81. Sept. 97 NO Treatment For Sickle Cell Crisis the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and other Boston hospitals suggests thatinhaled nitric oxide gas might successfully treat sickle cell disease and its http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/DEPTS/pubaffairs/releases/sept2.htm

Nitric oxide gas may treat, prevent sickle cell crisis September 2, 1997 Journal of Clinical Investigation, the new approach would be the first to attack directly the abnormal "sickle" hemoglobin that causes sickle cell crisis, a condition that currently can be treated only with pain-killing drugs. If follow-up studies prove successful, patients might someday treat or prevent sickle cell crisis symptoms by self-administering nitric oxide with inhalers similar to those used by asthma patients. "The effect of inhaled nitric oxide on sickle hemoglobin is totally separate from its effects in the lungs, which have proven life-saving for people with several critical illnesses," says C. Alvin Head, MD, the MGH anesthesiologist who led the study. "This is a totally new application of this molecule, which has generated a lot of interest over the past several years." Study co-author Kenneth Bridges, MD, director of the Joint Center for Sickle Cell and Thalassemic Disorders at Brigham and Women's Hospital and the MGH, adds, "This discovery gives us two things: a possible means of interrupting sickle cell crisis once it's started — something we don't have right now — and a real possibility for long-term, outpatient treatment." In sickle cell disease, a genetic disorder, affected individuals have an abnormal form of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues and organs throughout the body. After this abnormal hemoglobin releases its oxygen, it clumps together into an abnormal shape, deforming the red blood cells — normally flexible discs — into rigid, elongated "sickle cells." These sickle cells can become stuck in tiny blood vessels, blocking blood flow to various parts of the body. The result is sickle cell crisis, excruciating pain in the affected area that can require hospitalization in the most serious cases.

82. ResearchChannel: Daily Schedule 1200am, From the National Institutes of Health Research on Health Disparities,National Institutes of Health, sickle cell disease Recent Advances, Health and http://www.researchchannel.org/schedule/day.asp?os=3

83. COCHRANE CYSTIC FIBROSIS AND GENETIC DISORDERS GROUP Abstracts Protocols. Bronchodilators for acute chest syndrome in people withsickle cell disease (Cochrane Protocol); CFTR gene transfer for http://www.update-software.com/abstracts/g190index.htm

COCHRANE CYSTIC FIBROSIS AND GENETIC DISORDERS GROUP Abstracts of Cochrane Reviews The Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2003 The full text of these reviews and protocols is available in The Cochrane Library indicates the review is new in the current release of the Library. indicates the review has been substantially amended since the last issue of the Library. Note: 'Protocols' are the introduction, objectives, materials and methods for reviews currently being prepared and do not therefore have abstracts What's new in this issue Search abstracts Browse by Review Group Browse alphabetical list of titles ... About The Cochrane Library Reviews Antifungal therapies for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in people with cystic fibrosis (Cochrane Review) Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in people with cystic fibrosis (Cochrane Review) Blood transfusion for preventing stroke in people with sickle cell disease (Cochrane Review) Chest physiotherapy compared to no chest physiotherapy for cystic fibrosis (Cochrane Review) ... Vaccines for preventing influenza in people with cystic fibrosis (Cochrane Review) Protocols Bronchodilators for acute chest syndrome in people with sickle cell disease (Cochrane Protocol) CFTR gene transfer for lung disease in people with cystic fibrosis (Cochrane Protocol) Clotting factor concentrates given to prevent bleeding and bleeding related complications in people with hemophilia A and B (Cochrane Protocol) Conventional chest physiotherapy compared to other forms of chest physiotherapy for cystic fibrosis (Cochrane Protocol)

84. Consensus Statement Overview: Newborn Screening For Sickle Cell Disease And Othe Newborn Screening for sickle cell disease and Other Hemoglobinopathies April68. 1987 Vol. 6, No. 9. Read full NIH Consensus Statement. NOTE http://consensus.nih.gov/cons/061/061_intro.htm

Related Conference Materials List of Publications Related to this Consensus Conference Newborn Screening for Sickle Cell Disease and Other Hemoglobinopathies April 6-8. 1987 Vol. 6, No. 9 Read full NIH Consensus Statement NOTE: NIH Consensus Statements are prepared by a nonadvocate, non-Federal panel of experts, based on (1) presentations by investigators working in areas relevant to the consensus questions during a 2-day public session; (2) questions and statements from conference attendees during open discussion periods that are part of the public session; and (3) closed deliberations by the panel during the remainder of the second day and morning of the third. This statement is an independent report of the panel and is not a policy statement of the NIH or the Federal Government. The statement reflects the panelís assessment of medical knowledge available at the time the statement was written. Thus, it provides a "snapshot in time" of the state of knowledge on the conference topic. When reading the statement, keep in mind that new knowledge is inevitably accumulating through medical research.

85. American Association For The Advancement Of Science Gene Therapy Corrects sickle cell disease in Mice. A new gene therapymethod described in the 14 December 2001 issue of the journal http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/sicklecell.shtml

Search by keyword Choose a Page AAAS Board Archives Awards Development Education Employment Events International Media Relations Meetings Membership Project 2061 Science Science Books/Films Science Policy Current AAAS Warns Against Genetic Discrimination New Languages for Science ... Science Update: AAAS Radio Spots Gene Therapy Corrects Sickle Cell Disease in Mice A new gene therapy method described in the 14 December 2001 issue of the journal, Science , corrects sickle cell disease in mice, and may suggest future therapies to treat the genetic disease in humans. Scanning electromicrograph of a human sickled red blood cell. The Science researchers hope to modify their method of gene therapy so that it can be used to treat sickle cell disease in humans. Image: R.L. Nagel, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY. The therapy counteracts the faulty gene that causes red blood cells to "sickle" or deform, by transferring an anti-sickling variant of the gene to bone marrow with a viral delivery system. Once there, the anti-sickling gene incorporates itself into the stem cells that give rise to red blood cells. In two mouse models, the new gene was rapidly expressed in 99 percent of all circulating red blood cells, preventing sickling and other signs of the disease, says study author Philippe Leboulch of the Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

86. Sickle-Cell Disease SickleCell Disease. The other hemoglobin gene is healthy and is sufficient tooverride HbS and to block the development of sickle cell disease itself. http://wellness.ucdavis.edu/medical_conditions_az/sicklecell_58.html

Sickle-Cell Disease December 1999 WHAT IS SICKLE-CELL DISEASE? Red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body to nourish tissues and sustain life. They are the most abundant cells in the human body. When they are healthy, they look like tiny flexible inner tubes. This unique shape and small size serve many functions. The tubular shape provides a large surface area to absorb oxygen. It also offers the flexibility necessary to squeeze through the capillaries, the tiny blood vessels that connect arteries to veins. Oxygen is carried within the red blood cells by hemoglobin, a complicated molecule composed of proteins and iron. Sickle-cell disease is caused by a genetic defect in this important hemoglobin molecule. A normal red blood cell contains a molecule called hemoglobin A ; in a sickle red blood cell, a variant of this molecule exists and is called hemoglobin S (S for sickle). The difference between hemoglobin A (HbA) and hemoglobin S (HbS) lies in only one protein out of about three hundred that are common to both. This protein lies along an amino-acid chain called beta-globin, where even a tiny abnormality has disastrous results. The sickle-cell disease process is triggered when red blood cells become deprived of oxygen. In everyone, both those with and without the disease, hemoglobin loses its oxygen in a number of ways. To sustain life, oxygen regularly passes from red blood cells to the tissues where it is needed to perform vital functions. Hemoglobin loses oxygen if blood cells become too acidic, for example, after strenuous exercise. Going to high altitudes or any stressful activity or situation that increases the body's demand for oxygen depletes its supply in red blood cells. Such situations do not affect normal red blood cells that contain hemoglobin A. Oxygen loss from hemoglobin S, however, causes the molecules to form rigid rods called

87. Sickle Cell Guide: The AFLAC Cancer Center And Blood Disorders Service: Children sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder that affects the hemoglobinin the red blood cells. The AFLAC Cancer Center and Blood http://www.choa.org/hemonc/sicklecellguide.shtml

Charlton Davis, M.D. Steve Lauer, M.D. Medical Director, Children's at Egleston Thomas Adamkiewicz, M.D. Jeanne Boudreaux, M.D. Beatrice Files, M.D. Anne Herry, M.D. ... Lewis Hsu, M.D. For more information AFLAC Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service at Egleston AFLAC Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service at Scottish Rite Robin Pitts, R.N. Nurse Coordinator robin.pitts@choa.org Charlotte Eaddy L.M.S.W. Sickle Cell Program Specialist charlotte.eaddy@choa.org The AFLAC Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service Sickle Cell Guide AFLAC Cancer Center and Blood Disorder Service Key Special Education Terms What Parents Can Do Tips for Teachers and School nurses ... Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder that affects the hemoglobin in the red blood cells. Hemoglobin is protein that carries oxygen to different parts of the body. The three most common types of sickle cell disease are hemoglobin SS disease (also called sickle cell anemia), hemoglobin SC disease and sickle beta thalassemia.

88. PriceWaterhouseCoopers: Jamaica:PriceWaterhouseCoopers Contributes To Campaign A GO. print. Please enable JavaScript to view this page properly. PriceWaterhouseCooperscontributes to campaign against sickle cell disease, http://www.pwcglobal.com/Extweb/industry.nsf/docid/CC88CFCBFEAFAC9680256CA800767

document.write(clickpath); document.write(''); Please enable JavaScript to view this page properly. PriceWaterhouseCoopers contributes to campaign against Sickle Cell disease For additional information contact: Peter Williams Tel: (876) 952 4233, E-mail: williams.p@jm.pwcglobal.com PricewaterhouseCoopers Contributes To Campaign Against Sickle Cell Disease Prof. Graham Sergeant, Chairman of the Sickle Cell Trust accepts first donation of $100,000 from senior partner, Everton McDonald. Kingston, 12 DEC 2002 - Approximately 10% of the Jamaican population have the sickle cell trait and a form of the disease affects 1 in every 150 births. The disease is a condition caused by a gene inherited from both parents and affects the red blood cells. It is, however, manageable and treatable. Recognising the importance of the campaign to educate the Jamaican public about the sickle cell trait and manage the debilitating effects of the disease, PricewaterhouseCoopers has already assisted the Sickle Cell Trust (the Trust) by donating $300,000. The Trust conducts seminars at all levels of the community. It has delivered illustrated lectures to doctors, nurses, schools and corporations. The Trust has already reached more than 60% of 5th or 6th forms in the island's secondary schools, over 65% of the country's tertiary institutions and 70% of its nursing schools. Trust uses these lectures to improve knowledge on sickle cell disease and its management in the community and, hopefully, diminish the chances of affected children being born.

89. Handbook Of Ocular Disease Management - Sickle Cell Disease sickle cell disease In the four variations of sickle cell disease, systemic andocular tissues become deprived of oxygen and undergo pathologic changes. http://www.revoptom.com/handbook/sect7e.htm

SICKLE CELL DISEASE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Ocular symptoms are uncommon in the early stages of the disease. Systemically, symptoms include painful crises of abdominal and musculoskeletal discomfort. Ocular signs include comma-shaped vessels in the bulbar conjunctiva, iris atrophy, iris neovascularization, dull-gray fundus appearance, retinal venous tortuosity, nonproliferative retinal hemorrhages in the subretinal, intraretinal or preretinal position. Further signs include black sunbursts (retinal pigment epithelial hyperplasia secondary to deep retinal vascular occlusions), glistening refractile deposits in the retinal periphery (hemosiderin-laden macrophages), salmon patch hemorrhages (orange-pink-colored intraretinal hemorrhage), angioid streaks (breaks in Bruch's membrane radiating from the optic nerve), venous occlusion, artery occlusion, peripheral neovascularization (seafan retinopathy) with subsequent vitreous hemorrhage and tractional retinal detachment. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Hemoglobinopathies are among the more commonly inherited diseases in humans. Hemoglobinopathies result when there is altered structure, function or production of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the principle protein of the erythrocyte, responsible for binding and facilitating oxygen transmission to tissues. In the four variations of sickle cell disease, systemic and ocular tissues become deprived of oxygen and undergo pathologic changes.

90. Sickle Cell Anemia - Evaluation, Treatment And Research At The National Heart, L Research Studies, Collection and Storage of Umbilical Cord Blood for Sickle CellDisease. Collection and Storage of Umbilical Cord Blood for sickle cell disease. http://patientrecruitment.nhlbi.nih.gov/sicklecell.aspx

Patient Recruitment Home Patient Recruitment - Sickle Cell Anemia Research Studies Collection and Storage of Umbilical Cord Blood for Sickle Cell Disease Sickle Cell Anemia Research Study Collection and Storage of Umbilical Cord Blood for Sickle Cell Disease If you are pregnant and expecting a baby that may have sickle cell disease you might be interested in our research study. We are collecting umbilical cord blood from newborns that may have sickle cell disease and we are freezing the hematopoietic stem cells that are in the cord blood. Hematopoietic stem cells are used in transplant treatment of sickle cell disease; the more cells the doctors use the better the outcome. The goal of our research is to come up with the best ways to harvest, freeze and thaw the stem cells from the umbilical cord blood so when it comes time to use the stem cells for treatment there will be a lot of high quality cells to use. To be eligible for this program the pregnant mother must be between the ages of 18 - 45 and she must plan to deliver her infant at a hospital in the Washington Metropolitan Area. The pregnant mother needs to attend a meeting with the nurse coordinator in order to go over the program and give consent before labor begins. There is no cost to the family or their insurance carrier for this program. For further information please contact the research nurse coordinator at Office phone: 301-594-8381 Fax: 301-594-9153 Protocol Information Detailed Protocol Description Disease and Treatment Information

91. COCHRANE CYSTIC FIBROSIS AND GENETIC DISORDERS GROUP Protocols. Bronchodilators for acute chest syndrome in people withsickle cell disease (Cochrane Review); CFTR gene transfer for lung http://www.cochrane.org/cochrane/revabstr/g190index.htm

COCHRANE CYSTIC FIBROSIS AND GENETIC DISORDERS GROUP Abstracts of Cochrane Reviews The Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2003 The full text of these reviews and protocols is available in [The Cochrane Library] indicates the review is new in the current release of the Library. indicates the review has been substantially amended since the last issue of the Library. Note: 'Protocols' are the introduction, objectives, materials and methods for reviews currently being prepared. Reviews Antifungal therapies for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in people with cystic fibrosis (Cochrane Review) Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in people with cystic fibrosis (Cochrane Review) Blood transfusion for preventing stroke in people with sickle cell disease (Cochrane Review) Chest physiotherapy compared to no chest physiotherapy for cystic fibrosis (Cochrane Review) ... Vaccines for preventing influenza in people with cystic fibrosis (Cochrane Review) Protocols Bronchodilators for acute chest syndrome in people with sickle cell disease (Cochrane Review) CFTR gene transfer for lung disease in people with cystic fibrosis (Cochrane Review) Clotting factor concentrates given to prevent bleeding and bleeding related complications in people with hemophilia A and B (Cochrane Review) Conventional chest physiotherapy compared to other forms of chest physiotherapy for cystic fibrosis (Cochrane Review) Drug therapies for reducing gastric acidity in people with cystic fibrosis (Cochrane Review) Inhaled bronchodilators for cystic fibrosis (Cochrane Review)

92. Sickle Cell Disease And Anaesthesia (page 1) sickle cell disease and Anaesthesia They are described as suffering fromsickle cell disease or Sickle cell anaemia. Top Pathophysiology. http://www.nda.ox.ac.uk/wfsa/html/u04/u04_008.htm

Issue 4 (1994) Article 4: Page 1 of 2 Go to page: 1 Sickle Cell Disease and Anaesthesia Dr K Henderson, Senior Registrar in Anaesthesia, Birmingham. (formerly: Lecturer in Anaesthesia, Accra, Ghana) Introduction Regional anaesthesia Pathophysiology Emergency Anaesthesia ... Anaesthesia planning Introduction Haemoglobin (Hb) is contained in red blood cells and is capable of combining with oxygen in the lungs, transporting it to the tissues and releasing it there. Normally it is composed of 4 polypeptide chains combined with 4 haem radicals ( see Table 1 ). When the haemoglobin is combined with oxygen it is said to be oxygenated. When it is not combined with oxygen it is deoxygenated (sometimes also called "reduced"). Sickle cell disease is a genetically inherited abnormality of haemoglobin in which valine (an amino acid) replaces glutamine at the sixth position on the beta chains of the haemoglobin molecule. This haemoglobin is termed Haemoglobin S (usually written HbS). Unfortunately when HbS becomes deoxygenated it comes out of solution forming long crystals called "tactoids" which distort the red cell. Two types of sickle cell illness are described depending on the genetic make-up. Everyone has 2 genes responsible for haemoglobin synthesis. When a person has one normal (HbA) gene and one sickle (HbS) gene they make a mixture of HbA and HbS. They are called heterozygous patients (meaning that they have both genes present) and are said to have

93. SICKLE CELL DISEASE sickle cell disease. WHAT IS sickle cell disease? HOW DO YOU GET sickle cell disease?The only way you can get sickle cell disease is by genetic inheritance. http://www.mckinley.uiuc.edu/health-info/dis-cond/misc/sicklecd.html

Sickle Cell Disease WHAT IS SICKLE CELL DISEASE? Sickle Cell Disease is a hereditary blood disorder that affects the oxygen-carrying component of blood, the red blood cell. In other words, it is manifested by diseased red blood cells that have a sickle shape. Red blood cells have proteins called hemoglobin. Hemoglobin transports oxygen from your lungs to every part of your body. When a normal red blood cell (with normal hemoglobin) releases its oxygen, it maintains its discoid shape. However, when a diseased red blood cell containing sickle hemoglobin releases its oxygen, the appearance of the cell can change from discoid to sickle-shaped. This is to say that the sickle cell shape is caused by the sickle hemoglobin within a particular red blood cell. Possible health problems may include fatigue, breathlessness, rapid heartbeat, delayed growth, susceptibility to infections, skin ulcers, and vision problems. NORMAL HEMOGLOBIN vs. SICKLE HEMOGLOBIN While sickle hemoglobin and normal hemoglobin carry the same amount of oxygen, two major differences exist between the two kinds of cells. First, they differ in the way they flow through the blood vessels. Normal hemoglobin is found in disc-shaped red blood cells that are soft (like a bag of jelly), which enables them to easily flow through small blood vessels. Diseased red blood cells, which are sickle-shaped and are hard (like pieces of wood), often get stuck in small blood vessels and stop the flow of blood. The second difference between the two types of cells is their longevity. Sickle cells do not live as long as normal cells. Normal, healthy cells can survive for about 120 days, while the more fragile sickle cells can survive for about 60 days or less. Unfortunately, the body cannot make new red blood cells as fast as it loses sickle blood cells. As a result, a sickle cell patient has fewer red blood cells and less hemoglobin than normal red blood cells. This decreased hemoglobin (called anemia), in turn, results in less oxygen being available for use by the cells of the body.

94. IASP Press - Sickle Cell Pain Other Pain Syndromes headache, migraine headache, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgiaand myofascial pain, AIDS and sickle cell disease Münchausen Sickle Cell http://www.painbooks.org/sickle.html

International Association for the Study of Pain IASP Press Progress in Pain Research and Management, Vol. 11 Samir K. Ballas 1998, 398 pp, hardbound, ISBN 0-931092-22-1. Special Price: $ Table of Contents Order Form Reviews IASP Sickle cell disease, an inherited abnormality of hemoglobin, produces a variety of painful syndromes. The pain can be somatic, visceral, acute, chronic, persistent, or recurrent. This book reviews recent basic clinical phenomena and underlying disease mechanisms. Problems associated with sickle cell pain and approaches to its management are discussed in detail. This book will be useful to professionals who treat patients with sickle cell pain, including primary-care physicians, pain management specialists, hematologists, nurses, social workers, patient advocates, and house staff. Researchers interested in the patho-physiology of sickle cell pain will also find this book stimulating. Table of Contents : Sickle Cell Pain Basic Considerations Sickle Cell Pain in Historical Perspective : history, nomenclature, definitions, unique features of sickle cell pain

95. NEJM -- Malaria And Sickle Cell Disease Images in Clinical Medicine from The New England Journal of Medicine Malariaand sickle cell disease. Next Next. Malaria and sickle cell disease. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/347/1/e1

HOME SEARCH CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES ... HELP Volume 347:e1 July 4, 2002 Number 1 Next Malaria and Sickle Cell Disease View larger version [in this window] [in a new window] Plasmodium falciparum (arrow); the patient had had no history of malaria. Although hemoglobin S is considered to be protective against P. falciparum, this is not always the case. Fouad N. Boctor, M.D., Ph.D. Joan Uehlinger, M.D. Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY 10461-2373 Table of Contents Editor's Summary Find Similar Articles in the Journal Notify a friend about this article ... Related Articles in Medline Articles in Medline by Author: Boctor, F. N. Uehlinger, J. Medline Citation HOME ... HELP Comments and questions? Please contact us The New England Journal of Medicine is owned, published, and Massachusetts Medical Society

96. La Rabida - Patient & Family Information sickle cell disease. sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder affectingmore than one in 500 African American children in the United States. http://www.larabida.org/patients/sickle.html

Inpatient Services Outpatient Services Asthma/Allergies Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) ... Rheumatologic Disorders Sickle Cell Disease Case Management Medical Staff Sickle Cell Disease Sickle Cell Disease is a genetic disorder affecting more than one in 500 African American children in the United States. It causes red blood cells to become crescent or sickle shaped instead of round, inhibiting the delivery of oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. As a result, patients may become easily tired or experience severe pain crises when the sickle cells clump together in the blood vessels. Maintaining control of the condition can decrease the occurrence and severity of these episodes, and help children and families manage more successfully with the disease. La Rabida provides interdisciplinary medical and support services to address the special needs of children with sickle cell disease and their families on both an inpatient and outpatient basis. La Rabida's staff manages all types of sickle cell disease such as sickle cell anemia, sickle C disease, and sickle-beta thalassemia conditions. Upon diagnosis, each patient with sickle cell disease receives an individualized program of treatment from an interdisciplinary team of specialists. This team includes hematology and chronic disease physicians, nurse specialists, a psychologist, and social worker when needed. In addition, the team may also provide genetic counseling, sickle cell disease management, parent and family education, and an innovative program of behavioral pain management.

97. CNN.com - Health - Devastation Of Sickle Cell Disease Chronicled - February 22, directive. Devastation of sickle cell disease chronicled. Film documentaryscheduled February 28. CONDITION CLINIC. sickle cell disease. A http://www.cnn.com/2001/HEALTH/conditions/02/22/sickle.cell.anemia/

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Danish Japanese Korean Arabic Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW Devastation of sickle cell disease chronicled Film documentary scheduled February 28 February 22, 2001 Web posted at: 10:11 a.m. EST (1511 GMT) In this story: Asking questions Treatments studied RELATED STORIES, SITES By Michele Dula Baum CNN.com Health Writer ATLANTA, Georgia (CNN) - Although research continues, sickle cell anemia remains an "orphan disease" attracting little notice despite its harvest of pain and early death. But a new film documentary may help to educate viewers about the disease, which affects about 80,000 people in the United States and millions worldwide. Called "Sickle Cell: The Forgotten Disease," the film will air at 10 p.m. EST on the Discovery Health Channel. It is being co-produced by the Dr. Spock Company. "It's hard to get funding or people interested in trials," said Dr. James Eckman, director of the Georgia Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center at Grady Health System. "But because this is a lifelong, chronic problem, it has a greater impact." CONDITION CLINIC Sickle Cell disease A genetic disorder, sickle cell disease attacks red blood cells, making them rigid and distorting their normally round shape into crescents and points. These misshapen cells can easily clog tiny blood vessels and deprive organs and tissues of vital oxygen, causing intractable pain crises. In addition, children with sickle cell are more prone to stroke, pneumonia, infection and other long-term complications.

98. JAMA -- Page Not Found JAMA. 288;1970, October 23/30, 2002, Seeking a Way to Alleviate sickle cell disease,Mike Mitka. Seeking a Way to Alleviate sickle cell disease Mike Mitka http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v288n16/ffull/jmn1023-2.html

Select Journal or Resource JAMA Archives of Dermatology Facial Plastic Surgery Family Medicine (1992-2000) General Psychiatry Internal Medicine Neurology Ophthalmology Surgery MSJAMA Science News Updates Meetings Peer Review Congress The page you requested was not found. The JAMA Archives Journals Web site has been redesigned to provide you with improved layout, features, and functionality. The location of the page you requested may have changed. To find the page you requested, click here HOME CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES ... HELP Error 404 - "Not Found"

99. Sickle Cell Disease In Cuba Pugwash Workshop, Cuba, Feb 15-17, sickle cell disease in Cuba Effect of the Economic Embargo. 1517 February2001. sickle cell disease is a scourge both in the United States and Cuba. http://www.pugwash.org/reports/ees/ees8b.htm

100. NIH Guide FELLOWSHIP AND CAREER AWARDS IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE FELLOWSHIP AND CAREER AWARDS IN sickle cell disease RESEARCH NIH GUIDE, Volume23, Number 9, March 4, 1994 PAR NUMBER PAR94-042 PT 22 Keywords Blood http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-94-042.html

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