81. DHHS, Tasmania - Public And Environmental Health - Rubella rubella. An infection caused by the rubella virus. Ninety damage). The risklowers to about 10 to 20% if the mother gets rubella at 16 weeks. http://www.dhhs.tas.gov.au/publichealth/communicablediseases/rubella.html

search services help contacts ... all site updates rubella : communicable diseases public health Rubella An infection caused by the rubella virus. Ninety per cent of pregnancies where the mother has suffered from rubella in the first 8-10 weeks risk damage to the unborn child. Multiple defects are common (deafness, blindness, brain and heart damage). The risk lowers to about 10 to 20% if the mother gets rubella at 16 weeks. The risk lessens the further pregnant the woman is. However, there have been reports of defects up to 20 weeks. Fast Facts All pregnant women with suspected rubella or exposure to rubella should seek specialist obstetric advice, regardless of a history of rubella or rubella vaccination. Rubella is a Notifiable Disease.

82. RUBELLA ABs MAb 16 Product 10190 Specific for E1 and reacts on Western Blots with reducedor non-reduced antigens. IgG2a with K light chain. Exhibits low HI activity. http://www.viralantigens.com/html/rubella_abs.html

MAb 1-6 Product Specific for E1 and reacts on Western Blots with reduced or non-reduced antigens. IgG2a with K light chain. Exhibits low HI activity. Neutralizes infectivity. MAb 2-6 Product Specific for E1 and reacts with non-reduced antigens only. IgG2a with K light chain. Exhibits high level HI activity. Neutralizes infectivity. MAb 2-36 Product Specific for C protein and reacts with reduced or non-reduced antigens on Western Blots. IgG1 with K chain. No HI activity. No neutralization of infectivity. MAb 26-24 Product Specific for E2 and reacts with reduced or non-reduced antigens on Western Blots. IgG1 with K chain. No HI activity. Low level neutralization of infectivity. MAb 2-42 Product Specific for E1 and reacts only with non-reduced antigens on Western Blots. IgG2a with K chain. Exhibits high level HI activity. Exhibits neutralizing activity. MAb 2-13 Product Specific for E1 and reacts on non-reduced antigens. IgG2a with K light chain. Exhibits high level HI activity. No neutralization of infectivity. MAb 3-7 Product Specific for E1 and reacts on non-reduced antigens.

83. Rubella: Page 1/11 rubella Radial Haemolysis. Since it is a relatively cheap test, it has been used toscreen for rubella virus antibody in recent national vaccination campaigns. http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/LabWork/rub/rub1.htm

LabWork Rubella Radial Haemolysis This assay is widely used as a rapid screening method for the presence of antibodies to a haemagglutinating virus. Detection of these antibodies is based on complement-mediated lysis of sensitized erythrocytes suspended in an agarose gel. Since it is a relatively cheap test, it has been used to screen for rubella virus antibody in recent national vaccination campaigns. NEXT AJC

84. Rubella News Memo. Sponsored by LawMemo.Com. News Reports update frequently. Werecommend refreshing your browser. rubella Medical Abortion AIDS http://www.newsroar.com/nr/news/med/q-rubella.htm

Hundreds of Topics News R O AR .Com Thousands of Sources Home Big Stories Weather Disasters ... ROAR Someone you know should be reading Employment Law Memo and NLRB Law Memo Sponsored by News Reports update frequently. We recommend refreshing your browser. Rubella Medical Abortion AIDS Alzheimers Ambulances ... ROAR This web site is sponsored by LawMemo .Com

85. Rubella | Vhihealthe rubella. Further Reading. Books Cooper, Louis Z. rubella. In Rudolph's Pediatrics,20th ed., edited by MM Rudolph, JIE Hoffman, and CD Rudolph. http://www2.vhihealthe.com/topic/rubella

You are here: Home Children's Health Rubella Related topics: Measles Mumps Davidson, Tish Below: Definition Description Causes and symptoms Diagnosis ... Resources Definition Rubella is a highly contagious viral disease, spread through contact with discharges from the nose and throat of an infected person. Although rubella causes only mild symptoms of low fever, swollen glands, joint pain, and a fine red rash in most children and adults, it can have severe complications for women in their first trimester of pregnancy. These complications include severe birth defects or death of the fetus. Description Rubella is also called German measles or three-day measles. This disease was once a common childhood illness, but its occurrence has been drastically reduced since vaccine against rubella became available in 1969. In the 20 years following the introduction of the vaccine, reported rubella cases dropped 99.6%. Only 229 cases of rubella were reported in the United States in 1996. Rubella is spread through contact with fluid droplets expelled from the nose or throat of an infected person. A person infected with the rubella virus is contagious for about seven days before any symptoms appear and continues to be able to spread the disease for about four days after the appearance of symptoms. Rubella has an incubation period of 12-23 days. Although rubella is generally considered a childhood illness, people of any age who have not been vaccinated or previously caught the disease can become infected. Having rubella once or being immunized against rubella normally gives lifetime immunity. This is why vaccination is so effective in reducing the number of rubella cases.

86. *** Vaccinations And Childhood Immunizations :: Information Website *** The laboratory criteria for diagnosis is isolation of rubella virus, or a significantrise in rubella antibody level by any standard serologic assay, or http://www.avn.org.au/Vaccination Information/Rubella.htm

Rubella - Studies Meruvax - Manufacturer's Information (Package Insert) Definition Source: http://edcp.org/html/rubella.html HOME REPORT A REACTION JOIN THE AVN ... LINKS AVN SHOP Books Packs Videos Merchandise Information is based on the best available resources. Opinions reflect judgment at the time and are subject to change. Privacy Search Engine Optimisation by 1st Place Design document.write('<'); document.write('! ');

87. FamilyFun: Health Encyclopedida: Rubella (German Measles) An excerpt on rubella (german measles) from the Disney Encyclopedia ofBaby and Child Care. rubella (GERMAN MEASLES), This viral disease http://familyfun.go.com/raisingkids/child/health/childhealth/dony89enc_rube/

Search FamilyFun shortcuts Parenting Tools Field Guide to Parenting Parent Problem Solver Pregnancy Calendar Baby Name Finder ... Article Library Parenting Checklists Immunizations Nursery Planner Holidays All Checklists Parenting Experts Jan Faull, Child Development Dominic Cappello, Learning All Experts parent ... to parent Get tips, support Parenting Boards Expecting Potty Training Sleep Stay-at-Home Moms ... E-Cards Creative. Fun. Free. Catching up is easy to do. Send an E-Card RUBELLA (GERMAN MEASLES) This viral disease is generally mild in small children. However, when it is acquired during pregnancy, rubella can be truly devestating. Rubella infection in a pregnant woman can cause a wide range of serious birth defects in up to 60 percent of infants exposed during the first month of gestation. Those defects may include heart and eye abnormalities, deafness, low birth rate, encephalitis (brain inflammation) and liver and kidney malfunction. Fortunately, a rubella vaccine was licensed in 1969 and currently is given in conjunction with measles and mumps vaccines at age 15 months, followed in most areas by a booster at school entry. (For more information on this and other vaccines, see Immunizations ). Thanks to rubella immunization, the number of cases of congenital rubella has fallen drastically in the past 20 years. Even so, small outbreaks of rubella occasionally occur, mainly among adults who neither had the disease nor received the immunization.

88. Tulsaworld.com Health GERMAN MEASLES (rubella, Three day measles) rubella is a contagiousviral infection with mild symptoms associated with a rash. Causes http://www.tulsaworld.com/health/HealthInfectious_GerMeasle.asp

Search Health Health Home Everyday Health Home Infectious Illnesses Bacterial Gastroenteritis Chicken Pox Cold Sore ... Whooping Cough Men's Health 10 Leading Causes of Men's Death Acne Back Pain ... Weight LINKS Seasonal Travel Health Children/Youth Health GERMAN MEASLES (Rubella, Three day measles) Rubella is a contagious viral infection with mild symptoms associated with a rash. Causes and risks The disease is caused by a virus that is spread through the air or by close contact. It can also be transmitted to a fetus by a mother with an active infection, causing severe disease in the fetus. In children and adults, rubella is usually mild and may even go unnoticed. Children generally have few symptoms, but adults may experience fever, headache, malaise, and a runny nose before the rash appears. A person can transmit the disease from 1 week before the onset of the rash, until 1-2 weeks after the rash disappears. The disease is less contagious than rubeola (measles). Lifelong immunity to the disease follows infection, and there is a safe and effective vaccine to prevent rubella. Rubella is most serious because of its ability to produce defects in a developing fetus if the mother is infected during early pregnancy. Congenital rubella syndrome occurs in 25% or more of infants born to women who acquired rubella during the first trimester of pregnancy.

89. Rubella MAIN SEARCH INDEX rubella. rubella is a highly contagious viral disease, spread throughcontact with discharges from the nose and throat of an infected person. http://www.hendrickhealth.org/healthy/001209.htm

MAIN SEARCH INDEX Rubella Definition Description Causes and symptoms Diagnosis ... Resources Definition Rubella is a highly contagious viral disease, spread through contact with discharges from the nose and throat of an infected person. Although rubella causes only mild symptoms of low fever , swollen glands, joint pain , and a fine red rash in most children and adults, it can have severe complications for women in their first trimester of pregnancy . These complications include severe birth defects or death of the fetus. Description Rubella is also called German measles or three-day measles. This disease was once a common childhood illness, but its occurrence has been drastically reduced since vaccine against rubella became available in 1969. In the 20 years following the introduction of the vaccine, reported rubella cases dropped 99.6%. Only 229 cases of rubella were reported in the United States in 1996. Rubella is spread through contact with fluid droplets expelled from the nose or throat of an infected person. A person infected with the rubella virus is contagious for about seven days before any symptoms appear and continues to be able to spread the disease for about four days after the appearance of symptoms. Rubella has an incubation period of 12-23 days. Although rubella is generally considered a childhood illness, people of any age who have not been vaccinated or previously caught the disease can become infected. Having rubella once or being immunized against rubella normally gives lifetime immunity. This is why

90. Aventis Pasteur MSD UK What is rubella? Who is at risk? What are the complications of rubella?rubella screening Preventions of rubella For further http://www.apmsd.co.uk/disease/dis_rubella.html

Introduction Diphtheria Hepatitis A Hepatitis B ... Rabies Rubella Tetanus Tick-borne Encephalitis Tuberculosis Typhoid Fever ... Preventions of Rubella Rubella or German measles as it is commonly known, is a mild infectious disease caused by a virus. It is characterised by a rash, swollen glands and fever in those individuals who contract it and develop symptoms however many individuals have no symptoms. If it is contracted during the first eight to ten weeks of pregnancy, there is a 90% chance of damage to the unborn child with multiple defects present at birth. This is known as Congenital Rubella Syndrome. Rubella is spread via droplet infection that is respiratory secretions of an infected person to one who is not immune - coughs and sneezes. The incubation period is 14-21 days and the patient is infectious from one week before until four days after the rash appears. top While rubella is a mild disease in children it is a major threat to women in the first trimester of pregnancy Before the introduction of rubella vaccine in the 1970s, Congenital Rubella Syndrome was relatively common in Europe. Cases of rubella fell dramatically after the introduction of MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine in various countries. With many countries in Europe, including the UK, having now introduced a second dose of MMR (given at pre-school age), the figures for rubella continue to fall. A further benefit following the introduction of MMR vaccine has been the reduction in the number of therapeutic abortions in Europe.

91. Rubella VIROLOGY CHAPTER FIFTEEN. rubella (GERMAN MEASLES) VIRUS. TEACHING OBJECTIVES. Mumpsand measles viruses are members of the Paramyxovirus family. rubella. http://www.med.sc.edu:85/mhunt/rubella.htm

Dr. Margaret Hunt MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY, MBIM 650/720 READING: Murray et al., Microbiology, 3rd Ed., Chapter 59 pp. 499-502 VIROLOGY - CHAPTER FIFTEEN RUBELLA (GERMAN MEASLES) VIRUS TEACHING OBJECTIVES Brief review of structure and properties of rubella virus. Discussion of viral pathogenesis and disease, epidemiology, prevention and treatment. Figure 1 Electron micrograph of rubella virus CDC/Dr. Erskine Palmer INTRODUCTION Infections with measles, mumps and rubella viruses are confined to man and occur worldwide. They are all spread primarily via the aerosol route. Each of these viruses exists as a single serotype. MMR vaccine contains live, attenuated forms of all three of these viruses. Rubella virus is a member of the Togavirus family. Mumps and measles viruses are members of the Paramyxovirus family. RUBELLA Rubella (means "little red" also known as German measles) is a mild disease in children and adults, but can cause devastating problems if it infects the fetus , especially if infection is in the first few weeks of pregnancy.

92. Guidelines For The Control Of Infectious Diseases - Rubella rubella. Victorian Statutory Requirement. Group B notification for bothacute rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). http://www.dhs.vic.gov.au/phb/hprot/inf_dis/bluebook/rubella.htm

Public Health Division Department of Human Services Government of Victoria Australia home news ... about THE BLUE BOOK : Guidelines for the control of infectious diseases Contents Rubella Victorian Statutory Requirement Group B notification for both acute rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). School exclusion (acute rubella). lnfectious Agent Rubella virus. Clinical Features Rubella is a mild febrile viral illness characterised by a diffuse punctate and maculopapular rash. Children usually experience few or no constitutional symptoms but adults may experience a one- to five-day prodrome of low-grade fever, headache, malaise, mild coryza and conjunctivitis. Postauricular, occipital and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy is common and precedes the rash by five to 10 days. Complications include arthralgia and, less commonly, arthritis, particularly among adult females. Encephalitis is a rare complication. Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) occurs in less than 25 per cent of infants born to women who acquire rubella during the first trimester of pregnancy. Case Definition There is a generalised maculopapular rash and a fever, and one or more of:

93. Diseases And Conditions -- Discovery Health -- Rubella rubella By Danielle Zerr, MD. rubella, or German measles, is a viralinfection characterized by a rash. What is going on in the body? http://health.discovery.com/diseasesandcond/encyclopedia/382.html

rubella By Danielle Zerr, MD Rubella, or German measles, is a viral infection characterized by a rash. What is going on in the body? The rubella virus is spread when uninfected people come in contact with secretions from infected persons. Most frequently, this is due to exposure to droplets from coughs and sneezes and mucous from the nose. Rubella can also be passed from a mother to her fetus during pregnancy. What are the signs and symptoms of the infection? About half the time there are no symptoms. Symptoms that do occur are usually mild and begin about 2 to 3 weeks after acquiring the virus. Symptoms include slight fever and rash. The rash is not unique and may appear on the face first as flat or slightly raised red spots. It may then spread to the body, arms and legs. Low-grade fever for a day or two, followed by joint pains may occur. Some people have swelling and redness of the joints. Rarely, people may have low counts of cells involved in blood clotting, called platelets. Encephalitis (en-sef-ah-lite-is), an infection involving the brain, may also rarely occur. Infection in a fetus can cause many serious problems in the infant, including:

94. NELH VBL Page Measles, Mumps and rubella Vaccine (MMR) 15 Second summary The views of the MedicinesControl Agency and Department of Health on the controversy surrounding http://www.nelh.shef.ac.uk/nelh/kit/ch/docs.nsf/6455c0d1602e15b580256b37003ebc71

NHS Direct Online nhs.uk Department of Health Electronic Library for Social Care 31st Mar. 2003 NeLH Homepage Branch Libraries (kit based) Child Health Library Refresh=659269 Resources Welcome quick search Searching options Help about Search all categories- simple Search all categories- advanced Search guidelines - simple Search guidelines- advanced Search content pages- simple Search content pages- advanced Search useful links- simple Search useful links- advanced Search all (kit based) sites Knowledge List all documents List content pages only List guidelines only List useful links only Hitting the Headlines Hib Vaccination Catch up Campaign Childhood Epilepsy Review The Victoria Climbie Inquiry Asthma Guidelines Help about... Searching Key to icons Coding - our approach Coding - Dublin Core Coding - SNOMED Coding - MESH Coding - OMNI Coding - PICS Med-Certain XML XML **example (News view)** Jump to all docs. by Topic Adolescence Adolescent Care Adolescent Psychology Adrenal Hyperplasia - Congenital Alcohol Alcohol Drinking Allergy and Immunology Anaesthesia Apraxias Arthritis Aspirin Asthma Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Autistic Disorder Biological Therapy Blood Transfusion Body Weight Brain Neoplasms Breast Feeding Burns Cardiac Surgery Cardiology Cerebral Palsy Charity Child Child - Preschool Child Abuse Child Development Child Health Child Health Services Child Psychiatry Child Psychology Child Welfare Circumcision Communicable Diseases Community Health Nursing Congresses Conscious Sedation Contraception

95. Rubella rubella. . rubella also called German measles and or Three day measles.rubella is a contagious viral infection that is associated http://www.med-help.net/Rubella.html

Rubella Rubella: also called German measles and or Three day measles. Rubella is a contagious viral infection that is associated with a rash, inflamed eyes that may last one - to five days before the rash appears, fever, malaise, runny nose, and headache. Rubella is cause by a virus that is transmitted through the air or by close contact. An expecting mother who has this disease can transmit it to the fetus, and it can be very serious because it can cause defects to their unborn child. If the women is infected with Rubella in her first trimester, congenital rubella syndrome can occur, and defects are rare if the expecting mom contracted rubella after her 20th week of pregnancy. A person can transmit rubella from 7 days before rash appears and until 1 week after the rash disappears. Symptoms: Red rash Low grade fever Headache Malaise Runny nose Inflammation of the eyes Or the patient may experience no symptoms at all. Treatment: There is no specific treatment for Rubella. Other than- See your Doctor. Rest.

96. GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines - Disease Summary This information on rubella is excerpted from the Centers for Disease Control andPrevention (CDC), Epidemiology and Prevention of VaccinePreventable Diseases http://gskvaccines.com/vaccines/pages/disease_summary.jsp?disease=RUBELLA

97. Health Ency.: Disease: Rubella rubella See images. Definition rubella is a contagious viral infectionwith mild symptoms associated with a rash. Causes and Risks. http://www.accessatlanta.com/shared/health/adam/ency/article/001574.html

SEARCH: The Web Yellow Pages HOME AJC.COM Illustrated Health Encyclopedia Important notice Ency. home Disease R Rubella See images Overview Symptoms Treatment ... Prevention Alternative names: Three day measles; German measles Definition: Rubella is a contagious viral infection with mild symptoms associated with a rash Causes and Risks The disease is caused by a virus that is spread through the air or by close contact. It can also be transmitted to a fetus by a mother with an active infection, causing severe disease in the fetus. In children and adults, rubella is usually mild and may even go unnoticed. Children generally have few symptoms, but adults may experience fever headache malaise , and a runny nose before the rash appears. A person can transmit the disease from 1 week before the onset of the rash, until 1-2 weeks after the rash disappears. The disease is less contagious than rubeola measles ). Lifelong immunity to the disease follows infection, and there is a safe and effective vaccine to prevent rubella. Rubella is most serious because of its ability to produce defects in a developing fetus if the mother is infected during early pregnancy Congenital rubella syndrome occurs in 25% or more of infants born to women who acquired rubella during the first trimester of pregnancy Defects are rare if the infection occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy. One or more defects may occur in an infected fetus and include

98. Rubella rubella (German Measles). rubella (German Measles) is an infection caused bya virus. rubella spreads from person to person through the air or by touch. http://www.nwhu.on.ca/rubella.htm

FACTS ABOUT Rubella (German Measles) Rubella (German Measles) is an infection caused by a virus. Due to a very good vaccine that prevents most cases, rubella is no longer very common. Children are given this vaccine when they are 1 year old. Rubella may cause a mild illness with a low fever, swelling of the glands in the neck and behind the ears, and a rash with small red spots. Rubella spreads from person to person through the air or by touch. People with rubella can spread it from a few days before the rash starts until 5 to 7 days after. Children usually get a mild form of the infection, so mild that they do not show any signs of illness. The infection may also be very mild in adults, although it can create serious problems for pregnant women. If a woman gets rubella in the first three months of pregnancy, there is a very high chance of the unborn child dying or developing serious defects. A physician can diagnose rubella by doing a blood test. If the infection is found, there is no medication to cure it. Antibiotics are ineffective because rubella is caused by a virus. Things Parents Can Do Check immunization records to see if you and your child have had the rubella or MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine if another child has rubella.

99. Corporate Company Profile Press Release Management Board Of rubella, rubella Vaccine. Infection with rubella virus during the firsttrimester of pregnancy causes profound defects in the fetus. http://www.dictagene.ch/index.php?menu=14

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