61. L'Oiseau Bleu (The Blue Bird)--SSPE Can panencephalitis be prevented? What is the suggested treatment? ProfessorPhilippe Reinert. What is subacute sclerosing panencephalitis? http://oiseau.bleu.free.fr/en/en_disease1.html

s="na";c="na";j="na";f=""+escape(document.referrer) FAQ about SSPE Information collected from Professor Reinert, Head of the Pediatrics Department at Hôpital Intercommunal de Créteil (France) What is Post-Measles Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis? What do we know about the mechanisms of the disease? Why is the body unable to fight this virus? Can panencephalitis be prevented? ... What is the suggested treatment? Professor Philippe Reinert. What is Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis? Post-Measles Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis, or Van Bogaert's disease, is a progressive neurological disorder, caused by the measles virus, that affects various structures of the brain. The disease appears, from unknown causes, several years after an attack of uncomplicated measles and usually between the ages of 4 and 14. The first steps are insidious, with symptoms of apathy, night fears, irritation, hallucination and decrease of school performances. Sometimes convulsions occur. A few months later abrupt involuntary movements (myoclonia) may appear, along with hypertonia of the limbs and further intellectual decline. What do we know about the mechanisms of the disease?

62. SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS (SSPE) - PARTIAL CLINICAL IMPROVEMENT AND CL subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) PARTIAL CLINICAL IMPROVEMENTAND CLINICAL-ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATION A CASE REPORT. http://www.kenes.com/espid2001/ESPID_Abstracts/162.htm

SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS (SSPE) - PARTIAL CLINICAL IMPROVEMENT AND CLINICAL-ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATION : A CASE REPORT P. Gerner, P. Borusiak, S. Wirth Children's Hospital, Klinikum Wuppertal, Germany Long-term improvement and plateaus are rare in patients with SSPE. Approximately 60% of the affected patients die within the first two years after onset. Especially young children tend to have a poor prognosis. There is scarce information about long-term survivors with an onset below the age of 10 years. Conclusion: Partial clinical improvement also exists in patients with an onset of SSPE below the age of 10 years and seems to be correlated with the electroencephalographical findings.

63. MMR The Facts some serious illnesses. What are the risks to my child if I go aheadwith MMR immunisation? subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. http://www.mmrthefacts.nhs.uk/library/subacute.php

Home MMR library MMR and risk Monday March 31 2003 MMR library MMR and risk The MMR vaccine has been linked to some serious illnesses. What are the risks to my child if I go ahead with MMR immunisation? Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare condition that can develop some years after natural measles infection and causes brain damage and death. People who were infected at a young age are at most risk from developing SSPE. The average time between someone having measles to the first symptoms of SSPE is around 8 years, and death invariably follows. Since the introduction of measles vaccine in the 1960s, the numbers of people diagnosed with SSPE has decreased dramatically, and the death rate from SSPE is expected to fall even further. Measles and MMR vaccine directly protects against SSPE. Search MMR The facts Whole site MMR Questions MMR library MMR News Search tips Browse by topic Resources to print MMR video for parents Glossary MMR and risk ... Home

64. Directory :: Look.com subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (4) See Also. NORD subacute sclerosing panencephalitisOffers the synonyms, a general discussion and further resources. http://www.look.com/searchroute/directorysearch.asp?p=527089

65. APPELLI MEDICI URGENTI 1995 Translate this page a cui si rimanda, ed in cui e' riportato subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.Various early reports indicated that some patients http://www.fatateam.org/appello95.html

dall'Aprile 1995... APPELLI MEDICI URGENTI Questa pagina, a cura dell'Associazione Scientifica per l'utilizzo interdisciplinare delle tecnologie multimediali ~ FATA Team, Si ricorda che gli Appelli devono esserci indirizzati preferibilmente da Medici, per poter disporre di corretti elementi valutativi: se l'appello dovesse partire da privati e' consigliato farlo redigere da un Medico. Adelio Schieroni Potete inviare i Vosti Appelli anche in Inglese e Francese al fine di aumentare le possibilita' di aiuto. Al servizio del Cittadino Questo servizio e` rilanciato in rete da: Progetto di Comunicazione Globale realizzato da See in collaborazione con Associazione Scientifica FATA Team nel contesto del Progetto Distance Learning del Network Internazionale EgoCreaNET Laboratorio di Ricerca Educativa, Facolta` di Scienze Universita` di Firenze Diffondete questi Appelli Grazie Questi sono gli Appelli pubblicati nel 1995 appelli anno 1996 appelli anno 1997 Infomed medicina ad salutem reducere 14 dicembre 1995 Carlo Conserva ci scrive: Vi giro il seguente messaggio: Sender: "Anatoly A. TOKAR" (tokar@zoomus.freenet.kiev.ua)

66. WebGuest - Open Directory Health Conditions And Diseases Sites Adam An Overview - subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, adefinition and a look at the causes, incidence and risk factors. http://directory.webguest.com/index.cgi/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Neurologi

67. DrRecommend: Infection Reference index25 PriceWeb site is free URLhttp//www.animalhealthchannel.com/rabies/3.NORD subacute sclerosing panencephalitis The National Organization http://www.drrecommend.com/Infection

sitetype='health'; site='drrecommend.com'; barcategory='infection'; barpath="http://drrecommend.com/Infection/"; Specials: American Express 5% cashback no-fee card. Vitamin Shoppe up to 75% off retail. Additional Resources (not subjected to our MD rating) Drug Store Search: REFERENCE: Medifocus subject reports. AESTHETIC: E-hair-loss DIABETIC: NutriCounter Vitality Medical. Wright ... Stuff diabetes. DIET: NutriCounter NutriSystem Weight Loss. Rainbow ... Light Nutrition. DRUGS: DrugStore EMERGENCY SUPPLIES: Red Cross. EQUIPMENT: Vitality Medical for patients. Professional: AllHeart Professional Medical Supplies. Vitality Medical. EXERCISE: Premier Fitness. Tai Chi. ... TotalGym Equipment: International Jock. Orbitrek Exerciser and other Wonderful Buys. ... Gym 3000 and other best TV buys. Post-Natal: BodyTrends GADGETRY FOR HEALTH: Gold Violin Gadgets. WrightStuff arthritis. HERBS AND VITAMINS: General: Dr . Whitaker Healthy Directions. DrSinatra GetVitamins ... Vitamins. Muscle: Body By Jake. Specialized: Thane Youth Cocktail. HOTLINES: Keen pregnancy talk. INSURANCE: My Family Protection insurance.

68. ARAKAWA · Efficient isolation of subacute sclerosing panencephalitisvirus from patient brains by reference to magnetic resonance and computed http://www.med.osaka-cu.ac.jp/med2001/oguraprofile.html

¬‘q@šæ‹³ŽöƒvƒƒtƒB[ƒ‹ ‘åãŽs—§‘åŠw‘åŠw‰@ˆãŠwŒ¤‹†‰È‹³Žö@_ŒoƒEƒCƒ‹ƒXŠ´õŠw Œ¤‹†‰Û‘èF Œ¤‹†‹ÆÑF E Efficient isolation of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus from patient brains by reference to magnetic resonance and computed tomographic images Journal of Neurovirology 3(4): 304-309, 1997 E Nucleotide sequences of the matrix protein gene of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis viruses compared with local contemporary isolates from patients with acute measles Virus Research 54(1): 107-115, 1998 E The matrix gene expression of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) virus (Osaka-1 strain): a comparison of two sibling viruses isolated from different lobes of an SSPE brain Microbiology and Immunology 42(11): 773-780, 1998 E Aetiology of delayed facial palsy after vestibular schwannoma surgery: clinical data and hypothesis Acta Neurochirurgica 140(9): 913-917, 1998 E Different transcriptional expression of the matrix gene of the two sibling viruses of thesubacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus (Osaka-2 strain) isolated from a biopsy specimen of patient brain Journal of Neurovirology 5(2): 151-160, 1999

69. Neurologia Dzieciêca - Streszczenia subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) the past and perspectivesJerzy Kulczycki Abstract The paper presents the development http://free.med.pl/ptnd/estresz21.html

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) - the past and perspectives Jerzy Kulczycki Abstract: Key words: SSPE epidemiology, measles vaccine. Benign partial epilepsies in infancy El¿bieta Szczepanik, Michaela Pakszys Abstract: Benign infantile partial epilepsies (BPEI) with complex partial seizures or/and secondary generalized seizures are characterized by a high incidence of family history of benign convulsions, infantile onset, normal development before and after onset of the disease, no underlying disorders, no neurological abnormalities, normal interictal EEGs and good response to treatment. The aim was to examine the occurrence of benign partial epilepsy in infancy in own patients. A group of 216 children who developed epilepsy within the first 2 years of age was evaluated. 16 patients (7.4%) fulfilled cryteria for recognition of BPEI (8 girls and 8 boys). Five patients (31%) had a positive family history. The average age of onset was 5 months and the last seizures occurred at average age of 8.6 months. The average period of seizures persistence was 3.0 months. All patients had normal neurodevelopmental status. Mean period of follow- up was 3.6 years (range: above 1-6 years). Benign infantile partial epilepsies occur more common among childhood epilepsies than previously reported.

70. Medinfo: MMR Vaccination subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. subacute sclerosing panencephalitis(SSPE) is a rare condition which causes degeneration of http://www.medinfo.co.uk/immunisations/mmr.html

index search health books site map MMR Vaccination MMR vaccine is a three part vaccine, given by injection, which is to protect (immunise) against Measles Mumps and German Measles (Rubella). In the UK it is given to children at 12 to 15 months, with a reinforcing dose (a booster) before school, usually between 3 and 5 years. The Vaccine The vaccine is a freeze-dried preparation which contains live virus particles of the three viruses, which have been modified (attenuated) to stop them from producing the full effects of the disease. The vaccine is given, by injection, into the thigh or upper arm. It has been found that a booster, before school, makes it likely that more people will be properly protected. The idea is to fool the body's defence system into thinking it is under attack by the viruses, and to produce defence mechanisms (antibodies) which will fight off the conditions if they are encountered in the future. There is no risk of someone who has been vaccinated infecting other people with the viruses. Usually the vaccine is for children, but it can be given to non-immune adults. It is suggested that people in long term institutional care, who are not immune, should have the vaccine. It is also recommended that students starting at college or university, who have not received the vaccine previously, should be offered it.

71. Institut Of Psychiatry And Neurology Epidemiological studies on subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). (Subacutesclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) in Poland in the years 19931995. http://www.ipin.edu.pl/english/26.htm

FIRST DEPARTMENT OF NEUROLOGY Head: Associate Professor Danuta Ryglewicz, M.D., Ph.D. Consultants: Professor Emeritus Jerzy Kulczycki, M.D., Ph.D. Professor Emerita Wanda Sobczyk, M.D., Ph.D. Research Staff: Bo¿ena Iwiñska-Buksowicz, M.D., Ph.D.; W³odzimierz Kuran, M.D., Ph.D.; Ewa Pi³kowska, M.D., Ph.D. Units Neurology Ward for Adults Stroke Unit Intensive Care Unit Neurological Outpatient Clinic Main Research Areas Epidemiological studies on Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, cerebral stroke. Organization and coordination of multi-center clinical trials, analyses of statistical data, estimation of prevalence rates and risk factors, development of treatment standards (therapeutic procedures). Dementia syndromes - problems of differential diagnosis and evaluation of factors affecting prognosis. Biochemical studies: evaluation of LDL susceptibility to oxidation, estimation of E vitamin and homocystein levels, apoE identification (in collaboration with the Biochemistry Laboratory of the Department of Genetics), SPECT - regional blood flow assessment (in collaboration with the Isotope Department of the Institute of Oncology). Epilepsy (in collaboration with the EEG Laboratory of the Department of Neurophysiology, IPiN, and the Isotope Department of the Institute of Oncology) - evaluation of usefulness of joint neurophysiological and isotope examinations for the epileptic focus site estimation.

72. Patient 24 Selftest Patient 24 subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (MFS) 1. Patientswith all of the following conditions present with progressive http://www.bcm.tmc.edu/neurol/challeng/pat24/selftest.html

Patient #24 1. Patients with all of the following conditions present with progressive intellectual decline and hepatomegaly except: A. Tay-Sachs disease B. Hurler’s syndrome C. Niemann-Pick disease D. Gaucher's disease 2. All of the following are true statements concerning subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) except: A. Patients usually present with progressive intellectual decline, myoclonic jerks, and pyramidal and extrapyramidal deficits. B. The presence of elevated rubella antibody titers in the CSF is diagnostic. C. The EEG shows a characteristic abnormality of periodic sharp complexes every 4-14 seconds. D. CNS pathology is nonspecific and consistent with viral encephalitis. 3. The EEG in SSPE may show all of the following except: A. normal background activity B. periodic diphasic sharp wave complexes occurring every 8 seconds C. periodic generalized sharp waves occurring every second D. diffusely slow background with bifrontal slow activity 4. Regarding the epidemiology of SSPE, which of the following is false: A.

73. Baylor Neurology Case Of The Month Diagnosis subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) The clinical and laboratoryevidence supports a diagnosis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). http://www.bcm.tmc.edu/neurol/challeng/pat24/summary.html

Patient #24 Summary and Discussion Ericka P. Simpson, M.D. Chief Resident, Department of Neurology Diagnosis: Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) Patients with SSPE progress inexorably to a vegetative state and death. There is no effective treatment for the condition. The patient was started on anti-epileptic medications for seizure control and oral Inosoplex in order to slow the progression of the disease. He was then transferred to a local care facility near his home. Review of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis Chalmer McClure, M.D., Ph.D. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (Dawson's encephalitis) is a neurodegenerative disease due to persistent rubeola infection that affects children and young adults. Onset of the disease is insidious and often only recognized after significant neurologic deficits occur. Affected individuals progress through four loosely defined clinical stages at differing rates. Diagnosis of subscute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is based upon clinical presentation, a characteristic EEG, and abnormal CSF studies. Worldwide, the incidence of infection varies and is linked to implementation of early childhood rubeola vaccination. No proven effective treatment is currently available, although several medication trials are underway. Laboratory findings reveal increased serum and CSF rubeola IgG titers with normal IgM titers. Serum and CSF oligoclonal banding are also detected in the gamma region (Mehta, et al., 1994). The electroencephalogram (EEG) exhibits a characteristic periodic (4-12 second interval) high voltage (greater than 500 uV), sharp and slow wave complexes (Markland and Panszi, 1975). Early in the course of the disease these periodic discharges may occur on a normal background but later the background becomes increasingly slower and disrupted. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows early changes consisting of increased signal on the T2 sequence in the frontal, temporal, and occipital white matter; late changes include significant white matter loss (Brismar, et al., 1996). Approximately 30% of patients show basal ganglia changes, while 25% have cortical changes.

74. American Roentgen Ray Society subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Additional Information 1. Identify anddescribe the four clinical stages of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. http://www.arrs.org/edu/caseofweek/neuro/neuro98/cow97_0721/97_0721d.html

document.write(""+dayarray[day]+", "+montharray[month]+" "+date+", "+year+"") American Roentgen Ray Society AJR Case of the Week Discussion July 21, 1997 Joseph P. Comunale, Jr. and Linda A. Heier Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology The New York Hospital-Cornell University Medical Center Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis Additional Information: Eight weeks into the course of the disease a repeat CT demonstrated patchy areas of gray and white matter edema with subtle subcortical enhancement. The MR demonstrated nearly diffuse signal abnormality involving the cerebral white matter, the cortex and deep gray matter, the brachium pontis and brainstem. There were areas of subcortical enhancement. Four years earlier the patient had an uncomplicated course of measles. Discussion: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare fatal encephalitis occurring predominately in children years after a primary measles infection. The incidence is approximately one per million, however, it may rise given the measles resurgence of 1989-91. Unlike this case, the illness typically progresses slowly through four stages over a one to three year period and ultimately results in death. Its onset is marked by mental deterioration or behavior problems (Stage I). Motor signs, including convulsions and tremors then occur (Stage II), followed by coma and opisthotonus (Stage III). The final stage before death includes loss of cortical function.

75. S Louise Cosby immunohistochemical study of the distribution of the measles virus receptors, CD46and SLAM, in normal human tissues and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. http://www.ciir.qub.ac.uk/nvms/lcpub.htm

S Louise Cosby - Publications McQuaid S, Cosby SL. An immunohistochemical study of the distribution of the measles virus receptors, CD46 and SLAM, in normal human tissues and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Laboratory Investigation 2002; 82: 403-409 Heaney J, Barrett T, Cosby SL. Inhibition of in vitro leukocyte proliferation by morbilliviruses. Journal of Virology 2002; 76: 3579-3584. Galbraith SE, McQuaid S, Hamill L, Pullen L, Barrett T, Cosby SL. Rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants viruses exhibit neurovirulence in mice. Journal of Neurovirology 2002; 8: 45-52. Atkins GJ, McQuaid S, Morris-Downes MM, Galbraith SE, Amor S, Cosby SL, Sheahan BJ. Transient virus infection and multiple sclerosis. Reviews in Medical Virology 2000; 10: 291-303. Boyle C, Cosby SL, Markey GM, Alexander HD, Morris TCM. Quantitative deficiency of monocyte-specific esterase (MSE) mRNA in monocyte esterase deficiency (MED). British Journal of Haematology Helfrich MH, Hobson RP, Grabowski PS, Zurbriggen A, Cosby SL, Dickson GR, Fraser WD, Ooi CG, Selby PL, Crips AJ, Wallace RGH, Kahn S, Ralston SH. A negative search for a paramyxoviral etiology of pagets disease of bone; molecular, immunological and ultrastructural studies in UK patients. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2000; 15: 2315-2329. Duprex WP, Duffy I, McQuaid S, Hamill L, Cosby SL, Billeter MA, Schneider-Schaulies J, Ter meulen V, Rima BK. The H gene of rodent brain-adapted measles virus confers neuovirulence to the edmonston vaccine strain. Journal of Virology 1999; 73: 6916-6922.

76. Immunization Studies: Adverse Vaccine Reactions. Thinktwice! Disorders (Including Central Nervous System Damage, subacute sclerosing panencephalitisbrain disease, and GuillainBarre' syndrome paralysis) http://thinktwice.com/s_mmr.htm

www.thinktwice.com About Us Tell a Friend Home Frequently Asked Questions Individual Vaccines Articles ... Emotional Responses MMR (Measles, Mumps and Rubella) (Scientific Citations and Articles) This site documents hazards associated with the MMR (and measles) vaccines. The MMR Vaccine: Albonico, H., Klein, P., et al. “The immunization campaign against measles, mumps and rubella—coercion leading to a realm of uncertainty: medical objections to a continued MMR immunization campaign in Switzerland.” JAM 1992; 9(1). [180 European medical doctors oppose the use of MMR.] Wakefield, A., et al. “Measles, mumps and rubella vaccine: through a glass, darkly.” Adverse Drug Reaction and Toxicologica Reviews Templeton, S. “MMR vaccine should not have been licensed.” Sunday Herald (London: December 10, 2000). [Article] Petrovic, M., et al. “Second dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine: questionnaire survey of health professionals.” British Medical Journal 2001; 322:82-85. [Doctors and nurses do not recommend it.] BBC News. “Why Japan stopped using MMR,” (February 8, 2002). www.news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_1808000/1808316.stm

77. The Dictionary Of Cell And Molecular Biology - Online! Result of search for 6282. Welcome, new user. subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.(= SSPE). Chronic progressive illness seen in children http://www.mblab.gla.ac.uk/~julian/dict2.cgi?6282

78. Yam36_169-176.html Yonago Acta medica 1993;36169176 Clinicopathological Study of Long-Termsubacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) Survivors. Sadataka http://lib.med.tottori-u.ac.jp/yam/bef_41/yam36/yam36_169-176.html

Yonago Acta medica 1993;36:169-176 Clinicopathological Study of Long-Term Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) Survivors Two patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), both of whom survived for 10 years after disease onset, were retrospectively investigated to search for factors implicated in their long-term survival. An analysis of immunological titers, neurophysiological findings, CT findings and drug transformation revealed no difference between these patients and other SSPE background of the 2 patients also showed no specific tendencies. The brain of one of the 2 patients, who survived for 9 years and 6 months, showed severe and generalized atrophy with severe neuronal loss with numerous hypertrophied astrocytes and glial nodules. It was surprising that evidence of infectious reaction was present even in the neuropathological findings of the brain, which had been infected 10 years previously. Neither inclusion bodies nor immunohistochemically positive reactions to measles virus, however, were found in the brain tissue. Key words: SSPE; subacute sclerosing panencehalitis

79. Measles A very rare late complication is subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) causedby a mutated defective virus. SYNONYMS, Rubeola. PATHOGENESIS, CHARACTERIZATION. http://www.thedoctorsdoctor.com/diseases/MEASLES.HTM

Background Measles, also known as rubeola, is still a major cause of childhood deaths througout the world. It is caused by a RNA paramyxovirus and is spread by airborne contact. Ulcerated lesions in the mouth are an early sign of the disease and are called Koplik spots. A very rare late complication is subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) caused by a mutated defective virus. SYNONYMS Rubeola PATHOGENESIS CHARACTERIZATION Paramyxovirus RNA virus After infection, the virus enters the epithelium of the upper respiratory tract or the conjunctiva Initial replication phase of 4–6 days: Virus reaches the reticuloendothelial system and particularly affects the liver and spleen via lymphatics and blood vessels with further replication Giant cells with multiple nuclei are formed by cell fusion (Warthin-Finkeldey giant cells) First, cytotoxic T-cells and natural killer cells limit the spread of the virus B-cells are activated, which produce specific antibodies that eliminate the virus 8th and 12th days: Virus travels free in the blood or in mononuclear cells and arrives at the target organs: Epithelial tissues of the eye, lungs, intestines, and stomach where additional virus replication occurs, which causes the exanthem

80. Virus Diseases Vadivale (MY); About Hendra Virus and Nipah Virus - Dept of Health(UK); subacute sclerosing panencephalitis Brief notes about http://www.mic.ki.se/Diseases/c2.html

search help staff Virus Diseases Patients and laypersons looking for guidance among the target sources of this collection of links are strongly advised to review the information retrieved with their professional health care provider. Alphabetical List of Diseases Search PubMed at NCBI/NLM What The Heck is a Virus JC Brown ] - Kansas U. (US) Virus Structure - Molecular Expressions/Florida State Univ. (US) Principles of Virus Architecture L Stannard ] - (ZA) Virus Structure Resource [old pages] - Fuller Group, via Heidelberg (DE) Virology [text book chapter; M and R Hunt ] - Univ of South Carolina (US) Search the Universal Virus Database of ICTV , the Catalogue of Viruses , and a collection of Images of Viruses Virology Servers on the WWW and The Big Picture Book of Viruses , and a Virus Replication Tutorial - Tulane University/Garry Laboratory (US) Virus Images and Tutorials - Institute of Molecular Virology, Univ of Wisconsin (US) Some Virology Experiments - Univ of Leicester (UK) Beyond Chicken Soup (on the development of antivirals) [ WA Hazeltine ] - SciAm, Nov 2001

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