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         Systemic Lupus Erythematosus:     more books (101)
  1. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Companion to Rheumatology by George C. Tsokos, Caroline Gordon, et all 2007-01-18
  2. Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences)
  3. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Fourth Edition
  4. Coping With Lupus: A Practical Guide to Alleviating the Challenges of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Robert H. Phillips, 2001-06-04
  5. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, An Issue of Rheumatic Disease Clinics (The Clinics: Internal Medicine) by Ellen M. Ginzler MDMPH, 2010-03-31
  6. The Clinical Management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Books)
  7. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Webster's Timeline History, 2005 - 2007 by Icon Group International, 2009-02-23
  8. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Webster's Timeline History, 1951 - 2004 by Icon Group International, 2009-02-23
  9. Progress in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research by Thomas I. Seward, 2008-01
  10. Advances in systemic lupus erythematosus
  11. Recent Advances in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Paul-Henri Lambert, 1984-02-11
  12. Collagen-vascular diseases; systemic lupus erythematosus, acute dermatomyositis-polymyositis, progressive systemic sclerosis, polyarteritis nodosa by John Harold Talbott, 1974
  13. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  14. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Renal Vasculitis (Contributions to Nephrology) by A. Sessa, G. Meroni, 1992-09

1. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
systemic lupus erythematosus. What is systemic lupus erythematosus? systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) is a
http://www.goldscout.com/page2.html

2. Fact Sheet
systemic lupus erythematosus What is systemic lupus erythematosus? systemic lupus erythematosus (also called SLE or lupus) causes a variety of problems.
http://www.rheumatology.org/patients/factsheet/sle.html
Back to ACR Fact Sheets
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
What is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? Systemic lupus erythematosus (also called SLE or lupus) causes a variety of problems. It may cause skin rashes, arthritis, anemia, seizures or psychiatric illness, and often affects internal organs including the kidneys, lungs and heart. Once a disease with high mortality, SLE is now considered a chronic disease. In 1954, survival after 4 years was 50%; today it is more than 97%. CAUSE HEALTH IMPACT
  • Prevalence of SLE is 40 to 50 per 100,000. It is more common in certain ethnic groups, particularly among blacks. More than 85 percent of lupus patients are women.
DIAGNOSIS Because of its wide variety of symptoms, diagnosis is often difficult and requires a high degree of awareness among physicians. Typical features of SLE include:
  • A butterfly-shaped rash over the cheeks A skin rash appearing in areas exposed to the sun Sores in the mouth and nose Arthritis involving one or more joints Kidney inflammation Nervous system disorders including seizures, mental disorders and strokes

3. MEDLINEplus Medical Encyclopedia: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
the body's defenses against infection. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases, these
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000435.htm
Skip navigation
Medical Encyclopedia
Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Contents of this page:
Illustrations
Systemic lupus erythematosus Lupus, discoid - view of lesions on the chest Lupus, discoid on a child's face Systemic lupus erythematosus rash on the face ... Antibodies Alternative names Return to top Disseminated lupus erythematosus; SLE; Lupus; Lupus erythematosus Definition Return to top A chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disorder that may affect many organ systems including the skin, joints, and internal organs. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Normally the immune system controls the body's defenses against infection. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases , these defenses are turned against the body when antibodies are produced against its own cells. These antibodies fight against the body's blood cells, organs, and tissues, causing chronic diseases. The mechanism or cause of autoimmune diseases is not fully known.

4. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SlE)
Describes treatments from practitioners in China so with TCM herbal products and herbs. Information about books, qigong, tuina and acupuncture included.
http://www.tcmtreatment.com/images/diseases/sle.htm
You are browsing: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SlE)
The cause of SLE is unknown, but most of scholars hold the view that it may be related to autoimmunity and genetic factors. Many organs and connective tissues of the body may be involved. The disease is often accompanied with many serological and immunological changes. It is seen more often in young females. In TCM the disease is categorized as "xu lao" (consumptive diseases), "shui zhong" (edema), "bi zheng" (arthralgia-syndrome) "wen du fa ban" (epidemic disease with eruptions), etc. Main Points of Diagnosis 1.The onset of disease is slow, early symptoms include fatigue, anorexia, emaciation, arthralgia, low fever, skin rash, photosensitization, etc. The initial symptoms are usually atypical, and diagnosis is difficult. 2. Functional damages of multiple organs: As the disease progresses, there appear functional damages of the liver, kidney, cardiovascular, digestive and nervous systems. Cardiovascular and renal damages are predominant features and renal failure is the major cause of death.

5. Connective Tissue Disorders ~ Systemic Lupus Erthematosus (SLE)
Patient and RN present facts and support group for living with the disease.Category Health Conditions and Diseases Connective Tissue Lupus...... systemic lupus erythematosus. LUPUS means wolf ERYTHEMATOSUS means redness The namewas coined in 1851 because the facial rash looked like the bite of the wolf.
http://www.medakate.org/lupus.html
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Geo Report
LupusQuest Support Group Membership Message Board ... Lupus Flares L upus L iving tm and F ibromyalgia
by M eda K ate S ystemic L upus E rythematosus
    LUPUS means wolf ERYTHEMATOSUS means redness The name was coined in 1851 because the facial rash looked like the bite of the wolf . Many people call the face rash, the marlar butterfly rash. See for yourself.
    Lupus, the disease, is believed to have been described by Hippocrates around 400 BC. Lupus is not a new disease but has been described more in the last 150 years. Approximately 25 years ago, lupus was considered a terminal disease. Today, lupus can be controlled with proper medical treatment. There is no cure for lupus. Lupus is a chronic, inflammatory disease in which the body's immune system, instead of serving its normal protective function, forms antibodies that attack healthy tissues and organs. For most people, lupus is a mild disease affecting only a few body organs; for others, it may cause serious and even life - threatening problems. The number of Americans diagnosed with lupus is estimated at 500,000. Lupus is more common that muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, leukemia and Addison's Disease. LE usually is divided into 3 groups: Discoid LE, Systemic LE and Drug-induced Lupus.

6. Lupusstudy.org
Open research study at University of Minnesota seeking multiple family members with systemic disease to investigate why certain women are prone to this illness through identification of inherited genetic factors.
http://www.lupusstudy.org/
lupusstudy.org;http://160.94.107.54/lupus/; lupusstudy.org;http://160.94.107.54/lupus/;

7. Mixed Connective Tissue Disorder
An autoimmune process with symptoms of Scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus , Rheumatoid Arthritis and/or other autoimmune diseases. This page describes symptoms and treatments and has lists of useful links.
http://hometown.aol.com/lindartc/index.htm
htmlAdWH('7008213', '120', '30'); htmlAdWH('7004798', '234', '60'); Main Create Edit Help ... VIVIENDO CON EMTC What is Mixed Connective Tissue Disorder?
Mixed Connective Tissue Disorder is an autoimmune process with symptoms of Scleroderma, Myositis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus , Rheumatoid Arthritis and/or other autoimmune diseases. It is a description of a group of symptoms occurring together. This is different from a diagnosis that describes the underlying process. It is a disorder of the immune system, which normally functions to protect the body against invading infections and cancers, and toxins. In Mixed Connective Tissue Disorder, as in other autoimmune diseases parts of the complex immune system is over-active and produces increased amounts of abnormal antibodies that attack the patient's own organs. Sometimes MCTD is called Overlap Syndrome or Undifferentiated Mix Connective Tissue Disorder. Some writers discriminate between them claiming that each of these are different. Some argue MCTD is not a distinct entity at all, and is just one of the forms of Lupus or Scleroderma. MCTD can affect many parts of the body, including the joints, skin, kidneys, lungs, heart, endocrine, digestive, and nervous system, blood vessels which all are made up of connective tissue. There are reports of psychiatric disturbances similar to those found in Lupus. The signs and symptoms of MCTD differ from person to person, with the symptoms of either Lupus, or Scleroderma, or Myositis or other autoimmune disease being most prevalent. Since its manifestations can vary it is often misdiagnosed. The disease can range from mild to life threatening. It can be mild for many years, and then after about 20 years of having the disease a medical crisis may occur. The lungs and kidneys are particularly at risk. Lungs and kidneys symptoms are particularly serious involvement and should be monitored vigilantly by both the doctor and the patient.

8. SLE
Pathology of systemic lupus erythematosus The images as described below have file sizes ranging from 50 to 250k. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease with many manifestations.
http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/SLE/SLE.html
Pathology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Return to the tutorial menu. The images as described below have file sizes ranging from 50 to 250k.
General Features
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease with many manifestations. SLE is an autoimmune disease in which the body's own immune system is directed against the body's own tissues. The etiology of SLE is not known. It can occur at all ages, but is more common in young women. The production of autoantibodies leads to immune complex formation. The immune complex deposition in many tissues leads to the manifestations of the disease. Immune complexes can be deposited in glomeruli, skin, lungs, synovium, mesothelium, and other places. Many SLE patients develop renal complications.
Laboratory Testing
The presence of autoantibodies can usually be determined by the antinuclear antibody (ANA) test performed on patient serum from blood. The titer, or strength, of the ANA gives a rough indication of the severity of the disease. Not all positive ANA tests indicate autoimmune disease, particularly when the titer is low. After a positive screening ANA test, more specific tests for SLE include detection of autoantibodies to double stranded DNA and to Smith antigen.
  • Antinuclear antibody (ANA) test with homogenous pattern, Hep2 cell substrate, FITC immunofluorescence.
  • 9. Handout On Health: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
    systemic lupus erythematosus. This booklet is for people who havesystemic lupus erythematosus, commonly called SLE or lupus, as
    http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/topics/lupus/slehandout/
    Health Information Health Topics Order Publications Studies with Patients Patient Research Registries ... NIAMS Coalition Members Search NIAMS
    Health Topics
    Publication Date September 1997
    Revised February 2000
    Handout on Health: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Systemic Lupus Erythematosus This booklet is for people who have systemic lupus erythematosus, commonly called SLE or lupus, as well as for their family and friends and others who want to better understand the disease. The booklet describes the disease and its symptoms and contains information about diagnosis and treatment as well as current research efforts supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) and other components of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It also discusses issues such as health care, pregnancy, and quality of life for people with lupus. If you have further questions after reading this booklet, you may wish to discuss them with your doctor. Defining Lupus Lupus is a disorder of the immune system known as an autoimmune disease. In autoimmune diseases, the body harms its own healthy cells and tissues. This leads to inflammation and damage to various body tissues. Lupus can affect many parts of the body, including the joints, skin, kidneys, heart, lungs, blood vessels, and brain. Although people with the disease may have many different symptoms, some of the most common ones include extreme fatigue, painful or swollen joints (arthritis), unexplained fever, skin rashes, and kidney problems.

    10. THROMBOCYTOPENIA DURING PREGNANCY
    An in depth look at gestational thrombocytopenia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, HELLP syndrome, toxemia of pregnancy, TTP and HUS, systemic lupus erythematosus and APA syndrome.
    http://www.kfshrc.edu.sa/annals/182/97-160.html
    Review Article THROMBOCYTOPENIA DURING PREGNANCY Abdul Rahim Gari-Bai, Fachartz (Hematology) As platelets play an important role in primary and secondary hemostasis, any decrease in their count in peripheral blood causes justifiable concern. This is particularly the case during pregnancy, when bleeding problems, particularly during first and third trimester, as well as during and after delivery, often occur. Therefore, thrombocytopenia can be hazardous for pregnant women with such complications. As well, neonates are exposed to a great mechanical stress during the passage through the birth canal, and they may be affected by maternal thrombocytopenia. Because of such hazards to both mother and newborn, a good understanding of the various mechanisms of thrombocytopenia is needed. /l) is usually associated with bleeding risk only after trauma. Moderate thrombocytopenia (10-50x10 /L) can cause spontaneous but usually not serious bleeding. Such serious hemorrhages usually occur at levels below 10x10 /L. Bleeding risk is higher if thrombocytopenia is due to reduced production rather than increased consumption. Prophylactic platelet transfusion is recommended in the former, while in cases of peripheral destruction, platelets are only transfused on a therapeutic basis, i.e., in case of actual bleeding.

    11. SLE
    Pathology of systemic lupus erythematosus. Return to the tutorial menu. Systemiclupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease with many manifestations.
    http://medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/SLE/SLE.html
    Pathology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
    Return to the tutorial menu. The images as described below have file sizes ranging from 50 to 250k.
    General Features
    Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease with many manifestations. SLE is an autoimmune disease in which the body's own immune system is directed against the body's own tissues. The etiology of SLE is not known. It can occur at all ages, but is more common in young women. The production of autoantibodies leads to immune complex formation. The immune complex deposition in many tissues leads to the manifestations of the disease. Immune complexes can be deposited in glomeruli, skin, lungs, synovium, mesothelium, and other places. Many SLE patients develop renal complications.
    Laboratory Testing
    The presence of autoantibodies can usually be determined by the antinuclear antibody (ANA) test performed on patient serum from blood. The titer, or strength, of the ANA gives a rough indication of the severity of the disease. Not all positive ANA tests indicate autoimmune disease, particularly when the titer is low. After a positive screening ANA test, more specific tests for SLE include detection of autoantibodies to double stranded DNA and to Smith antigen.
  • Antinuclear antibody (ANA) test with homogenous pattern, Hep2 cell substrate, FITC immunofluorescence.
  • 12. LUPUS ASSOCIATION (SINGAPORE)
    About systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Singapore, for the layperson and the patient. Chinese guide also available.
    http://home1.pacific.net.sg/~lupusas/
    This page uses frames, but your browser doesn't support them.

    13. Lupus Trust Of New Zealand - Home Page
    Volunteer organisation dedicated to raising awareness of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) within the New Zealand community.
    http://www.lupus.org.nz/
    The Lupus Trust of New Zealand is a self-funded non-profit organization served by volunteers. Registered Charity Number AK1187700 We are committed to understanding and supporting people with Lupus and related autoimmune diseases. Please visit our Objectives page for further information.
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    14. Joint And Muscle Pain In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - Lupus Foundation O
    Words of Caution. Joint And Muscle Pain In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) FranciscoP. Quismorio, Jr., MD University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles
    http://www.lupus.org/education/brochures/jointpain.html
    Home About LFA Mailing List Chapter Locator ... Brochures search: Choose Section - Education - Support - LFA Research - What's New? - LFA In Action - News - Research - Awareness Lupus Disease - Cutaneous (skin) - Drug-Induced - Neonatal - Overlap - Systemic Education
    Information and

    Publications

    Support
    LFA Research ... What's New?
    Lupus Foundation
    of America, Inc.
    www.lupus.org

    1300 Piccard Drive,
    Suite 200
    Rockville, MD 20850-4303
    Phone (301)670-9292 Fax (301)670-9486 Contact Us Words of Caution Joint And Muscle Pain In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Francisco P. Quismorio, Jr., M.D. University of Southern California-Los Angeles Introduction More than 90 percent of people with SLE will experience joint and/or muscle pain at some time during the course of their illness. At the onset of the disease, the major complaint of more than half of SLE patients is pain in the joints.

    15. Advanced Search
    Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus An Update. 4. Diagnostic ConsiderationsTABLE 1 Classification Criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus*.
    http://www.aafp.org/afp/980600ap/petri.html

    Advanced Search

    Articles
    Departments Patient Information
    Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An Update
    MICHELLE PETRI, M.D., M.P.H.,
    Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
    Systemic lupus erythematosus predominantly affects women and is more common in blacks. Although survival rates have improved, over one half of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have permanent damage in one or more organ systems. Arthritis and cutaneous manifestations are most common, but renal, hematologic and neurologic manifestations contribute largely to morbidity and mortality. Treatment approaches emphasize using a combination of drugs to minimize chronic exposure to corticosteroids. S ystemic lupus erythematosus has fascinated physicians for almost a century and remains the prototypic autoimmune disease. Although it is estimated to affect one out of every 1,000 white persons and one out of every 250 black women from 18 to 65 years of age, systemic lupus erythematosus is certainly not the most common example of autoimmunity encountered by physicians. Positive antinuclear antibodies are extremely common in the general population, occurring in as many as 10 to 20 percent of young women. Localized autoimmune disorders, such as autoimmune thyroid disease, are also much more common than systemic lupus erythematosus.

    16. SYSTEMIC LUPUS Erythematosus-Medfacts-National Jewish Medical And Research Cente
    The Eye and systemic lupus erythematosus by W Kevin Thomas, M.D. From Lupus Erythematosus, Vol 2, Atlanta Chapter, Lupus Erythematosus Foundation, Inc. systemic lupus erythematosus is a wide ranging disease and can affect many organ systems, and the eye is no exception.
    http://www.njc.org/medfacts/systemic.html
    SYSTEMIC LUPUS Erythematosus
    Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) has often been called the "great imposter" because of its ability to occur in almost any system of the body. People with SLE develop antibodies against their own tissues which attack self-tissue like a foreign invader. The disease has no cure at present, but treatment is available to manage the disease. A French doctor who thought the telltale rash on the face resembled the bites of a wolf named "Lupus" 130 years ago. Today the rash is often referred to as butterfly-like, but the wolf name persists. "Lupus" is Latin for wolf, and "erythematosus" means reddening of the skin. SLE was once thought a rare disease, but recent studies indicate that it may be more common than muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, or leukemia. More women develop SLE than men. Current theories link the development of lupus with hereditary and environmental factors. There is no genetic test to predict lupus. Some of the suspected environmental factors include stress, infections, and certain medications and chemicals.
    Symptoms and Diagnosis
    The diagnosis of SLE is made when other illnesses have been ruled out, and when a person has 4 of 11 criteria. These criteria include: discoid rash, malar (butterfly) rash, photosensitivity, mouth sores, arthritis, serositis (usually heart or lung inflammation), kidney disorder, neurological problems, blood changes, immune changes, abnormal titre of antinuclear antibody (ANA). It is important to remember that 4 or more of the above need to be present. Sometimes SLE is suspected with fewer symptoms present. For example, if a person has a positive ANA, the diagnosis may not be confirmed unless other symptoms are present. It can be frustrating to not know for sure. The average time from the onset of symptoms and diagnosis is about 3 years.

    17. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Hub
    Clinical trial reports, case studies, research findings and news. Directory of personal sites, organizations, and support groups.
    http://www.genomelink.org/lupus

    18. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Clinical Overview
    Clinical overview of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic,usually lifelong, potentially fatal autoimmune disease. Lupus
    http://www.cerebel.com/lupus/overview.html
    Lupus Clinical Overview
    H. Michael Belmont, M.D.
    Medical Director, Hospital for Joint Diseases
    New York University Medical Center
    Recommended Lupus Books Shop for Lupus Introduction Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, usually life-long, potentially fatal autoimmune disease characterized by unpredictable exacerbations and remissions with protean clinical manifestations. In SLE there is a predilection for clinical involvement of the joints, skin, kidney, brain, serosa, lug, heart and gastrointestinal tract. Women and minorities are disproportionately affected and SLE is most common in women of child-bearing age although it has ben reported in both extremes of life (e.g. diagnosed in infants and in the tenth decade of life). The prevalence in the Unites States had been estimated as approximately 500,000 but a recent telephone survey commissioned by the Lupus Foundation of America suggested a prevalence of as many as 2,000,000. A recent study identified a prevalence of 500 per 100,000 (1:200) in women residing in the area surrounding Birmingham, Alabama. The prognosis for patients with SLE has greatly improved over the last few decades with at least 80-90% of all patients surviving ten years. Thereafter life expectancy approximates that of age matched controls. This improvement reflects the general advancements in health care (i.e. dialysis, antibiotics, antihypertensives, newer immunosuppressives with more favorable efficacy to toxicity ration) but also the specialized care available for patients with SLE.

    19. The 1982 Revised Criteria For Classification Of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
    The 1982 revised criteria for classification of systemic lupus erythematosus The 1982revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus.
    http://www.rheumatology.org/research/classification/sle.html
    Back to Classification Criteria
    American College of Rheumatology
    The 1982 revised criteria for classification of systemic lupus erythematosus Criterion Definition 1. Malar rash Fixed erythema, flat or raised, over the malar eminences, tending to spare the nasolabial folds 2. Discoid rash Erythematous raised patches with adherent keratotic scaling and follicular plugging; atrophic scarring may occur in older lesions 3. Photosensitivity Skin rash as a result of unusual reaction to sunlight, by patient history or physician observation 4. Oral ulcers Oral or nasopharyngeal ulceration, usually painless, observed by physician 5. Arthritis Nonerosive arthritis involving 2 or more peripheral joints, characterized by tenderness, swelling, or effusion 6. Serositis
    a) Pleuritisconvincing history of pleuritic pain or rubbing heard by a physician or evidence of pleural effusion
    OR
    b) Pericarditisdocumented by ECG or rub or evidence of pericardial effusion
    7. Renal disorder

    20. SYSTEMIC LUPUS Erythematosus-Medfacts-National Jewish Medical And Research Cente
    systemic lupus erythematosus MedFact From National Jewish Medical and ResearchCenter 1 Respiratory Hospital in America. systemic lupus erythematosus.
    http://www.nationaljewish.org/medfacts/systemic.html
    SYSTEMIC LUPUS Erythematosus
    Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) has often been called the "great imposter" because of its ability to occur in almost any system of the body. People with SLE develop antibodies against their own tissues which attack self-tissue like a foreign invader. The disease has no cure at present, but treatment is available to manage the disease. A French doctor who thought the telltale rash on the face resembled the bites of a wolf named "Lupus" 130 years ago. Today the rash is often referred to as butterfly-like, but the wolf name persists. "Lupus" is Latin for wolf, and "erythematosus" means reddening of the skin. SLE was once thought a rare disease, but recent studies indicate that it may be more common than muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, or leukemia. More women develop SLE than men. Current theories link the development of lupus with hereditary and environmental factors. There is no genetic test to predict lupus. Some of the suspected environmental factors include stress, infections, and certain medications and chemicals.
    Symptoms and Diagnosis
    The diagnosis of SLE is made when other illnesses have been ruled out, and when a person has 4 of 11 criteria. These criteria include: discoid rash, malar (butterfly) rash, photosensitivity, mouth sores, arthritis, serositis (usually heart or lung inflammation), kidney disorder, neurological problems, blood changes, immune changes, abnormal titre of antinuclear antibody (ANA). It is important to remember that 4 or more of the above need to be present. Sometimes SLE is suspected with fewer symptoms present. For example, if a person has a positive ANA, the diagnosis may not be confirmed unless other symptoms are present. It can be frustrating to not know for sure. The average time from the onset of symptoms and diagnosis is about 3 years.

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