1. Medinfo: German Measles Or Rubella Easy to understand information for patients on German measles, a mild viral illness caused by the rubella virus. Written by a UK general practitioner. http://www.medinfo.co.uk/conditions/rubella.html

index search health books site map German Measles or Rubella German measles is a mild viral illness caused by the rubella virus. It causes a mild feverish illness associated with a rash, and aches in the joints when it affects adults. The major reason for any attention being devoted to the eradication of this condition is the nasty effects that it has on the unborn baby (known as a fetus), when a pregnant woman catches it in early pregnancy. Symptoms Children are not usually affected too badly, and often the first manifestation is the rash. This is a fine, pink rash spreading from the forehead and face downwards. The rash may last for 1 to 5 days. There are often some of the glands (lymph nodes) enlarged, especially behind the ears and on the back of the head. Adults often feel more unwell before the rash appears, and may have pains in the joints rather like arthritis. Complications Risk Damage to unborn fetus (multiple defects common) 9 out of 10 pregnancies (in the first 8 to 10 weeks) Damage to unborn fetus 1 in 5 to 10 (between 10 and 16 weeks) After 16 weeks damage is rare Bleeding disorders 1 in 3000 Encephalitis 1 in 6000 Causes The cause is the rubella virus. The incubation period, from exposure to the appearance of the rash, is usually 14 to 21 days.

2. Sense - UK Deafblind Charity - Information And Support UK deaf and blind charity provides information and advice about Usher syndrome, rubella in pregnancy and CHARGE support. Make donations online to Sense (M) http://www.sense.org.uk/

Enter Viewing Options Sense is the UK's leading organisation for people who are deafblind or have associated disabilities. Deafblindness - a combination of sight and hearing loss - is one of the most challenging disabilities someone can face. Yet given the right services and support, deafblind people can develop their talents and choose how they wish to live their lives.

3. MEDLINEplus: Rubella Topics. rubella. Contents Women. Search MEDLINE for recent research articleson rubella • General • Congenital rubella syndrome. You http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/rubella.html

Skip navigation Other health topics: A B C D ... List of All Topics Rubella Contents of this page: From the NIH General/Overviews Diagnosis/Symptoms Pictures/Diagrams ... Women Search MEDLINE for recent research articles on Rubella: General Congenital rubella syndrome You may also be interested in these MEDLINEplus related pages: Childhood Immunization Child and Teen Health Infections From the National Institutes of Health Rubella (German Measles) (Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction) General/Overviews JAMA Patient Page: Rubella (American Medical Association) Also available in: Spanish Rubella - In Short (National Immunization Program) Diagnosis/Symptoms Neck Swelling: Self-Care Flowcharts (American Academy of Family Physicians) Pictures/Diagrams Rubella (Immunization Action Coalition) Prevention/Screening Facts About Rubella For Adults (National Foundation for Infectious Diseases) Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine (MMR): What You Need to Know (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also available in: Spanish Rubella Test (American Association for Clinical Chemistry) Specific Conditions/Aspects (National Immunization Program) Rubella: Health Information for International Travel, 2001-2002

4. Www.rubella.net Archive of news articles and references regarding medical policy issues.Category Regional North America Society and Culture Politics...... http://www.rubella.net/

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5. Facts About Rubella For Adults Facts About rubella For Adults. What is rubella? rubella is also spread by directcontact with the nasal or throat secretions of an infected person. http://www.nfid.org/factsheets/rubellaadult.html

Facts About Rubella For Adults What is rubella? Rubella, also called German measles, is caused by a virus that is spread from person to person when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Rubella is also spread by direct contact with the nasal or throat secretions of an infected person. If a pregnant woman gets rubella during the first 3 months of pregnancy, her baby is at risk of having serious birth defects or dying. Prevention There is a safe and effective vaccine to protect against rubella. The vaccine is frequently given to adults as part of a combination vaccine, called the MMR vaccine, that protects against measles, mumps and rubella. There is also a vaccine that protects against rubella only. Symptoms Symptoms of rubella may include a rash, slight fever, aching joints, headaches, discomfort, runny nose and reddened eyes. The rash first appears on the face and spreads from head to toe. The lymph nodes just behind the ears and at the back of the neck may swell, causing soreness and pain. Many people with rubella have few or no symptoms, and only about half of the people who have the disease get a rash. In most cases of rubella, symptoms appear within 16-18 days after exposure. Who should get MMR vaccine?

6. Baby Planning Time - German Measles (rubella) Find out about German measles (rubella)and why it is important for you to test your immunity to it if you are planning to have a baby. http://www.mothersbliss.co.uk/planning/rubella.asp

The only place you need for expectant mums, new born babies, mothers and young families Call us from the UK on 0208 925 6150 or internationally on +44 208 925 6150 What do you want to find? Home Shopping Pregnancy Planning During Pregnancy ... Baby's First Year Select Page Can you afford it? What can he do? Checklist FAQs Conception .. fertile days .. ovulation .. ejaculation .. fertilisation .. implantation .. assisted (IVF) Contraception .. contraception .. male pill .. unplanned Failure? .. reasons .. is there hope .. cancer .. no father Health .. diet .. folic acid .. exercise .. medication .. miscarriage .. work risk .. rubella .. smoking .. stress sex of your baby Mother's Best Friends About Us Contact Us Privacy Contact Us PO Box 240, Loughton, IG10 1ZB, UK Tel: +44 (0)208 9256150 e-mail: info@mothersbliss.com Baby planning time - German measles IMMUNITY TO RUBELLA (GERMAN MEASLES) Rubella can cause heart and brain defects, deafness and cataract in your unborn baby. It is strongly recommended that if your pregnancy is planned, have a blood test to determine if you are immune to rubella before you start trying to conceive. Although rubella is not dangerous for you, it can have very serious implications for your unborn baby if the infection is contracted during pregnancy (the risk being highest in the first three months).

7. Page Moved - Rubella Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, Second Edition Screening for rubella Including Immunization of Adolescents and Adults Routine screening for rubella susceptibility by history of vaccination or by serology is recommended for all women of http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/consumer/rubella.htm

location.href="/nysdoh/communicable_diseases/en/rubella.htm"; Page moved click here if your browser does not forward you to the new page. http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/communicable_diseases/en/rubella.htm

8. Immunization Action Coalition - Rubella 2 Congenital rubella syndrome Click here for a larger image size. Click here for the largest image size . Courtesy of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention infant born with rubella http://www.immunize.org/images/ca.d/ipcd1861/img0018.htm

Congenital rubella syndrome Image Click here for a larger image size. Click here for the largest image size Courtesy of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention infant born with rubella Photos index Home Page Immunization Action Coalition 1573 Selby Avenue St. Paul MN 55104 E-mail: admin@immunize.org Web: http://www.immunize.org/ Tel: (651) 647-9009 Fax: (651) 647-9131 This page was updated on June 26, 2002

9. MMR Autism Report Summary Immunization safety review of the MeaslesMumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism. Report commissioned by the National Academies, Institute of Medicine. http://www.iom.edu/IOM/IOMHome.nsf/Pages/MMR Autism Summary

Immunization Safety Review: Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine and Autism Immunization is widely regarded as one of the world's most effective tools for protecting public health. In the United States alone, child-vaccination programs have resulted in the elimination of smallpox and polio and rendered once-common, often debilitating, and potentially life-threatening infectious diseasessuch as diphtheria, pertussis, and measlesexceedingly un common. But along with these benefits have come concerns about safety, making some immunization policies a subject of public debate. One such issue is whether or not the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine causes autistic spectrum disorders (ASD), frequently referred to simply as autism. The MMR vaccine, which comprises three vaccines given in a single shot, has been extremely successful in virtually eliminating measles, mumps, and rubella in the United States. Measles cases, for example, dropped from over 400,000 per year in the pre-vaccine era to only 100 in 1999. However, these diseases remain a serious threat in other parts of the world where children are not routinely vaccinated. Measles alone resulted in over a million deaths in children around the world last year. Some parents and researchers are concerned though that the MMR vaccine might cause ASD. Autistic spectrum disorders are incurable, permanent diseases that result in serious developmental problems in children. Although scientists generally agree that most cases of ASD result from events that occur in the prenatal period or shortly after birth, there is considerable concern because autistic symptoms typically do not emerge until the child's second yearabout the same time the MMR vaccine is first administered. In addition, there are concerns that the introduction of wide-scale use of MMR coincides with an apparent increase in the incidence of autism.

10. MEDLINEplus Medical Encyclopedia: Rubella rubella. measles. Definition Return to top rubella is a contagiousviral infection with mild symptoms associated with a rash. Causes http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001574.htm

Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Rubella Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Prevention Illustrations Rubella on an infant's back Rubella Antibodies Alternative names Return to top Three day measles; German measles Definition Return to top Rubella is a contagious viral infection with mild symptoms associated with a rash Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top The disease is caused by a virus that is spread through the air or by close contact. It can also be transmitted to a fetus by a mother with an active infection, causing severe disease in the fetus. In children and adults, rubella is usually mild and may even go unnoticed. Children generally have few symptoms, but adults may experience fever headache malaise , and a runny nose before the rash appears. A person can transmit the disease from 1 week before the onset of the rash, until 1-2 weeks after the rash disappears. The disease is less contagious than rubeola measles ). Lifelong

11. INFPREG | Röda Hund (Rubella) Om symptom, behandling och om hur man undvikar sjukdomen. Med s¤rskild fokus p¥ gravida kvinnor och nyf¶dda barns sv¥righeter. http://193.10.76.33/infpreg/allinfo/main.asp?topic=18

12. Sense - Remember RUBELLA Remember rubella Because you'll never forget what rubella can do. Includes informationabout the MMR vaccination. Because you'll never forget what rubella http://www.sense.org.uk/rememberrubella/

Change viewing options Visit Sense's website Because you'll never forget what Rubella can do Read the latest research Read the latest news about MMR and Rubella MMR is in the news again and many parents are concerned about whether their child should receive the vaccination. Sense is worried that parents may not understand how damaging rubella can be and that a drop in immunisation may lead to a rubella epidemic. If you're thinking about immunisation, please consider the damage that rubella could do - to you, your child, grandchild or someone else's child. This website gives more information about rubella and about the effects of rubella We believe that parents have the right to make an informed choice about vaccination, based on all the information available - but Sense is confident that the MMR vaccination is the safest way to protect your child and other children. A detailed discussion of MMR and single vaccines is available in Rubella and MMR Get Adobe Acrobat here.

13. Peperomia Rubella {Peperomiaceae} #198500328 L:1101 Q:2 http://florawww.eeb.uconn.edu/acc_num/198500328.html

Goto Family Index Location Images: Click to Enlarge More Accessions in the Peperomiaceae : Peperomia acuminata Peperomia amphiplexus Peperomia clusifolia Peperomia columella ... Peperomia resedaeflora Peperomia rubella Peperomia serpens Peperomia serpens `Tena' Peperomia unidentified Peperomia unidentified ... Peperomia urocarpa Weather: Current Radar: Cloudcover Animation Radar Animation US Severe Weather Contact: Clinton Morse Plant Growth Facility Manager 75 North Eagleville Rd., Unit 3043 Storrs, CT 06269-3043 Last Updated: March 13, 2003 Peperomia rubella (Haw.) Hook. General information: Query NCU-3e Common Name: Family: Peperomiaceae (Miq.) Wettst. ( ~Piperaceae) Country of Origin: Habitat: Accession Data: Accession #: Source: Unknown Accession Date: Bench: 1101 - Gesneriads, Acanthaceae Qty: 2 confirmed on 02/06/03 Classification: Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida SubClass: Magnoliidae Order: Piperales SubOrder: Family: Peperomiaceae SubFamily: Tribe: SubTribe: Based upon: Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M. J. (1992 onwards). ‘The Families of Flowering Plants: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval.’ Version: 19th August 1999. http://biodiversity.uno.edu/delta/. Search Internet: Search Google for this taxon Search Metacrawler for this taxon Historical Data Historical Data has been moved here This website contains a large amount of information regarding the plants housed in our diverse collections. This information is gathered from a wide variety of electronic, print and other sources. We have included reference information on each page to denote the original source of such information.

14. Rubella 11 The name rubella is derived from latin, meaning little red. It was initially considered to be a variant of measles or scarlet fever and was called third disease. It was not until 1814 that it was first http://www.cdc.gov/nip/publications/pink/rubella.pdf

15. Redirecting... The American Academy of Pediatrics answers parents' questions about immunizations, including information about the MeaslesMumps-rubella vaccine and alleged links to autism. http://www.aap.org/new/immpublic.htm

16. Holborn Medical Services, Consultations And Single Measles, Mumps And Rubella Va Medical centre offering single measles, mumps and rubella vaccinations as an alternative to the MMR triple vaccine. Includes information about the vaccines, prices and appointments. http://www.holbornmedicalservices.com

Holborn Medical Services in London. Dr Richard Halvorsen and Dr Alex Moghissi offer medical consultations and single Measles, Mumps and Rubella vaccinations as an alternative to the triple MMR vaccine. document.write(" "+dayarray[day]+", "+montharray[month]+" "+daym+", "+year+" ") Information: MMR Single Antigen Measles, Mumps and Rubella (German Measles) as an alternative to the MMR triple vaccine. Click here for general information, FAQ's and appointments. Alternatively you can download and printout our MMR Information Pack which includes the forms and information available on this web site. Microsoft 'Word' PC format PDF 'Acrobat' Mac / PC format

17. [Clinical Preventive Services] Screening For Rubella -- Including Immunization O Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, Second Edition Infectious Diseases Screeningfor rubella Including Immunization of Adolescents and Adults. rubella. http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/texts/gcps/gcps0042.html

Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, Second Edition Infectious Diseases Screening for Rubella Including Immunization of Adolescents and Adults RECOMMENDATION Routine screening for rubella susceptibility by history of vaccination or by serology is recommended for all women of childbearing age at their first clinical encounter. Susceptible nonpregnant women should be offered rubella vaccination; susceptible pregnant women should be vaccinated immediately after delivery. An equally acceptable alternative for nonpregnant women of childbearing age is to offer vaccination against rubella without screening (see Clinical Intervention). There is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against screening or routine vaccination of young men in settings where large numbers of susceptible young adults of both sexes congregate, such as military bases and colleges. Routine screening or vaccination of other young men, of older men, and of postmenopausal women is not recommended. Burden of Suffering Rubella is generally a mild illness; when contracted by pregnant women, however, especially those in the first 16 weeks of pregnancy, it frequently causes serious complications including miscarriage, abortion, stillbirth, and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS).1,2 The 1964 rubella pandemic in the U.S. caused over 12 million infections, 11,000 fetal losses, and 20,000 cases of CRS in infants.3 The most common manifestations of CRS are hearing loss, developmental delay, growth retardation, and cardiac and ocular defects.1,2 The lifetime costs of treating a patient with CRS were estimated in 1985 to exceed $220,000.3

18. Rubella CERHR rubella (German Measles) (5/24/02). More than 20,000 babies wereborn with birth defects during an outbreak of rubella in 196465. http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov/genpub/topics/rubella-ccae.html

home about CERHR news CERHR chemicals ... contact us CERHR: Rubella (German Measles) Rubella Information from the March of Dimes NOAH, 1999 Facts What Is Rubella? What Risks Does Rubella Pose for the Fetus? ... Links to Useful Information Facts Rubella (German measles) is a mild childhood illness that poses a serious threat to the fetus, if the mother contracts the illness during pregnancy. More than 20,000 babies were born with birth defects during an outbreak of rubella in 1964-65. The same outbreak also resulted in at least 10,000 miscarriages and stillbirths. Fortunately, major outbreaks of rubella no longer occur in this country. Since 1969, when a vaccine for rubella became available, children have been routinely vaccinated, helping to prevent the spread of the illness to susceptible pregnant women. Most women of childbearing age are immune to rubella because they either were vaccinated or had the illness during childhood. Because of widespread use of the vaccine, birth defects caused by rubella have become rare. However, since small outbreaks of rubella continue to occur, the potential for susceptible pregnant women to become infected continues to exist. As many as 2 in 10 women of childbearing age are susceptible to rubella. Women can protect their future children from the effects of rubella by getting tested for immunity prior to pregnancy and being vaccinated if they are not immune.

19. BBC News | Health | Parents Reassured On Vaccine Doctors say there is no link between a vaccine for mumps, measles and rubella, and autism or bowel disease in children. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/365830.stm

Front Page World UK UK Politics ... Help Friday, June 11, 1999 Published at 13:32 GMT 14:32 UK Health Parents reassured on vaccine MMR vaccination can prevent disabling and even fatal diseases Medical researchers have given parents the strongest reassurance yet that the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine will not cause their children to develop autism. And they emphasised that there is no link between bowel disease and the jab. The BBC's Fergus Walsh: "Two major studies have ruled out any link with autism or bowel disease" Experts have also warned if confidence in the vaccine, known as MMR, does not return, new epidemics of childhood diseases could break out in as little as three years. Two new studies published in "The Lancet" on Friday show there is no link between the introduction of the vaccine and the sharp rise in autism diagnosed in children. Doctors and government health experts are now hoping the new findings will convince parents who have shunned the jabs that they are safe. 'Mothers must trust MMR' Professor Brent Taylor, of the Royal Free Medical School in north London, which carried out the research, said it was important mothers began to trust MMR again.

20. Rubella rubella. Current Case Definition for Surveillance The clinical case.Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is also reportable. Photo http://edcp.org/html/rubella.html

EDCP Mission/Vision General Information on Bioterrorism Bioterrorism Information for Health Care Provide rs ... ImmuNet Rubella Current Case Definition for Surveillance Photo Courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Immunization Historical Trends (see graphs below) Rubella can be a disastrous disease in early gestation, leading to fetal death, premature delivery, and an array of congenital defects in up to 85% of infants infected in the first trimester. In the pre-vaccine era, epidemics of rubella occurred every six to nine years in the United States, with the last major epidemic in 1964-1965 resulting in 12.5 million cases of rubella and 20,000 cases of CRS. The estimated lifetime cost of one case of CRS today is in excess of $200,000. In Maryland, the last epidemic of rubella involving thousands of cases was also during 1964, when 3,583 cases were reported. Over 10,000 cases were reported in 1941, the largest epidemic recorded in the state. In contrast, no more than six cases have been reported in any one-year since 1983. Only one case has been reported since the last publication of this report, with onset in 1995.

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