81. Communicating Risks Associated With A Possible Smallpox Communicating Risks Associated With A Possible smallpoxAttack Parker A. Small, Jr., MD and John Paling, PhD. http://ccl.ichp.edu/smallpox/

Communicating Risks Associated With A Possible Smallpox Attack Parker A. Small, Jr., MD and John Paling, PhD Why You Do Not Need a Smallpox Vaccination Six Steps to Help Citizens Decide Whether to Get Vaccinated What type of strategy is required for smallpox? Click Here to View the Paling Perspective Scales ... Important Smallpox Websites Brief Bios: Parker A. Small Jnr., MD was a charter member of the National Vaccine Advisory Committee appointed by President Regan. His research has focused on vaccines for over 3 decades. He is a Professor of Pathology and Pediatrics at the University of Florida College of Medicine. The ideas expressed here are his own and do not necessarily represent those of the university. He may be contacted at 3454 N.W. 12 th Avenue, Gainesville, Florida Voice (352) 378 4284 E- mail small@pathology.ufl.edu John Paling, PhD is an expert in the field of communicating risks. He has wide experience teaching effective risk communication in fields as diverse as chemical weapons to heart valves; and arsenic pollution to amniocentesis. He runs his consulting company from Gainesville, FL and may be contacted at 5822 N.W. 91 Boulevard, Gainesville Florida, . Voice (352) 377 2142. E-mail johnpaling@atlantic.net

82. President Delivers Remarks On Smallpox President Bush Friday announced a plan to better protect the American peopleagainst the threat of smallpox attack by hostile groups or governments. http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/12/20021213-7.html

Policies in Focus National Security Homeland Security Economic Security More Issues News Current News Video Press Briefings Proclamations ... Radio Addresses News by Date March 2003 February 2003 January 2003 December 2002 ... January 2001 Appointments Nominations Application Photos Photo Essays Federal Facts Federal Statistics West Wing History Home December 2002 For Immediate Release Office of the Press Secretary December 13, 2002 President's Remarks view listen President Delivers Remarks on Smallpox Remarks by the President on Smallpox Vaccination Dwight D. Eisenhower Executive Office Building Room 450 Fact Sheet Background Information FAQ 2:12 P.M. EST THE PRESIDENT: Good afternoon. Since our country was attacked 15 months ago, Americans have been forced to prepare for a variety of threats we hope will never come. We have stepped up security at our ports and borders, we've expanded our ability to detect chemical and biological threats, we've increased support for first responders, we made public made our public health care system better able to track and treat disease. By preparing at home and by pursuing enemies abroad, we're adding to the security of our nation. I thank the members of my team who are here who are adding to the security of our nation. One potential danger to America is the use of the smallpox virus as a weapon of terror. Smallpox is a deadly but preventable disease. Most Americans who are 34 or older had a smallpox vaccination when they were children. By 1972, the risk of smallpox was so remote that routine vaccinations were discontinued in the United States. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been completely irradiated and, since then, there has not been a single natural case of the disease anywhere in the world.

83. Protecting Americans: Smallpox Vaccination Program For Immediate Release December 13, 2002. Protecting Americans smallpoxVaccination Program. Today governments smallpox Response Teams http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/12/20021213-1.html

Policies in Focus National Security Homeland Security Economic Security More Issues News Current News Video Press Briefings Proclamations ... Radio Addresses News by Date March 2003 February 2003 January 2003 December 2002 ... January 2001 Appointments Nominations Application Photos Photo Essays Federal Facts Federal Statistics West Wing History Home December 2002 For Immediate Release December 13, 2002 Protecting Americans: Smallpox Vaccination Program Today, the President announced a plan to better protect the American people against the threat of smallpox attack by hostile groups or governments: Smallpox Response Teams Under the plan, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) will work with state and local governments to form volunteer Smallpox Response Teams who can provide critical services to their fellow Americans in the event of a smallpox attack. To ensure that Smallpox Response Teams can mobilize immediately in an emergency, health care workers and other critical personnel will be asked to volunteer to receive the smallpox vaccine. The federal government is not recommending vaccination for the general public at this time. There may be some members of the general public who insist on being vaccinated now. Our public health agencies will work to accommodate them, but that is not our recommendation at this time.

84. Smallpox Vaccination Program Implementation Committee on smallpox Vaccination Program Implementation The Committee'sSecond meeting took place on February 1314, 2003 in Washington, DC. http://www.iom.edu/IOM/IOMHome.nsf/Pages/Smallpox Vaccination

At 11:00 a.m. on March 27, 2003 the committee released its second letter report to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. To view a copy of the report in pdf format, please click the link below. Letter Report #2 Meeting #3: May 1, 2003 The committee's next public meeting will be held on Thursday, May 1, 2003 in Washington, DC. Representatives from national, state, and local public health departments, hospitals, health systems, and health plans will discuss their experiences in the implementation of the smallpox vaccination program to date, lessons learned, and how they are defining and measuring smallpox preparedness. This discussion will help provide a national "snapshot" of how the smallpox vaccination program is proceeding. If you'd like to attend this meeting, please register by clicking the link below. Registration forms must be submitted no later than Wednesday, April 16, 2003. This meeting will also be webcast in "real" time. A draft agenda and details about the webcast will be posted on this site closer to the date of the meeting. REGISTER FOR MEETING #3 HERE Committee on Smallpox Vaccination Program Implementation The Committee's Second meeting took place on February 13-14, 2003 in Washington, DC.

85. Smallpox Vaccination 101 smallpox Vaccinations Chet Day presents the latest news, articles, editorial opinions,and anything else he considers interesting, controversial, or worth http://smallpoxvaccination101.com/

Smallpox Vaccination 101 On this site, you'll find links to the latest news, articles, editorial opinions, and anything else interesting, controversial, or worth pondering on the topic of smallpox and smallpox vaccines. Smallpox Vaccination 101 is updated as news warrants and is managed by natural health writer Chet Day , who prefers the human immune system to man-made vaccines with questionable records. If you want a smallpox vaccination, that's your decision, but at least do it from an informed point of view. Smallpox Vaccine Newsletter In this free email publication I alert you to site updates and also share my spin as to what I think is really going on. First Name Your E-mail Your privacy is guaranteed. Breaking News and Featured Stories for Possible Heart Problems From Smallpox Vaccine Wednesday, March 26, 2003 Washington (AP) Federal officials are investigating whether the smallpox vaccine contributed to the heart attack death of a Maryland woman and brought on heart problems in six others. The vaccination has never been associated with heart problems before, but health officials are recommending that people with a history of heart trouble refrain from being vaccinated while authorities investigate a possible link.

86. Smallpox(Variola) smallpox (Variola). What is smallpox? smallpox is an acute infectious diseasecaused by a virus. How is smallpox spread? smallpox is highly contagious. http://hlunix.hl.state.ut.us/els/epidemiology/epifacts/smallpox.html

Smallpox (Variola) What is smallpox? Smallpox is an acute infectious disease caused by a virus. No one has naturally contracted smallpox since 1977. Smallpox was declared eradicated from the earth in 1980. However, the events of September and October 2001 have emphasized the need to be prepared for a biologic attack using smallpox as a weapon. How is smallpox spread? What are the symptoms of smallpox? There are two types of smallpox: variola major and variola minor. Variola major is the more severe form and has a 30-50% fatality rate among those who are unvaccinated (3% in vaccinated persons). Variola minor has a 1-2% fatality rate in unvaccinated individuals. There are two rare and more serious forms of smallpox. In the most severe, known as purpura variolosa or hemorrhagic-type smallpox, the initial stage of the illness (before the rash appears) is accompanied by a dark, purplish, blotchy flushing of the skin. People who developed purpura variolosa usually have a severe loss of blood into the skin and internal organs (hemorrhage), and die before the typical smallpox rash appears. About 3% of the persons with variola major develop purpura variolosa. Another rare and deadly form of smallpox is referred to as flat-type smallpox affects about 5% of the persons with variola major. Persons with this form of the disease have lesions that develop more slowly, never raised above the surface of the skin, and feel soft to the touch. If people with flat smallpox survive, they rarely experience severe scarring. Both purpura variolosa and flat smallpox are virtually never seen in persons infected with variola minor.

87. WebMD - What Is Smallpox? smallpox is a highly contagious virus that can be spread through the air. Here'swhat you should know about this dangerous virus. What Is smallpox? http://my.webmd.com/content/article/1680.53288

WebMD Today Home WebMD Newscenter Member Services WebMD University My WebMD Find a Doctor, Clinic Medical Info Check Symptoms Medical Library Quizzes, Calculators Clinical Trials ... Family Genetics Who We Are About WebMD Health Mall Sponsored: Lose Lbs Naturally Heart Failure? Trouble Focusing? What Is Smallpox? WebMD Medical News Reviewed By Michael Smith, MD By Liza Jane Maltin WebMD Medical News Smallpox is a highly contagious virus that can be spread from person to person and infects 30% of the people who are exposed to it. Once infected, there is no cure. None of our current antiviral medications is effective. Smallpox can spread from person to person and through infected blankets, linens, and clothing. Experts consider it a likely weapon of choice for use in a bioterrorist attack. Symptoms don't start until about 12 days after exposure to the virus. At first, it's like the flu causing an under-the-weather feeling of fever, nausea, vomiting, headache, and backache. Then, severe abdominal pain and disorientation can set in, as small, round sores erupt all over the skin. About 30% of people who become infected will die, and survivors can be left with permanent scars. Of course, vaccination can prevent smallpox infection. But the World Health Organization's worldwide vaccination campaign, begun in 1967, came to an end in 1980 when the disease was officially declared "eradicated." Here in the U.S., where smallpox was stamped out even earlier, childhood vaccination ceased in 1972.

88. SWABI: Smallpox Epidemic Spreading In Swabi -DAWN - Local; 09 June, 2002 Click to learn more Please Visit our Sponsor (Ads open in separate window)SWABI smallpox epidemic spreading in Swabi By Muqaddam Khan. http://www.dawn.com/2002/06/09/local23.htm

09 June 2002 Sunday 27 Rabi-ul-Awwal 1423 Please Visit our Sponsor (Ads open in separate window) SWABI: Smallpox epidemic spreading in Swabi By Muqaddam Khan SWABI, June 8: The smallpox epidemic is rapidly spreading in these parts of the province, but the district health department has failed to take any step to contain this deadly disease, Dawn learnt here on Saturday. It has been reported from different parts of the Swabi district that a large number of children have suffered from smallpox, but the authorities concerned have failed to take any action to prevent this disease or immunize the people against it. Smallpox is a fatal disease which causes high fever, leaves permanent marks on the skin and spreads very fast. Timely treatment and precautionary measures are vital for controlling this malady. A health official said that the dilemma of the people was that they were not aware of the danger aspects of this ailment as the children suffering from it have neither been kept in isolation nor properly treated. And this resulted in the spread of the virus. In most of the cases, the children of a family or those living close to each other, contract it at one and the same time.

89. BBC - Drama - Smallpox to terrifying consequences. Reactions ». Science of smallpox, Historyof smallpox, Behind the Scenes of smallpox 2002. Find out what http://www.bbc.co.uk/smallpox2002/

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH MONDAY 31st March 2003 Text only BBC Homepage Entertainment Drama ... Help Like this page? Send it to a friend! Repeated Sat 18 January 2003, 11.25pm, BBC TWO. This powerful drama-documentary interweaves fact with fiction to show how a single act of bioterrorism leads to terrifying consequences. Find out what makes the virus so dangerous and vote whether the remaining stocks should be destroyed Discover the history of this deadly disease , and how it was developed into a terrorist weapon Hear how it all began from the film's producer Simon Chinn , and discover how they made it seem so real Find out what it takes to make a docu-drama, view the credits , or read the live chat with the producers. Find out about the characters from the drama and hear what certain actors felt about the programme Meet the staff at Holby City Hospital All the gossip from the world of soaps Buy the best of BBC Drama on video. Privacy

90. The Morning News - Love In The Time Of Smallpox Love in the Time of smallpox Dennis Mahoney, 14 February 2003. Play it safe –with so many venereal diseases, smallpox is the least of your worries. http://www.themorningnews.org/archives/editorial/love_in_the_time_of_smallpox.sh

MASTHEAD CONTACT ARCHIVES Love in the Time of Smallpox Dennis Mahoney , 14 February 2003 Go about Your Love Life ‘Chatter’ Hearts A Night on the Town Have dinner in an elegant dining car, as long as the train is speeding away from major metropolitan areas and remains above-ground at all times. Rent a room at your favorite hotel and order room service. Stay on the ground floor. Familiarize yourself with exit routes and fire-extinguisher locations. Spend the day at a theme park or zoo. Except Disney. A Cozy Night at Home Make some popcorn and hot chocolate, cuddle up on the couch, and keep abreast of the latest domestic and international developments. Call your favorite radio station and dedicate a song to your love. Use a battery-powered radio to listen for your dedication, and whatever official emergency instructions may be broadcast in the event of a catastrophe. Relax and Enjoy! Dennis A. Mahoney has abandoned work on the Great American Novel. He is currently writing Great World Literature. Articles by section or author - S E C T I O N S - Album of the Week Editorial New York, New York

91. FOXNews.com smallpox. Tuesday, January 28, 2003. What Is It? Scientifically knownas variola, smallpox is among the few contagious bioterror agents. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,76860,00.html

Smallpox Tuesday, January 28, 2003 OAS_AD('Middle'); What Is It? Scientifically known as variola, smallpox is among the few contagious bioterror agents. The last naturally occurring case was in Somalia in 1977 and the World Health Organization declared it eradicated in 1980. Symptoms are severe and permanently disfiguring. To pass the disease on to someone else, direct face-to-face contact is required. It falls somewhere between tuberculosis and chickenpox in its level of contagiousness. Smallpox is lethal in about 30 percent of all cases. Two other forms of smallpox are historically rare but usually fatal: Purpura Variolosa , or hemorrhagic-type smallpox, and Flat-type smallpox . These two variations usually develop in 3 percent and 5 percent, respectively, of people infected with variola major Variola minor , a variation of the smallpox virus, is less severe than the major strain, and kills about 1 percent of those infected. After the anthrax attacks in the United States in the fall of 2001, the U.S. government ordered production of enough smallpox vaccine to vaccinate the entire U.S. population should it be needed. How Is It Spread?

92. Modern History Sourcebook: Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (1689-1762): Smallpox Vacci Back to Modern History SourceBook. Modern History Sourcebook LadyMary Wortley Montagu (16891762) smallpox Vaccination in Turkey. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/montagu-smallpox.html

Back to Modern History SourceBook Modern History Sourcebook: Lady Mary Wortley Montagu : Smallpox Vaccination in Turkey In 1717 Lady Montague arrived with her husband, the British ambassador, at the court of the Ottoman Empire. She wrote voluminously of her travels. In this selection she noted that the local practice of deliberately stimulating a mild form of the disease through innoculation conferred immunity. She had the procedure performed on both her children. By the end of the eighteenth century, the English physician Edwardjenner was able to cultivate a serum in cattle, which, when used in human vaccination, eventually led to the worldwide eradication of the illness. Your friend, etc. etc. Source: From Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, Letters of the Right Honourable Lady My Wy Me: Written During her Travels in Europe, Asia and Africa. . . , vol. 1 (Aix: Anthony Henricy, 1796), pp. 167-69; letter 36, to Mrs. S. C. from Adrianople, n.d. This text is part of the Internet Modern History Sourcebook . The Sourcebook is a collection of public domain and copy-permitted texts for introductory level classes in modern European and World history. © Paul Halsall, July 1998

93. AlterNet: Bush's Smallpox Boondoggle Maria Tomchick Bush's smallpox vaccination plan is a misguided attempt to convinceus he's doing something to make the country safer, while helping out his http://www.alternet.org/story.html?StoryID=15044

94. TAP: Vol 14, Iss. 2. The ABCs Of Smallpox. Marc Siegel. Mary Lynn F. Jones reports. Send a letter to the editor. The ABCs of smallpox Whichmethods of treatment make sense and why By Marc Siegel Issue Date 2.1.03. http://www.prospect.org/print/V14/2/siegel-m.html

Politics: Remember Yorktown: Pierre Taminiaux on the French-American alliance that once was and could be again. Conference Call: The Fund for American Studies responds to TAP Online ; our author counters. Divisional Playoff: Garrett Epps on two new plays that ask how America became divided into "red" and "blue" regions and which one is winning. Senator's Senator: Mary Lynn F. Jones on why Daniel Patrick Moynihan was a rare kind of politician. Law Review: Scalia on gay rights; Breyer on 17th-century poetry. E.J. Graff reports from a Supreme Court divided on the Texas sodomy case. [Note: This headline has been changed since its original publication.] Offensive Interference: Robert Kuttner on how war distracts from outlandish Bush policies. Dissent in America: Michael Tomasky on the campaign to force protesters to keep it zipped. No Nam: Michael Tomasky says the war may be ill-advised, but don't call it a quagmire. Send a letter to the editor Paved With Good Intentions: Noy Thrupkaew on The Quiet American and the din of imperialism.

95. Smallpox Information From IAC smallpox Information. Source JAMA, August 6, 1997, Vol. 278(5)399411 http//jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v278n5/ffull/jsc71014.html.Return to top. smallpox Photos. http://www.immunize.org/bioterror/smallpox.htm

Home page Bioterrorism index Smallpox Information CDC info Journal articles Photos Vaccine info ... Other resources Information from CDC ACIP "Latest ACIP smallpox recommendation" Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/vaccination/acip-guidelines.asp Website "CDC Smallpox Webpage-Updates" Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/index.asp "Notice to Readers: Smallpox Vaccine Adverse Events Among CiviliansUnited States, 2003" Source: MMWR, March 21, 2003, Vol. 52(11):229 www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5211a7.htm "Smallpox Vaccine Adverse Events Among CiviliansUnited States, March 4-10, 2003" Source: MMWR, March 14, 2003, Vol. 52(10):201-203 www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5210a5.htm "Smallpox Vaccine Adverse Events Among CiviliansUnited States, February 25-March 3, 2003" Source: MMWR, March 7, 2003, Vol. 52(9):180-181, 191

96. ABCNEWS.com : Anthrax And Smallpox 101 Anthrax and smallpox 101 Jason S. Kendler, MD; Weill CornellMedical College of Cornell University, New York. http://abcnews.go.com/sections/living/Healthology/anthrax_smallpox011004.html

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97. ABCNEWS.com : CIA Hunts Smallpox/Iraq Connection American intelligence officials are investigating whether a Russian scientist transferreda particularly lethal strain of smallpox to the government of Iraq in http://abcnews.go.com/sections/wnt/DailyNews/Iraq_smallpox021203.html

var SectionID="WNT"; var SubsectionID="DailyNews"; var NameID="Iraq_smallpox021203"; var flash = 0; var ShockMode = 0; var Flash_File_Path = "http://adimages.go.com/ad/sponsors/compaq/comp-log0302/comp-log0302.swf"; var default_image = "http://adimages.go.com/ad/sponsors/compaq/comp-log0302/comp-log0302.gif"; var default_alttext = "visit hp.com"; var ad_width = "95"; var ad_height = "30"; on error resume next FlashInstalled = (IsObject(CreateObject("ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash.4"))) If FlashInstalled = "True" then flash = 1 End If Good Morning America World News Tonight Primetime Nightline ... This Week March 31, 2003 HOMEPAGE NEWS SUMMARY US INTERNATIONAL ... TRAVEL FEATURED SERVICES RELATIONSHIPS SHOPPING DOWNLOADS WIRELESS INTERACT BOARDS CHAT NEWS ALERTS CONTACT ABC U.S. officials believe they can trace strains to Iraq. U.S. intelligence officials are worried that Iraq has a strain of the smallpox virus. (ABCNEWS.com) Smallpox in Iraq? CIA Investigates Allegations that Soviet Scientist Transferred Virus to Iraq By Brian Ross Dec. 3

98. Scared Of Smallpox Scared of smallpox. So why are federal health officials suddenly askingfor $500 million to buy 300 million doses of the smallpox vaccine? http://www.msnbc.com/news/644719.asp

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Search ... Money Children waiting for vaccinations in Queens, N.Y., in 1947 Scared of Smallpox The government wants to build up supplies of the vaccine. Is this a real threat? By Jennifer Barrett NEWSWEEK WEB EXCLUSIVE Smallpox vaccinations in the United States were discontinued nearly 30 years ago, and the last known case anywhere in the world was in 1977. So why are federal health officials suddenly asking for $500 million to buy 300 million doses of the smallpox vaccine? eDiets Diet Center Loan Center Yellow Pages Newsletters ... MSN Broadband Jonathan B. Tucker: Ongoing Coverage: National News International News Web-exclusive Archives standards of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Instead, the vaccine virus will be grown in living animal cells suspended in a nutrient medium in a stainless-steel tank known as a bioreactor. Developing the new production process, scaling it up, and ensuring that the new vaccine is safe and effective, will all take time. Even if all 300 million doses can be produced by the end of 2002, a task that will pose major technical challenges, the new vaccine will not have been approved by the FDA. Thus, it could only be administered in an emergency situation as an Investigational New Drug, requiring informed consent. Finally, whether or not Congress is prepared to appropriate more than $500 million to acquire smallpox vaccine remains to be seen. Mankind's weapons of terror MSNBC Interactive A look at the threat, nature and effects of biological weaponry

99. Smallpox What You Need To Know Thousands of Americans have already received smallpox vaccinations, but questionsstill linger about the vaccine and its risks. smallpox What you need to know. http://www.msnbc.com/news/819847.asp

100. USATODAY.com - Two Soldiers Develop Bad Reactions To Smallpox Two soldiers have had potentially serious reactions days after receiving the smallpoxvaccine, but no problems have been reported among more than 400 civilian http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2003-02-05-smallpox_usat_x.htm

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