61. New York City Department Of Health And Mental Hygiene- Communicable Disease - Sh shigellosis. What is shigellosis? shigellosis is a bacterial infection affectingthe intestinal tract. It is a fairly common disease. Who gets shigellosis? http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/cd/cdshig.html

New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Bureau of Communicable Disease Shigellosis What is shigellosis? Shigellosis is a bacterial infection affecting the intestinal tract. It is a fairly common disease. In 2001, there were 413 cases reported among New York City residents (rate of 5.2 cases per 100,000 persons). Who gets shigellosis? Anyone can get shigellosis, but it is recognized most often in young children. Those who may be at greater risk include children in day care centers, travelers to certain foreign countries, and individuals living in institutional settings. How is the Shigella germ spread? Shigella germs are found in the intestinal tract of infected people who in turn may contaminate food or water. The Shigella germ is spread by eating or drinking contaminated food or water, or by direct contact with an infected person. Sexual practices that allow oral or hand contact with stool (feces) may result in spread. What are the symptoms? People exposed to the Shigella germ may experience mild or severe diarrhea, often with fever, nausea, and cramps. There may be traces of blood or mucous in the stool. Some infected people may not show any symptoms. How soon after infection do symptoms appear?

62. Adult Health Advisor 2002.1: Food Poisoning: Shigellosis Food Poisoning shigellosis. What is shigellosis? shigellosis is an yourdoctor. How can I help prevent the spread of shigellosis? If http://www.med.umich.edu/1libr/aha/aha_shigillo_crs.htm

Adult Health Topics All Health Topics Find a UMHS Doctor Search Adult Topics Search All Topics T his information is not a tool for self-diagnosis or a substitute for medical treatment. You should speak to your physician or make an appointment to be seen if you have questions or concerns about this information or your medical condition. McKesson Clinical Reference Systems: Adult Health Advisor 2002.1 Food Poisoning: Shigellosis What is shigellosis? Shigellosis is an infection of the stomach and intestine that occurs when Shigella bacteria grow in the large intestine. Another name for shigellosis is bacillary dysentery. Shigellosis can be a problem where sanitation is poor and large groups of people, including carriers of the disease, are crowded together. It is becoming increasingly common in day care centers and homosexual populations. In children and the elderly, the illness can be severe and can be accompanied by dehydration (loss of body fluids), imbalance of chemicals in the body, and by shock. How does it occur?

63. Shigellosis shigellosis. Definition. shigellosis is an infection of the intestinaltract by a group of bacteria called Shigella. The http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/shigellosis.html

Encyclopedia Index S Home Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Index S Shigellosis Definition Shigellosis is an infection of the intestinal tract by a group of bacteria called Shigella . The bacteria is named in honor of Shiga, a Japanese researcher, who discovered the organism in 1897. The major symptoms are diarrhea , abdominal cramps, fever , and severe fluid loss ( dehydration ). Four different groups of Shigella can affect humans; of these, S. dysenteriae generally produces the most severe attacks, and S. sonnei the mildest. Description Shigellosis is a well-known cause of traveler's diarrhea and illness throughout the world. Shigella are extremely infectious bacteria, and ingestion of just 10 organisms is enough to cause severe diarrhea and dehydration. Shigella accounts for 10-20% of all cases of diarrhea worldwide, and in any given year infects over 140 million persons and kills 600,000, mostly children and the elderly. The most serious form of the disease is called dysentery, which is characterized by severe watery (and often blood- and mucous-streaked) diarrhea, abdominal cramping, rectal pain , and fever.

64. Infectious Disease Fact Sheet - Shigellosis Infectious Disease Fact Sheet. shigellosis (Bacillary dysentery). What isshigellosis? shigellosis gut). What are the symptoms of shigellosis? http://www2.state.id.us/dhw/cdp/factsheets/shigellosis_fact_sheet.htm

Division of Health Communicable Disease Prevention Infectious Disease Fact Sheet SHIGELLOSIS (Bacillary dysentery) What is shigellosis? Shigellosis (often just called shigella, the name of the bacteria that causes it) is an infection of the intestines (gut). What are the symptoms of shigellosis? It usually causes diarrhea (sometimes bloody), stomach ache, fever, nausea and maybe vomiting. The infection usually only lasts a few days to a week, even without treatment. However, some people get dehydrated and need fluids or need medicine (antibiotics) to help get over the infection. How is shigellosis spread? Shigella is only found in people. It is spread by what health workers call "fecal-oral" transmission. Infected human feces that gets into unchlorinated water, raw, uncooked foods or raw, unpasteurized milk can cause illness when it is swallowed. How long does it take from infection until a person gets sick? Most people get ill within 1-3 days of infection, but shigella can cause illness anywhere from 12 hours to 7 days after it is swallowed. How can shigellosis be prevented?

65. PersonalMD.com - Your Lifeline Online A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.S. shigellosis Go Back to Keywords List Page. Another name for shigellosis isbacillary dysentery. http://www.personalmd.com/Encyclopedia/summary/summary_1646_1.shtml

Home Noticias de Salud Family Centers Health Centers ... My Health Manager Search PersonalMD Services Family Health Women's Health Children's Health ... R S T U V W ... Z S Shigellosis [Go Back to Keywords List Page] Shigellosis Register About Us ... Help Center

66. Amebic Dysentery, Salmonella And Shigellosis (STDs) Amebic Dysentery, Salmonella and shigellosis. Advertisement. Amebic Dysentery, Salmonellaand shigellosis. What are Amebic Dysentery, Salmonella and shigellosis? http://www.sexhealth.org/std/salmonella.shtml

Better Sex Masturbation Sex Health Videos Sex And Aging STDs AIDS Chlamydia Crabs Genital Warts ... Yeast Infections Birth Control Safer Sex Sexual Problems Sex Tip of the Week Discussion Submit A Story Topics Past Polls Preferences Who Are We? Email Advertising Advertisement Amebic Dysentery, Salmonella and Shigellosis What are Amebic Dysentery, Salmonella and Shigellosis? Amebic dysentery, salmonella and shigellosis are diseases which have traditionally been associated with poor hygiene but can also be a problem for those engaging in anal sex. The bugs or pathogens contained in salmonella and shigellosis are bacteria; in amebic dysentery they are parasites. The infections caused by these diseases will eventually develop into parasitic infection of the bowel and cause serious intestinal damage. What are the symptoms of Amebic Dysentery, Salmonella and Shigellosis? Some people experience no symptoms at all; others experience conditions which may be dismissed as the flu. Common symptoms include upset stomach, cramps, vomiting, diarrhea and excessive gas. These symptoms are a result of the body attempting to rid the body of the parasites which are present. Advanced stages of these conditions may result in fever and chills. How are they contracted?

67. Communicable Diseases - Shigellosis shigellosis (bacillary dysentery). What is shigellosis? shigellosis is a highlycontagious, invasive infection of the intestines caused by Shigella bacteria. http://www.state.hi.us/doh/resource/comm_dis/cddshige.htm

Skip Menu Shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) What is shigellosis? Shigellosis is a highly contagious, invasive infection of the intestines caused by Shigella bacteria. Most of the cases of shigellosis occur in children 1 to 4 years old. Thus, shigellosis constitutes an important cause of outbreak illness in child care centers in the United States. How do you get it? You can get shigellosis by direct fecal-oral contact with an infected person. You can also get it by eating or drinking something contaminated with feces (solid wastes) from an infected person. Conditions of crowding, poor hygiene, and failure to wash the hands after using the toilet are major factors in the transmission of the disease. Shigellosis is not transmitted by coughing or sneezing. What are the symptoms of shigellosis? The symptoms include fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, watery diarrhea, and occasionally, traces of blood in the feces. The symptoms can range from mild to severe; some infected individuals may not have any signs of illness. When do symptoms start?

68. Vaccine Against Shigellosis November 20th, 2002 Press release. VACCINE AGAINST shigellosis. shigellosis killsevery year between 600 000 and one million children in tropical regions. http://www.pasteur.fr/actu/presse/press/02essai shigelle-E.htm

November 20th, 2002 Press release VACCINE AGAINST SHIGELLOSIS AGREEMENT BETWEEN HENOGEN AND THE INSTITUT PASTEUR The Institut Pasteur of Paris (France) and the biotech company Henogen (Belgium) announce their cooperation in the field of vaccination against Shigellosis, one of the deadliest diarrheic diseases in the world. Shigellosis kills every year between 600 000 and one million children in tropical regions. No wonder then that WHO gave a top priority for the development of a vaccine against diarrheic diseases. The new vaccine contains attenuated Shigella bacteria, innocuous but appropriate for the mounting of an efficient immune response in vaccinated individuals. The vaccinal Shigella bacterial strain, which results from inactivation of virulence genes, has been engineered in the research group headed by Dr. Philippe Sansonetti (a joint collaboration between Pasteur's Microbial Molecular Pathogeny Unit and INSERM U 389 research unit). Initial clinical trials, made by the US Army in 1999, demonstrated the efficiency of the vaccine in adult volunteers. Data of a phase I clinical trial, performed in Bangladesh (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, ICDDR, B of Dacca and WHO), have shown that the vaccine was well tolerated and immunogenic, as well in children than in adults. Infants, in particular, are most prone to infection and will be the principal beneficiaries of the new vaccine. Henogen is a biotech spin-off company of the University of Brussels. Located in Charleroi, Henogen owns GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) facilities and is agreed by the General Inspection of Pharmacy (Belgium) for the manufacture of biopharmaceutical drugs.

69. Deployments - Gulf War - Common Endemic Diseases - Shigellosis Common Endemic Diseases shigellosis. Etiologic agents Group A Shigelladysenteriae; Group B S. flexneri; Group C S. boydii; Group D S. sonnei. http://www.pdhealth.mil/deployments/gulfwar/shigel.asp

Advanced Search Gulf War Deployments Common Endemic Diseases Shigellosis Etiologic agents Group A: Shigella dysenteriae Group B: S. flexneri Group C: S. boydii Group D: S. sonnei Clinical Features The onset of clinical illness is often characterized by toxemia malaise , and high fever followed by several hours of watery diarrhea. The dysenteric phase which follows is manifested by lower abdominal cramps, tenesmus and the passage of scanty stools of blood and mucus. Reiter's syndrome is a late complication of S. flexneri infection, particularly among patients having the histocompatibility antigens HLA-B27. The hemolytic-uremic syndrome is a potential complication associated with S. dysenteriae infection. Transmission Transmitted primarily through the fecal-oral route. The ingestion of as few as 10 Shigella organisms can cause overt clinical illness.Detection of schistosome eggs in feces, urine, or rectal biopsy specimen. Less commonly transmitted by contaminated food or water. Houseflies may serve as mechanical vectors in many undeveloped areas.

70. NYC DOH Press Release - PR38-1297 - Health Advisory: Shigellosis Outbreak Identi HEALTH ADVISORY shigellosis OUTBREAK IDENTIFIED IN BROOKLYN. shigellosis primarilyaffects children under age five, but can occur in persons of all ages. http://www.ci.nyc.ny.us/nyclink/html/doh/html/public/press/pr381297.html

Press Release New York City Department of Health Office of External Affairs IMMEDIATE RELEASE: Thursday, December 4, 1997 Contact: Fred Winters HEALTH ADVISORY: SHIGELLOSIS OUTBREAK IDENTIFIED IN BROOKLYN Acting Health Commissioner Benjamin Mojica, M.D., announced that an outbreak of shigellosis, a diarrheal disease caused by the bacteria shigella , has been identified in the Borough Park, Flatbush, and Williamsburg sections of Brooklyn. Most of the cases are occurring in children under five years of age. The rate of shigellosis reported among young children in those neighborhoods is as much as 32 times higher than anywhere else in the city. Dr. Mojica said, "More than 120 laboratory-confirmed cases of shigellosis have been reported to the Health Department from Borough Park, Flatbush, and Williamsburg since July, compared with only 13 confirmed cases from those neighborhoods in the same months in 1996. However, since not everyone who has diarrhea gets a stool test, there are probably many more cases occurring. Large outbreaks of shigellosis have happened in Borough Park three times in the past ten years, and in 1987, it is estimated that more than 13,000 city residents were affected. "The most important measure to prevent new cases of shigellosis is careful and frequent handwashing with warm water and soap. Persons who care for children, whether at home or at school, are encouraged to help children wash their hands frequently, most importantly after using the toilet and before eating. All persons who take care of young children should wash their hands after changing diapers. Also, anybody who prepares food should wash their hands carefully before handling food." The Department of Health has sent information on preventive measures to parents, schools, and day care centers in the community.

71. Shigellosis Outbreak Declared Under Control Subscribe. Search. Survey. Click here, Sunday, January 13, 2002 shigellosis outbreakdeclared under control. shigellosis causes stomach cramps, fever and diarrhea. http://enquirer.com/editions/2002/01/13/loc_shigellosis_outbreak.html

var zflag_nid="215"; var zflag_cid="78/74/2"; var zflag_width="468"; var zflag_height="60"; Mar. 31, 2003 HOME LOCAL SPORTS BUSINESS ... Survey /* You may give each page an identifying name, server, and channel on the next lines. */ var pageName="" var server="" var channel="" var pageType="" var pageValue="" var prop1="" var prop2="" var prop3="" var prop4="" var prop5="" var prop6="news" var prop7="" var prop8="" var prop9="" var prop10="" /********* INSERT THE DOMAIN AND PATH TO YOUR CODE BELOW ************/ /********** DO NOT ALTER ANYTHING ELSE BELOW THIS LINE! *************/ var s_code=' ' var zflag_nid="215"; var zflag_cid="74/2"; var zflag_width="120"; var zflag_height="90"; var zflag_sz="3"; Sunday, January 13, 2002 Shigellosis outbreak declared under control Health officials have declared victory over a shigellosis outbreak that has made nearly 2,000 Tristate residents ill since March 2001. About 2,000 cases were recorded in Greater Cincinnati since early 2001, Dr. Adcock said, compared with 15 for all of 2000. Health officials called the Tristate outbreak one of the biggest in the nation.

72. Foodborne (Food Related) Diseases - Shigellosis Shigella is a group of four bacteria thatare the root cause of the illness known as shigellosis. This...... shigellosis. http://www.granthealth.org/fdshigella.htm

Foodborne Diseases (Food Related) Overview Disease List Prevention Tips Shigellosis Description: Shigella is a group of four bacteria that are the root cause of the illness known as Shigellosis. This illness can be transmitted from person to person. Infections also occur as a result of ingesting milk, water, or foods that have been directly contaminated by feces. The severity of this illness varies by the type of shigella bacteria involved. Shigellosis may cause as many as 600,000 deaths worldwide each year. Up to 20% of cases requiring hospitalization have resulted in fatalities. In Washington State, an average of 420 cases occurred annually between 1988-1995. There were no fatalities reported during this time period. Findings: Between 1990-1999, there were 34 cases of Shigellosis reported in Grant County. More Info: Shigellosis - Centers for Disease Control Shigellosis Fact Sheet - Washington State Department of Health Revised on March 18, 2002 by MA Grant County Health District Information Services Ephrata,Washington

73. Entrez-PubMed Click here to read HIV infection as a risk factor for shigellosis. BaerJT, Vugia DJ, Reingold AL, Aragon T, Angulo FJ, Bradford WZ. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1

74. Vitamin A Supplementation In Treatment For Acute Shigellosis Vitamin A Supplementation in Treatment for Acute shigellosis. shigellosisis one of the most severe forms of infection to affect the intestine. http://www.ennonline.net/fex/04/rs10-1.html

Vitamin A Supplementation in Treatment for Acute Shigellosis Summary of published paper Shigellosis is one of the most severe forms of infection to affect the intestine. The infection is associated with malnutrition, growth stunting and high mortality. In recent emergencies it has been one of the major causes of mortality. In the Great Lakes emergency of 1994 cholera was said to claim 30,000 lives in the Goma camps yet 46-63,000 people were said to have perished from dysentery (shigella Dysenteria type 1). The worst outbreaks in the region were in the IDP camps in south West Rwanda were incidence rates of over 30 cases per thousand were reported at one time. Evidence that vitamin A has a physiological role in maintaining epithelial integrity and in stimulating immune function suggests that it may prove a useful adjunct to antibiotic treatment in shigellosis. However, up until now there have not been any evaluations of the role of Vitamin A in treatment of acute shigellosis. Current guidelines on treatment of shigellosis do not advocate use of vitamin A in the treatment of this disease. A study has recently been completed by the international Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research which is based in Dacca, Bangladesh. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of a single large oral dose of vitamin A in treating acute shigellosis in children in Bangladesh. The research involved a randomised double blind controlled clinical trial on 83 children aged between 1-7 years with bacteriologically proven shigellosis but no clinical signs of vitamin A deficiency. The children were given a single oral dose of 200,000Iu of vitamin A plus 25 IU of vitamin E or a control preparation of 25 IU of vitamin E.

75. Management Of Shigellosis In Undernourished Children Management of shigellosis in undernourished children. Summary of published paper1 Acute shigellosis can be one of the major causes of mortality in emergencies. http://www.ennonline.net/fex/13/rs6-1.html

Management of shigellosis in undernourished children Summary of published paper Acute Shigellosis can be one of the major causes of mortality in emergencies. Between 46-63,000 Rwandan refugees were believed to have died from dysentery (Shigella dysenteria type 1) in the Goma camps in Eastern Zaire during 1994/5. World-wide, it is estimated that shigellosis accounts for about 15% of diarrhoea-associated deaths in children below 5 years of age. To date there have been few reports on the impact of dietary interventions on the clinical course of acute shigellosis. Current management of the disease is primarily focused on antibiotic therapy with less emphasis on nutritional management. A recent randomised clinical trial examined the role of an energy-dense diet on the clinical outcome of malnourished children with acute dysentery due to shigellosis. Seventy five children aged 12-48 months with acute dysentery randomly received either a milk-cereal formula with an energy density of 4960 kJ/l (1185 kcal/l ) (test group) or a milk-cereal formula with energy of 2480 kJ/l (593 kcal/l) (control group) for 10 days in hospital. In addition the standard hospital diet was offered to all children and all received an appropriate antibiotic for 5 days.

76. Facts On Shigellosis HOT TOPICS. The Facts on shigellosis. What is shigellosis? shigellosis is a diarrhealillness caused by the Shigella group of bacteria. What causes shigellosis? http://www.browardchd.org/Hot_Topics/Shigellosis.htm

BROWARD COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT HOT TOPICS The Facts on Shigellosis What is Shigellosis? Shigellosis is a diarrheal illness caused by the Shigella group of bacteria. Only a few bacteria are needed to cause an infection. What causes Shigellosis? Infection is spread by the fecal-oral route. Children who do not wash their hands thoroughly with soap and hot running water may spread the disease to teachers, children, and other family members. What are the symptoms? Depending on the infectious dose, infection with shigella may be very mild or it may result in severe bloody diarrhea, fever, cramping, nausea and vomiting. Numerous outbreaks have been reported from school settings. Children may spread infections acquired in childcare or school facilities to their parents and siblings and whole families may be ill within a matter of days. Deaths have been reported from this illness. How can Shigellosis be prevented? The best method to prevent Shigellosis is to make sure all children and adults carefully wash their hands with soap and water every time they use the restroom. If a case of Shigellosis is suspected in a child care or school facility,these procedures should be followed:

77. SHIGELLOSIS - Notifiable Diseases On-Line Notifiable Diseases OnLine shigellosis is an acute intestinal illness causedby bacilli belonging to the genus, Shigella. shigellosis. AGENT OF DISEASE http://cythera.ic.gc.ca/dsol/ndis/diseases/shig_e.html

Search Bureaux Guidelines Links ... Publications Shigellosis is an acute intestinal illness caused by bacilli belonging to the genus, Shigella . The illness is characterized by diarrhea with fever, nausea, vomiting, and cramps. In typical cases, the stools contain blood and mucus from tiny abscesses on the intestinal wall caused by the invasion of the organisms. The infections is spread by the fecal-oral route. The infection passes from the feces of an infected person during defecation to their hands and fingernails. Infection then passes to another person either directly by physical touch or indirectly by contaminated food. Outbreaks are common in homosexual men, under conditions of crowding and in circumstances where hygiene practices are poor, such as jails, daycare centres, mental hospitals and refugee camps. Illness may be severe in the elderly, those with underlying disease and persons with impaired immune systems. SHIGELLOSIS AGENT OF DISEASE: Shigellosis is caused by bacilli belonging to the Shigella family.

78. PHU | Infectious | Common Infections | Shigellosis shigellosis. Canadian Institute of Public Health Inspectors. What isshigellosis? shigellosis is an acute bacterial disease http://www.porcupinehu.on.ca/shigellosis.html

Shigellosis Canadian Institute of Public Health Inspectors What is Shigellosis? Shigellosis is an acute bacterial disease that causes diarrhea, often bloody diarrhea, accompanied by fever, nausea, and sometimes vomiting and cramps. The disease is commonly referred to as dysentery. Some cases can be quite severe and symptoms can last for several days or several weeks, with an average of 4 - 7 days. The disease is more severe in children than it is in adults and is associated with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), a leading cause of kidney failure in the elderly and young children. Symptoms of HUS include irritability, fatigue, paleness of the skin, puffiness around the eyes and ankles. and a decrease in the amount of urine produced. How is Shigellosis Spread? How is Shigellosis Prevented? Thorough hand washing is the best prevention. Make sure hands are properly washed after using the toilet and handling diapers. Because of the small numbers of bacteria required to cause illness, infected people should not work as food handlers or provide child care until they are Shigella free.

79. Shigellosis COMMUNICABLE DISEASE INFORMATION. shigellosis. What Is It ? shigellosis is aninfection of the intestines caused by a bacteria called Shigella. Symptoms. http://www.co.monterey.ca.us/health/Family/Shigellosis.htm

Communicable Disease and Information COMMUNICABLE DISEASE INFORMATION Shigellosis What Is It ? Symptoms How Is It Spread ? Prevention What Is It ? Shigellosis is an infection of the intestines caused by a bacteria called Shigella Symptoms Illness usually begins 1 to 3 days after swallowing the bacteria (range 12 hours to 7 days). Symptoms usually last for 4 to 7 days, although rarely individuals may be ill for several weeks. Symptoms include: Diarrhea (may be watery or bloody) Fever Stomach cramps Nausea or vomiting Severe cases may cause dehydration (loss of fluids) or convulsions (in young children). Sometimes people have no or few symptoms. How Is It Spread ? The bacteria is passed in the infected persons stool. Spread occurs because the infected person has not washed his/her hands well after going to the bathroom. He/she may contaminate another person's hands, food, or objects (toys, pens, etc.). The other person gets the disease by swallowing the bacteria. Spread can occur whether or not the infected person has symptoms.

80. An Outbreak Of Shigellosis In A Child Care Institution In Queluz, Portugal - 199 centre. We report an outbreak of shigellosis in early 1995 that affected99 children, 17 of their relations, and seven workers i. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/em/v01n01/0101-223.asp

home Eurosurveillance Monthly archives 1996 > Volume 1 / Issue 1 page précédente Surveillance report An outbreak of shigellosis in a child care institution in Queluz, Portugal - 1995 volume issue date janv. 1996 page PDF This document is also available in printer friendly pdf format A Suspiro , L Menezes Public Health Doctor, Health Authority Public Health Doctor From: The introduction of shigella into a child care centre carries a high risk of secondary spread from person to person within the centre (1). We report an outbreak of shigellosis in early 1995 that affected 99 children, 17 of their relations, and seven workers in a day care institution for children under 10 years of age. The health authority closed the institution for five days to control the outbreak and all the families at risk were contacted in order to give an appropriate antimicrobial drug to all those affected. The outbreak occurred in late February and early March. Those who became ill suffered diarrhoea with blood, mucus, and pus and high fever, cramps, and malaise. Three patients were admitted to hospital.

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