr. Joseph F. Smith Medical Library

2. Learn About Pericarditis From Plainsense The warning signs, tests and treatment of this disease. http://www.plainsense.com/Health/Heart/pericarditis.htm

Search the Web. Type it and go! Related Topics: Abnormal Heartbeat Angina Angiogram Angioplasty ... Pacemakers Pericarditis Preventing Heart Disease Reversing Heart Disease Radionuclide Scans Rescue Breathing ... Women at Risk Understanding Pericarditis Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium, the sac that surrounds your heart. Pericarditis may be caused by a virus or bacterial infection, such as tuberculosis, or by an injury. It often occurs after a respiratory infection, and is most common in men between the ages of 20 and 5O. Warning Signs Pericarditis causes chest pains radiating to the left side of the neck, shoulder, back or abdomen. Breathlessness and swelling of the abdomen are common symptoms as well. Testing for Pericarditis If you have these symptoms, your doctor may perform an x-ray and record an electrocardiogram and echocardiogram to make sure you are not having a heart attack. Treating Pericarditis Treatment of Pericarditis depends on the cause. When the cause is a bacterial infection or tuberculosis, antibiotics or anti-tuberculosis drugs may be prescribed. Analgesics are given for pain, and diuretics help reduce swelling and fluid retention. Most patients recover from Pericarditis in two weeks to three months. Cardiac Tamponade often a complication of pericarditis, cardiac tamponade results when fluid accumulates in the space between the pericardium and the heart. The pressure of the fluid on the heart results in decreased blood flow to the lungs and the rest of the body. The excess fluid may need to be drained through a catheter, in a process called pericardiocentesis.

3. Heart Care - Pericardis - Methodist Health Care System, Houston, Texas An explanation of pericarditis as well as causes, symptoms and treatment.Category Health Conditions and Diseases Heart Disease pericarditis......pericarditis What is pericarditis? What are the symptoms of pericarditis?The following are the most common indicators of pericarditis. http://www.methodisthealth.com/health/heart/pericard.htm

Heart Care Home Las Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (en español) Clinical Services Methodist DeBakey Heart Center Multi-Organ Transplant Center at The Methodist Hospital Methodist Diagnostic Hospital Methodist Sugar Land Hospital ... Appointment Pericarditis What is pericarditis? Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, the thin sac (membrane) that surrounds the heart. There is a small amount of fluid between the inner and outer layers of the pericardium. When the pericardium becomes inflamed, the amount of fluid between its two layers increases, compressing the heart and interfering with its ability to function properly. What are the symptoms of pericarditis? The following are the most common indicators of pericarditis. However, individuals may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include: chest pain that: can especially be felt behind the breastbone, sometimes felt beneath the clavicle (collarbone), neck, and left shoulder. is a sharp, piercing pain over the center or left side of the chest that increases if the person takes a deep breath.

4. Pericardium And Pericarditis - Patient Queries - Irish Heart Foundation :) Irela If this surrounding bag becomes inflammed the condition is called pericarditis. The pericardium has an inner and outer http://www.irishheart.ie/patientqueries/pericarditis.htm

IHF Home Patient Queries Pericardium and Pericarditis The pericardium is the thin sac or bag (membrane) that surrounds the heart. What is pericarditis? If this surrounding bag becomes inflammed the condition is called Pericarditis. The pericardium has an inner and outer layer and contains a small amount of lubricating fluid between the layers. When the pericardium is inflamed, it may cause these layers to become more sticky and for more fluid to accumulate. Your doctor may hear a rubbing sound when he listens to your heart as the two sticky layers of your pericardium rub off each other. Sometimes a large amount of fluid may accumulate in the pericardial sac. This occurs with certain infections of the heart and also with kidney disease. How do you feel with pericarditis ? Pericarditis usually occurs in men aged 20 to 50. They experience chest pain which lies behind the breastbone that sometimes spreads to the neck and left shoulder. The pain tends to be sharp and is made worse by deep breaths, swallowing or by lying down flat. Many people with pericarditis feel sick and may have a fever. These features help your doctor separate this pain from angina. What are the causes of pericarditis?

5. Pericarditis - CardiologyChannel pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium. Fluid build up between the heartand the pericardium, or pericardial effusion, can cause pericarditis. http://www.cardiologychannel.com/pericarditis/

Home Search SiteMap Ask the Dr. ... Medical Store advertisement advertisement PERICARDITIS Overview Causes Symptoms Diagnosis ... Treatment CONDITIONS Angina Aortic Stenosis Atrial Fibrillation Chest Pain ... Congestive Heart Failure Endocarditis Heart Attack High Cholesterol Hypertension ... Pericarditis DIAGNOSTIC TESTS Cardiac Catheterization Coronary Angioplasty TREATMENTS Pacemaker RESOURCES Anatomy Clinical Trials Links News Focus ... Videos About Us Healthcommunities.com Pressroom Testimonials Overview A thin layer of specialized tissue called the pericardium covers the outer surfaces of the heart. The pericardium helps to anchor the heart in place, preventing excessive movement of the heart in the chest when body position changes; protects the heart from infections and tumors that develop in and may spread from adjacent tissues; and may help keep the heart from enlarging. Inflammation of the tissues of the pericardium is called pericarditis . There are many possible causes of pericarditis: infection, kidney failure, metastatic disease, some medications, and radiation therapy. Pericarditis frequently causes a characteristic chest pain that usually compels one to seek medical attention. Causes There are many possible cause of pericarditis, some more common than others. Young, otherwise healthy persons who develop pericarditis often have had a recent viral infection. In other young healthy persons with pericarditis, no clear cause is ever determined. A case without clear cause is called

6. InteliHealth: Pericarditis Viral infection Viral pericarditis can be caused by an infection by a coxsackievirus, an echovirus, an adenovirus, http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/331/24447.html

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7. Pericarditis - Patient & Family Version - Pediatric Explain what it is, how it happens, how it feels, symptoms, treatments and things you should know. http://pedspain.nursing.uiowa.edu/GenePain/PERICAnt.htm

Pericarditis Ruth Hobson RN Edited by Chris Santis RN What is pericarditis? Pericarditis is the inflammation of the protective covering which surrounds your heart. This protective covering is called the pericardium. How does pericarditis happen? Usually, pericarditis results from some other disease process that is going on. For instance, many people that have heart attacks or have open heart surgery can develop pericarditis just from the injury that has occured to the heart. How does it feel to have pericarditis? Pericarditis is usually described as sharp, severe chest pain and is located in the front of your chest. The pain may travel into the arm, neck, or back. The chest pain many times feels worse when you take a deep breath, cough, swallow, or turn your body a certain way. Sometimes a fever, chills, and shortness of breath can accompany the chest pain. Those symptoms sound like a heart attack, how do I know I am not having a heart attack? Yes, these symptoms are very much like a heart attack, but the findings done on a physical exam and in the laboratory tests will help determine if it is pericarditis or a heart attack. First of all, the doctor or nurse will listen very carefully to your heart, because pericarditis causes a very distinct heart sound called a "pericardial friction rub". This sound is made because of the swelling of these tissues surrounding the heart, making a rubbing sound. Also, the doctor will order a chest x-ray, a tracing of your heart (called an ECG) and some blood tests. All of these things will help the doctor diagnose the pericarditis as well.

8. Loyola Univ. Health Sys. - Cardiac Care - Pericarditis Detailed look at this, an inflammation of the saclike covering of the heart. Includes prognosis and complications. bacteria can lead to bacterial pericarditis (also called purulent pericarditis). Some fungal (mycotic) infections can http://www.luhs.org/health/topics/cardiac/pericard.htm

You are here: Home Health Information Health Topics Cardiac Care Pericarditis What is pericarditis: Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, the thin sac (membrane) that surrounds the heart and the roots of the great vessels. There is a small amount of fluid between the inner and outer layers of the pericardium. When the pericardium becomes inflamed, the amount of fluid between its two layers increases, compressing the heart and interfering with its ability to function properly. Symptoms of pericarditis: chest pain that: can especially be felt behind the breastbone, sometimes spreading to the neck and left shoulder is a sharp, piercing pain over the center or left side of the chest that increases if the person takes a deep breath

9. Electrocardiographic Manifestations And Differential Diagnosis Of Acute pericarditis has many potential etiologies and typically presents as sharp central chest pain that worsens with http://www.aafp.org/afp/980215ap/marinell.html

Advanced Search Articles Departments Patient Information Electrocardiographic Manifestations and Differential Diagnosis of Acute Pericarditis MARK A. MARINELLA, M.D., Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio Acute pericarditis has many potential etiologies and typically presents as sharp central chest pain that worsens with recumbency and is relieved by leaning forward. The pathognomonic physical finding of acute pericarditis is the pericardial friction rub, which is usually auscultated along the lower left sternal border. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a useful, simple tool that may aid in the diagnosis of acute pericarditis. Typical ECG findings include diffuse concave-upward ST-segment elevation and, occasionally, PR-segment depression. ECG changes of both acute myocardial infarction and early repolarization can appear similar to ECG changes of acute pericarditis. However, these conditions can usually be excluded by an accurate history, physical examination and recognition of a few key features on the ECG. This article exemplifies the AAFP 1997-98 Annual Clinical Focus on prevention and management of cardiovascular disease.

10. Pericardial Disease The Merck Manual discusses both acute and chronic pericarditis. Looks at signs, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of both. http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section16/chapter209/209b.htm

11. Pericardium And Pericarditis Gives an explanation for both pericardium and pericarditis. Brief discussion on who gets it, the causes Category Health Conditions and Diseases Heart Disease pericarditis......Pericardium and pericarditis What is the pericardium? What is pericarditis?pericarditis (pair ekar-DI'tis) is inflammation of the pericardium. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4683

12. Constrictive Pericarditis MEDSTUDENTS-CARDIOLOGY A review of the basic and clinical characteristics of constrictive pericarditis. Including analysis of surgical treatment and long term outcome. http://www.medstudents.com.br/cardio/cardio6.htm

Cardiology Eduardo Benchimol Saad, MD Medstudents' Homepage Constrictive Pericarditis The pericardium is a two-layered sac that encircles the heart, the inner serosal layer ( visceral pericardium ) adhering to the outer wall of the heart and being reflected back upon itself, at the level of the great vessels, to join the though fibrous outer layer ( parietal pericardium ). A thin film of fluid ( about 50 ml )slightly separates the two layers and decreases friction between them. The pericardium appears to serve three functions : it fixes the heart within the mediastinum and limits its motion; it prevents extreme dilatation of the heart during sudden rises of intracardiac volume; and it may function as a barrier to limit the spread of infection from the adjacent lungs. However, patients with complete absence of the pericardium ( either congenital or surgically removed ) generally do fine without it, casting doubt on its actual physiologic importance. Constrictive Pericarditis is present when a fibrotic, thickened, and adherent pericardium restricts diastolic filling of the heart. It usually begins with an initial episode of acute pericarditis, which may not be detected clinically. This then slowly progresses to a subacute stage of organization and resorption of effusion, follwed by a chronic stage consisting of fibrous scarring and thickening of the pericardium with obliteration of the pericardial space, producing uniform restriction of the filling of all heart chambers. In this stage, calcium deposition may contribute to stiffening of the pericardium. The possible etiologies of constrictive pericarditis are shown in

13. The Zena & Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute - Mount Sinai School Of Me A look at acute, chronic, constrictive, adhesive, viral, bacterial, fungal and uremic pericaditis .Category Health Conditions and Diseases Heart Disease pericarditis......MSSM Home, pericarditis. Back to Diseases and Conditions. pericarditismay be acute or chronic. It may be completely cured or may recur. http://www.mssm.edu/cvi/pericarditis.shtml

Pericarditis Back to Diseases and Conditions he pericardium is a sac of tough fibrous tissue that envelops the heart and the roots of the blood vessels which enter and leave the heart. The small amount of lubricating fluid (approximately 30 ml) contained in the sac and the sac's incomplete attachment to the heart allow the heart to move within it. Pericarditis is the name given to a variety of diseases, all of which have the major characteristics of inflammation of the pericardium and an increase in volume of the pericardial fluid. Pericarditis may be acute or chronic. It may be completely cured or may recur. Pericarditis is a progressive disease which can be life-threatening if not treated in a timely manner. Most people do not have any symptoms or merely have the symptoms of an underlying disease. If you have pericarditis, you may experience chest pain. The pain may come on suddenly. What causes pericarditis? What is acute pericarditis? What is chronic pericarditis? What is constrictive pericarditis? ... How is pericarditis treated? What causes pericarditis? Usually, pericarditis is the consequence of another disease, often an infection. The infection may be bacterial, viral, or occasionally, fungal. Some other diseases which cause pericarditis are: kidney failure, tuberculosis, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic fever, lupus, and scleroderma.

14. Virtual Naval Hospital: General Medical Officer Manual: Clinical Section Acute pericarditis, caused by inflammation of the pericardium, manifests as chest pain, a pericardial friction rub, and http://www.vnh.org/GMO/ClinicalSection/11Pericarditis.html

General Medical Officer (GMO) Manual: Clinical Section: Cardiovascular Disorders Pericarditis Department of the Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed (1) Introduction Acute pericarditis, caused by inflammation of the pericardium, manifests as chest pain, a pericardial friction rub, and has serial electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities. The incidence is 1/1000 hospital admissions. At autopsy, changes of pericarditis appear in 2 to 6 percent of cases. The majority of cases are idiopathic or postviral, but acute myocardial infarction, uremia, bacterial infection, tuberculosis, collagen-vascular disease, neoplasm, and trauma must be considered. (2) Symptoms suggestive of pericarditis Pericarditis chest pain occurs in the pericardium with a pleuritic component. Recumbency increases the pain, which often radiates to the trapezius ridge. Swallowing may exacerbate pain. Dyspnea results from pleural irritation or, on occasion, accumulation of a large pericardial effusion. Symptoms typically occur with an ongoing or preceding upper respiratory infection. Exertion may exacerbate chest pain, but the pleuritic nature and positional component persist. When pericarditis follows myocardial infarction, ischemic chest pain precedes. Coexistent symptoms of pneumonitis suggest a bacterial etiology, especially with high fever. Recurrent fevers, sweats, and weight loss suggest tuberculosis. Malignant pericarditis is usually metastatic with other clinical evidence of malignancy. Common primary tumors include lung, breast, melanoma, lymphoma, and leukemia.

15. Pericarditis Images of the different types of pericarditis. http://www.brisbio.ac.uk/ROADS/subject-listing/pericarditis.html

A collection of medical, dental and veterinary images for use in teaching. Home About the Archive FAQ Terms and Conditions ... Help Pericarditis Acute fibrinous pleuritis and pericarditis Acute pericarditis Fibrinous pericarditis Fibrinous pericarditis Fibrinous pericarditis Fibrinous pericarditis Fibrinous pericarditis Fibrinous pericarditis Fibrinous pericarditis Fibrinous pericarditis Organising pericarditis Organising pericarditis Pericarditis Pericarditis Pericarditis Pericarditis Staphylococcal pericarditis Traumatic pericarditis Traumatic pericarditis

16. Medic-Planet Symptoms, causes, treatment, progress and prevention of pericarditis. http://www.medic-planet.com/MP_article/internal_reference/Pericarditis

17. EMedicine - Pericarditis And Cardiac Tamponade : Article By Verena T Valley, MD pericarditis and Cardiac Tamponade pericarditis and cardiac tamponade are clinicalproblems involving the potential space surrounding the heart or pericardium http://www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic412.htm

document.write(''); (advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Emergency Medicine Cardiovascular Pericarditis and Cardiac Tamponade Last Updated: July 29, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: pericardium, pericardial complex AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Verena T Valley, MD , Director of Ultrasound, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine Coauthor(s): Christopher A Fly, MD , Ultrasound Fellow, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center Editor(s): David A Peak, MD , Instructor, Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD , Senior Pharmacy Editor, Pharmacy, eMedicine; Eric Legome, MD

18. EMedicine - Pericarditis, Viral : Article By Poothirikovil Venugopalan, MBBS, MD pericarditis, Viral Both viral and bacterial infections may involve the pericardium(pericarditis), although viral pericarditis is more common in both http://www.emedicine.com/PED/topic2524.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Pediatrics Cardiology Pericarditis, Viral Last Updated: April 4, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: myopericarditis, bacterial pericarditis, constrictive pericarditis, inflammation of the pericardium AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Poothirikovil Venugopalan, MBBS, MD, MRCP (UK), FRCPCH , Consulting Staff, Department of Child Health, Division of Cardiology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman Poothirikovil Venugopalan, MBBS, MD, MRCP (UK), FRCPCH, is a member of the following medical societies: Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health Editor(s): Ira H Gessner, MD , Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine; Robert Konop, PharmD , Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Section of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota; Hugh D Allen, MD

19. Lycos Health With Webmd Pericarditis Definition, causes, incidence and risk factors, symptoms, signs and tests, treatment, expectations, prognosis, complications and prevention. http://webmd.lycos.com/content/asset/adam_disease_pericarditis2

20. OTHER TYPES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE A look at infective endocarditis, pericarditis, myocarditis, and cardiomyopathy. Discussion on each about diagnosis, treatment and prevention. http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/texts/guide/hmg16_0004.html

Heart and Blood Vessel Diseases OTHER TYPES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE Heart attacks and stroke are the most common of the life-threatening cardiovascular diseases, but there are a number of other conditions that should be considered in any review of this system. Some of these involve diseases arising in other organ systems that affect the cardiovascular system. Examples include diabetes and other endocrine diseases, various blood disorders, chronic pulmonary diseases, kidney failure, certain rheumatoid diseases, syphilis, and some types of cancer. These are discussed in greater detail in the chapters dealing with the primary disorders. Covered in this section are cardiovascular disorders that may not occur as frequently as heart attacks, hypertension, or stroke but are still relatively common or serious enough that people should at least be aware of the warning signs. INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS DEFINITION Endocarditis is one of several inflammatory conditions affecting the heart. As its name implies, endocarditis is an inflammation of the heart's inner lining, the endocardium. CAUSE In bacterial endocarditis, colonies of microorganisms form wartlike growths on the endocardium, usually the portion that lines the heart valves. These colonies, which also contain blood cells and other material such as fibrin (a protein instrumental in blood clotting), can eventually destroy the heart valves; the bacteria also may travel through the bloodstream to other parts of the body (see figure

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