21. HHS - Smallpox Home page for all smallpox information from the US Dept. of Health and HumanSerivces. Includes basic information smallpox. Adobe Acrobat Reader http://www.hhs.gov/smallpox/

Skip Navigation HHS Home Questions? Contact Us ... Site Map Smallpox Adobe Acrobat Reader is required to view the PDF files linked from this page Public Inquiries Hotline (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention): Hours: Mon-Fri 8am-11pm EST; Sat-Sun 10am-8pm EST Smallpox Basics Principios de la Viruela Information for: Kids, Teens, Parents Laboratory Professionals Media Military ... top of page Smallpox Basics About the Smallpox Vaccination Program Smallpox Vaccination Program: Questions and Answers About the Disease About the Vaccine ... Who Should NOT Be Vaccinated [NEW] Smallpox Vaccine and Heart Problems Information on Live Viruses and Vaccinia Caring for the Smallpox Vaccination Site Someone You Are Close to Is Getting the Vaccine: What You Should Know and Do ... CDC Smallpox Website (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Smallpox (healthfinder) Smallpox (MEDLINEplus) Smallpox Fact Sheets (World Health Organization) top of page Principios de la Viruela Sobre la Enfermedad Sobre la Vacuna y la Vacunación Reacciones Posteriores a la Vacunación Contra la Viruela Vacunas de Virus Vivos y Vaccinia ... top of page Information for Laboratory Professionals Smallpox Specimen Collection, Packaging Protocols

22. MEDLINEplus Medical Encyclopedia: Smallpox smallpox. Variola. Definition Return to top smallpox is a viral diseasecharacterized by a skin rash and a high death rate. Causes http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001356.htm

Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Smallpox Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Prevention Illustrations Smallpox lesions Alternative names Return to top Variola - major and minor; Variola Definition Return to top Smallpox is a viral disease characterized by a skin rash and a high death rate. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Smallpox was once found throughout the world, causing illness and death wherever it occurred. Smallpox was primarily a disease of children and young adults, with family members often infecting each other. However, a massive program by the World Health Organization (WHO) eradicated all known smallpox viruses from the world in 1977, except for samples that were saved by various governments for research purposes. The vaccine was discontinued in the United States in 1972. In 1980, WHO recommended that all countries stop vaccinating for smallpox. In 1980, WHO also recommended that the remaining virus samples be transferred to two WHO laboratories for storage. Those laboratories were the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia, and a laboratory in Russia. Russia, however, started a program to produce the smallpox virus in mass quantities, specifically for bombs and other weaponry. Some believe that other countries such as Iraq, Iran, and North Korea may also hold some stores of the smallpox virus. Researchers continue to debate whether or not to kill the last remaining samples of the virus, or to preserve it in case there may be some future reason to study it.

23. Pro-Lab Smallpox Test Kits Provides information on the smallpox test kits from PROLAB. http://www.smallpoxtestkit.com/

24. Register At NYTimes.com New York Times article discusses concerns that local public health departments will need to cut back on their normal work in order to implement the U.S. government's smallpox vaccination plan. Requires free registration. http://nytimes.com/2003/01/05/national/05VACC.html

Welcome to The New York Times on the Web! For full access to our site, please complete this simple registration form. As a member, you'll enjoy: In-depth coverage and analysis of news events from The New York Times FREE Up-to-the-minute breaking news and developing stories FREE Exclusive Web-only features, classifieds, tools, multimedia and much, much more FREE Please enter your Member ID: Please enter your password: Remember my Member ID and password on this computer. Forgot your password? Choose a Member ID: Choose a password: (Five character minimum) Re-enter your password for verification: E-Mail Address: Remember my Member ID and password on this computer We'll keep your information private. The following fields are required. NYTimes.com respects your privacy , so we will never share any personal information without your consent. Gender: Year of Birth: Male Female (Click here if you are under 13) Zip Code: Country of Residence: United States Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegowina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso

25. Graeme | Smallpox Zone | Science: Smallpox Extensive listing of info including the history, pathology, and eradication of the disease. Offers a list of resources. This page is the main page for a website that is an overview of the smallpox virus and the disease it causes. http://www.seercom.com/bluto/smallpox

@import url(http://www.seercom.com/main.css); about skepticism science glossary ... writing zones critical thinking smallpox eggsperiment nina ... email smallpox smallpox figure 0: The Plague in Rome, by Jules-Elie Delaunay, 1869. This page is the main page for a website that is an overview of the smallpox virus and the disease it causes. welcome This site started as a 2nd year microbiology presentation, but I have adapted it to become as informative as possible for people interested in the disease and its current context. Please feel free to send questions by email. If you can't find what you need on the site, use the search tool. I review the search terms from time to time, and your question may be added to the faq, so check back later. next: introduction history pathology prevention ... new glossary virus elsewhere nih ama cdc GTK ... new

26. Smallpox smallpox smallpox Fact Sheet. smallpox as a Biological Weapon Medical Public Health Management JAMA 281(22),1999. smallpox Virus Destruction. http://www.hopkins-biodefense.org/pages/agents/tocsmallpox.html

Anthrax Botulinum Toxin Plague Smallpox ... VHF Smallpox Smallpox Fact Sheet [JAMA 281(22),1999] Smallpox Virus Destruction

27. Edward Jenner Museum Housed in his former home the museum fills in the biography of the man. Also included are opening times and prices, brief career description, and links to pages about his discovery of smallpox vaccination. http://www.jennermuseum.com/

28. Facts About Anthrax And Smallpox As Bioterrorism Weapons Concern about deliberate use of disease agents as bioterrorism weapons presently focuses on anthrax and smallpox. http://healthlink.mcw.edu/content/article/1004505206.html

Search Articles: search tips Please Take the HealthLink Survey Email this article Print this article Find related articles: By topic: Infections/Infectious Diseases Public Health By keywords: smallpox anthrax bioterrorism Receive Health Link via email! Subscribe now >> Facts About Anthrax and Smallpox as Bioterrorism Weapons Concern about deliberate use of disease agents as bioterrorism weapons presently focuses on anthrax and smallpox, although there have been no smallpox attacks to date. As part of its bioterrorism-response plans, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is currently expanding its stockpiles of pharmaceuticals and other medial supplies. Anthrax Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by a spore-forming bacterium. The serious forms of human anthrax are inhalation anthrax, cutaneous anthrax and intestinal anthrax. Symptoms of disease vary depending on how the disease was contracted, but usually occur within seven days after exposure. Initial symptoms of inhalation anthrax infection may resemble a common cold. After several days, the symptoms may progress to severe breathing problems and shock. Inhalation anthrax is often fatal. Cutaneous anthrax may occur when the skin surface is exposed to the bacterium and a sore or swelled area appears on the skin. A central area of ulceration develops and a very dark, brownish scab forms. It can be painless and it may be accompanied by a fever.

29. CBC News - Indepth: U.S. Striking Back: The War On Terrorism CBC News provides an indepth report and videos on biological warfare, anthrax, sarin gas, and smallpox. http://www.cbc.ca/news/indepth/background/bioterrorism.html

CBC Front Page News Indepth Viewpoint ... Concerts Search News: Morning Midday Evening Overnight Enter your e-mail: CBC Corporate Radio-Canada Privacy Statement © 2001 CBC home shop help contact ... CBC COVERAGE F A Q Biological Warfare The use of biological and chemical weapons is considered the most heinous type of warfare. When it was first tried on a large scale in 1915, at Ypres, France, against French, Algerian and Canadian troops, the German High Command had a hard time finding officers who would participate in the use of poison gas against an enemy. It was considered unchivalrous, indiscriminate, dangerous and possibly setting a precedent for reprisal. Not to mention illegal, under The Hague convention on rules of warfare. Nowadays, the idea of taking advantage of the ability of bacteria to reproduce, mutate and produce toxins makes some experts fear the use of biological weapons more than nuclear weapons. Here's a look at biological and chemical weapons, their history and application in warfare. What are biological and chemical weapons?

30. EMedicine – SMALLPOX – Vaccine, History, And Smallpox Pictures (Small Pox) : A Dr. Christopher Hogan offers a review of smallpox symptoms, vaccine history, mortality statistics, and vaccination options. Includes pictures of smallpox infection in affected adults and infants. http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic885.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Emergency Medicine Warfare - Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear And Explosives CBRNE - Smallpox Last Updated: March 18, 2003 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: smallpox, variola, variola major, variola minor AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Christopher J Hogan, MD , Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University Hospital Coauthor(s): Fred Harchelroad, MD, FACMT , Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, Director of Medical Toxicology, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Allegheny General Hospital; Thomas W McGovern, MD , Dermatologist and Mohs Surgeon, Fort Wayne Dermatology, PC Christopher J Hogan, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians Editor(s): Jerry L Mothershead, MD

31. Graeme | Smallpox Zone | History smallpox is a relatively old disease. Only recently has it been considered undercontrol. Spots on mummified remains of face believed to be smallpox. old world. http://seercom.com/bluto/smallpox/history.html

@import url(http://www.seercom.com/main.css); about skepticism science glossary ... writing zones critical thinking smallpox eggsperiment nina ... email history smallpox's history in the world Smallpox is a relatively old disease. Only recently has it been considered under control. figure 2: Ramses V c.1000bce. Spots on mummified remains of face believed to be smallpox. old world The disease is at least 3000 years old, confirmed in China and India, with a few isolated cases in North Africa. There is no mention in Europe until the 6th century. During the 17th and 18th Centuries smallpox was the most serious infectious disease in The West and accounted for a substantial proportion of deaths, especially among town dwellers. The mortality rate varied regionally, with 10% in Europe and 90% in America. During the 20th Century there was recognised for the first time a milder form of smallpox, called variola minor or alastrim, with a consistently low mortality rate of the order of 1%. This disease was endemic in Britain until 1935. Still more recently there has been recognised a third form, named East African Smallpox, the mortality rate of which in uncaccinated subjects is about 5%. This has not been recognised as having occurred in The West. The Plague - a different disease than smallpox: a bacteria spread by rats - had eliminated as much as a third of the European population over a five year period. Smallpox was never that devastating in Europe, becoming endemic and occasionally outbreaking. Widespread resistance reduced the losses to local impacts of about 10%. However, introduction of smallpox to America quite rapidly depleted the population. For example, the Spanish attempted to settle Hispanola for sugar cane plantation in 1509. By 1518 every single one of the estimated 2.5 million aboriginals had perished, and the labour population had to be restored with African slaves.

32. JAMA & Archives -- Page Not Found A collection of articles published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) about anthrax, smallpox, ebola, plague and Yersinia pestis, botulinum toxin, brucella, and tularemia as well as more general topics. http://pubs.ama-assn.org/bioterr.html

Select Journal or Resource JAMA Archives of Dermatology Facial Plastic Surgery Family Medicine (1992-2000) General Psychiatry Internal Medicine Neurology Ophthalmology Surgery MSJAMA Science News Updates Meetings Peer Review Congress The page you requested was not found. The JAMA Archives Journals Web site has been redesigned to provide you with improved layout, features, and functionality. The location of the page you requested may have changed. To find the page you requested, click here SUBSCRIPTIONS E-MAIL ALERTS COLLECTIONS ... HELP Error 404 - "Not Found"

33. Smallpox smallpox. smallpox is an acute contagious disease caused by Variola virus,a member of the orthopoxvirus family. smallpox VACCINATION. http://www.who.int/entity/csr/disease/smallpox/en

English Search Home Countries Health Topics ... Media Centre Location: WHO WHO Sites CSR Home Diseases Smallpox Smallpox Preparedness in the event of a smallpox outbreak Programme to facilitate Variola virus research ... Information resources Smallpox is an acute contagious disease caused by Variola virus, a member of the orthopoxvirus family. It was one of the world's most feared diseases until it was eradicated by a collaborative global vaccination programme led by the World Health Organization. The last known natural case was in Somalia in 1977. Since then, the only known cases were caused by a laboratory accident in 1978 in Birmingham, England, which killed one person and caused a limited outbreak. Smallpox was officially declared eradicated in 1979. FOR MORE INFORMATION WHO fact sheet Frequently asked questions and answers on smallpox HIGHLIGHTS Report to the WHO Executive Board January 2003 - Smallpox eradication: destruction of Variola virus stocks SMALLPOX VACCINATION WHO statement - Guidance on smallpox vaccination DISEASE OUTBREAKS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Multi-country outbreak - Update 14 Full text Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Multi-country outbreak - Update 13 Full text Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Multi-country outbreak - Update 12 Full text Disease Outbreak News Containing known risks These activities are part of CSR's Global Strategy Find out more MORE INFORMATION Weekly Epidemiological Record Information on cases and outbreaks of infectious diseases International travel and health Health advice for travellers

34. The Deadly Bugs Of War Provides information about anthrax, botulinum toxin, plague, smallpox, and tularemia. http://whyfiles.org/141bioweapons2/5.html

1. Bioterrorism real or imagined? 2. Do-it-yourself? 3. What to do? 4. A disastrous history ... 5. The deadly bugs of war Scientists are developing an anthrax decontamination foam that can be sprayed from handheld canisters or piped through building sprinkler systems. Courtesy Randy Montoya, Sandia National Laboratories Patients infected with botulinum toxin often need artificial ventilation. A tube in the lungs is attached to a breathing machine. Courtesy Centers for Disease Control Anthrax Since the Gulf War, whenever biological-weapon threats are discussed, Anthrax inevitably tops the list. The reasons are not just alphabetical. Ordinarily a cattle disease, Anthrax is caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis . When the bacterium is inhaled, as is likely if terrorists released it into the air, the first symptoms would resemble the common cold, with death quickly following. Antibiotics work if started before symptoms appear - a daunting problem since no widely available test quickly identifies anthrax. Anthrax vaccine is available only to the military. The World Health Organization says an anthrax attack on a city of 5 million could cause 250,000 causalities and 100,000 deaths.

35. Smallpox And Its Eradication. F. Fenner, DA Henderson, I ARita, Z. Jezek, ID Lad smallpox and its eradication. Stocks of smallpox and its eradicationwere exhausted some years ago and the book is now out of print. http://www.who.int/emc/diseases/smallpox/Smallpoxeradication.html

CSR Home Outbreak news Disease info Surveillance Smallpox and its eradication. F. Fenner, D.A. Henderson, I. Arita, Z. Jezek, I.D. Ladnyi Smallpox and its eradication Stocks of Smallpox and its eradication Download the free Adobe(R) Acrobat(R) Reader to view these files Contents Foreword, by Dr Halfdan Mahler...vii; Preface...ix; Acknowledgements...xiii Chapter 1. The clinical features of smallpox p1 Page 1-7 Page 8-11 ... Page 37-68 Chapter 2: Variola virus and orthopoxviruses Page 69-85 Page 86-119 Chapter 2. Variola virus and other orthopoxviruses p69 Chapter 3. The pathogenesis, pathology and immunology of smallpox and vaccines p121 ... Acknowledgements

36. GRID.ORG ™ - Home A distributed computing effort by the United Devices Global MetaProcessor with the participation of over 2 million PCs worldwide for cancer, anthrax, and smallpox research projects. http://www.grid.org/

The basics The evolution SETI@home distributed.net ... joining the Grid! Powered by the UD MetaProcessor Grid.org is a single destination site for large-scale research projects powered by the United Devices Global MetaProcessor . With the participation of over 2 million devices worldwide, grid.org projects like Cancer Research Anthrax Research , and the new Smallpox Research Project have achieved record levels of processing speed and success. On February 5, 2003, United Devices along with IBM and Accelrys launched the Smallpox Research Grid Project : a joint research effort to identify candidates for developing new drugs that, for the first time, would combat the smallpox virus post-infection. United Devices has established the PatriotGrid : A family of research projects designed specifically to identify new leads for cures or vaccines for any agent that is known to be a potential bioterrorism weapon. The global participation Volunteer your PC to become a member of grid.org Interested in using a secure grid solution to power your organization's research? Join the PatriotGrid and help counter bioterrorism! ... return to top

37. NIP: Smallpox/home Page smallpox subsite, smallpox Home. smallpox home page smallpox. The smallpox subsitehas moved to. CDC's Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Website. http://www.cdc.gov/nip/smallpox/default.htm

Smallpox subsite Smallpox Home Public News Providers NIP: NIP HOME First time visitor? About NIP ... Acronyms NIP sub-sites: ACIP Flu Vaccine Immunization Registries Vaccines for Children Program ... VACMAN NIP Site Search National Immunization Hotline English Spanish TTY Get Adobe Reader Smallpox home page Smallpox The smallpox subsite has moved to CDC's Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Website If you are not automatically redirected click here National Immunization Program (NIP) NIP Home Contact Us Help Glossary ... Accessibility This page last modified on September 30, 2002 Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC Home CDC Search CDC Health Topics A-Z

38. The 'Big Sickness' In Arctic Alaska - 1918 Article on Arctic colonization and the introduction of new diseases such as measles, smallpox, and influenza in the early 1900s. http://arcticcircle.uconn.edu/HistoryCulture/Sickness/sickness.html

The Big Sickness [An interesting addendum to this story was added by two Native residents of Wales, Alaska on February 5, 1998] Henry W. Griest On Christmas eve of 1917, a young Inupiat Eskimo from Nome arrived in Wales. Ill with fever, he had lain sick in his sled while his dogs brought him to the door of his home. Two days later he died of "Spanish Influenza," an extremely virulent form of virus influenza that previously had caused millions of deaths in other parts of the world. When it appeared in Nome and the nearby village of Teller, doctors in these areas were unfamiliar with the disease and how to treat it. Within a week, 197 people from Wales had died with hundreds more sick and dying. Of Teller's Inupiat adult population, one hundred and ninety-nine died in the same time period. Overwhelmed by the disease, the resident government nurse in Wales was largely helpless. Having neither food nor medicine to deal with such an epidemic, she could only comfort as best she could those who flocked to the schoolhouse, many of whom remained, too sick to crawl back to their homes. Young boys were asked to kill reindeer from nearby herds, the meat from which was turned into broth to feed the motherless babies and sick adults. As more and more died, their bodies were first removed to vacant school rooms and eventually to the Presbyterian Church where they were placed side by side awaiting eventual burial. Family sled dogs, uncared for by dying adults, broke their tethers and roamed the streets seeking food where they could find it, including frozen human remains residing in abandoned Inupiat houses.

39. New Zealand Historical Data Compiled by Dawn Chambers. Includes missing persons 1888 and 1890, vaccination for smallpox (18481913)and 19th Century New Zealand periodicals. Alpabetical surname index. http://homepages.paradise.net.nz/~dchamber/home.htm

New Zealand Historical Data Established 29 May 1999 - Last updated 21 Mar 2003 Top What's New NZ Society of Genealogists CD-ROM (Updated 01 Dec 2001) ... Fires (1876-1892) - indexed by place Missing Persons (Salvation Army) Places Ships (mostly NZ coastal) Vaccination for Smallpox Weather Summaries Feb 1868, 1877-1900 Index to Names A B C D ... W X Y Z Created and compiled by Dawn Chambers email: d.chambers@paradise.net.nz PO Box 30380, Lower Hutt New Zealand Pictures Chambers Genealogies

40. Edward Jenner Collection At Bartleby.com Includes etexts of the three publications about smallpox vaccination. http://www.bartleby.com/people/Jenner-E.html

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