61. Valvular Heart Disease While there are many causes of valvular heart disease (including rheumatic fever,congenital heart disease, cardiac dilation, and age The tricuspid valve. http://heartdisease.about.com/library/bl101valves.htm

zfp=-1 About Heart Disease/Cardiology Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Heart Disease/Cardiology with Richard N. Fogoros Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS Cardiology 101 - the basics Common Heart Tests Symptom Checker ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Heart Disease and Cardiology, 101 Survey of Common Heart Problems Valvular heart disease Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy) Coronary artery disease Heart rhythm disturbances Valvular heart disease While there are many causes of valvular heart disease (including rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, cardiac dilation, and age-related calcification of the valves), heart valve problems are generally manifested in one of two ways. Either the valve openings become too narrow and blood has a difficult time crossing the valves (i.e., stenosis), or the valves become incompetent, allowing blood to leak across the valves when they are supposed to be closed (i.e., regurgitation). Valvular stenosis causes “damming up” of the blood behind the valve.

62. HeartPoint: Valvular Heart Disease A lot to be found here, including regurgitation, causes of valvular disease, therapy and surgeries Category Health Conditions and diseases Heart disease Valvular...... will again contract, closing the tricuspid valve again, and and since it involvesthe Aortic valve, is called heart valves in health and disease, select Tell http://www.heartpoint.com/valvularheartdx.html

Valvular Heart Disease HeartPoint animation: this will take approximately 1 minute to load. It is easily understood that the muscle that we call the heart must continue to pump with adequate force to pump the blood that the body needs. "Valves" however are extremely important to the heart's efficiency. These delicate structures allow for the efficient flow of blood progressively forward through the heart's chambers, maximizing the efficiency of the heart muscle's work. To review the flow of blood through the heart, you can check out "The Heart" animation. link In the animation above, the Tricuspid Valve (between the right atrium and right ventricle) and the Pulmonic Valve (between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery) are illustrated to be working normally. After the right ventricle contracts, pressure is low in the chamber. The Tricuspid Valve, which had been closed from the pressure generated from the ventricle's contraction, now opens as the pressure of the blood from the right atrium has built up while the Tricuspid Valve was closed. The right ventricle will again contract, closing the Tricuspid Valve again, and pushing open the Pulmonic Valve. Once the right ventricle completes its contraction, the pressure in the pulmonary artery will be higher than in the right ventricle, and the Valve will close. The valves on the left side of the heart, the Aortic Valve and the Mitral Valve however, are not working properly. Blood returns from the lungs and empties into the left atrium. In this illustration, the Mitral Valve opens properly when the left ventricle is finished contracting, and allows blood to flow into the left ventricle easily. When the left ventricle contracts however, blood is shown to flow back into the left atrium through the Mitral Valve. This backward flow of blood is called

63. ¿¡µå¿öÁîÄÚ¸®¾Æ(ÁÖ)¿¡ ¹æ¹®ÇØ Áּż­ °¨»çÇÕ´� valve Annuloplasty System Therapy Features First '3D' tricuspid valve Repair Ring andtechnologies to treat advanced cardiovascular disease, announced today http://www.edwards.co.kr/notice/view_article.php?code=notice&number=20

64. Heart Valve Disease : Symptoms, Risk Factors, Prevention, Diagnosis, Therapy, FA The tricuspid valve is positioned in the heart’s right The aortic valve separatesthe left ventricle from the Heart disease can be caused by many different http://www.sjm.com/conditions/condition.aspx?name=Heart Valve Disease

65. Columbia Animal Hospital Right Atrium; Right Atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve); Right Ventricle; LeftAtrium; Mitral valve disease is caused by the accumulation of the plaque within http://www.petshealthrx.com/encycEntry.cfm?ENTRY=25&COLLECTION=EncycIllness

66. Congenital Heart Disease result in abnormal right ventricle function and a leak in the tricuspid valve. Patientswith the most severe form of this disease may present with severe http://congenitalheart.hs.columbia.edu/ebstien.html

In Ebstein's anomaly, the septal and posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve are downwardly displaced into the right ventricular cavity and the normally situated anterior leaflet may have abnormal leaflet attachments. As a result, the right side of the heart is abnormally partitioned into a right atrium, an atrialized portion of the right ventricle, and a right ventricular cavity. A communication between the left and right atrium is often present. These abnormalities result in abnormal right ventricle function and a leak in the tricuspid valve. In addition, 20% of patients with Ebstein's anomaly have accessory electrical tissue which can cause episodes of heart racing, a condition known as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW). The clinical manifestations of Ebstein's anomaly are quite variable. Patients with the most severe form of this disease may present with severe congestive heart failure and cyanosis at birth while mild cases may not be discovered until adulthood. The management of Ebstein's anomaly depends on symptoms, the age of the patient, and the anatomy. Surgery is indicated when there is congestive heart failure from a leak in the tricuspid valve, or significant cyanosis. There is less certainty about the need for surgery in a patient with no symptoms. Some patients with Ebstein's anomaly are free of symptoms until the development of an arrhythmias. These patients may be candidates for both surgical repair of Ebstein's and specific treatment of the arrhythmia. Patients with supraventricular tachycardia from WPW syndrome may be treated with RF ablation; however, this procedure is usually more difficult in Ebstein's anomaly because of the abnormal location of the tricuspid valve.

67. Valve Disease: Your Heart Valves The leaflets of the mitral and tricuspid valve are also supportedby tough, fibrous strings called chordae tendineae. These are http://www.clevelandclinic.org/heartcenter/pub/guide/disease/valve/yourheartvalv

Heart Guide Vascular Guide History of Innovations About Us ... Dictionary Treating the Heart, Blood Vessels and Circulation Your heart valves As blood leaves each chamber of the heart, it passes through a valve. There are four valves within your heart. Your heart valves make sure that blood flows in only one direction through your heart. A closer looks at what valves look like. Mitral Valve Mouse-over image to see the mitral valve open. The valve is made of thin pieces or flaps of tissue called leaflets. The leaflets are attached to and supported by a ring of tough fibrous tissue called the annulus . The annulus helps to maintain the proper shape of the valve. The valve leaflets can be compared to doors opening and closing. While the annulus functions as the door frame. Aortic Valve Mouse-over image to see the aortic valve open. The leaflets of the mitral and tricuspid valve are also supported by tough, fibrous strings called chordae tendineae . These are similar to the strings supporting a parachute. The chordae tendineae extend from the valve leaflets to small muscles, called

68. Quality Indicator Guides: Heart Valve Disease...Explaining In heart valve disease, the aortic and mitral valves are most commonly affected,although the pulmonary and tricuspid valves sometimes malfunction. http://www.clevelandclinic.org/quality/08-02/08-02a.htm

Explaining Heart Valve Disease Heart Valve Disease Mitral Valve Prolapse A common cause of mitral regurgitation is mitral valve prolapse. This condition occurs when a valve loses its shape and becomes weakened or stretched, ballooning out and sometimes causing a back-flow of blood. This common condition, which may exist in as many as one in 10 Americans, rarely requires surgery. In a small percentage of cases, however, mitral valve prolapse may become severe enough to require regular medical attention or surgery. Heart Valve Disease The valves of the heart are made up of two or three very strong flaps of tissue, called leaflets, that open and close as the heart contracts and relaxes. When working properly, these leaflets keep blood flowing in the right direction in the heart. The mitral and tricuspid valves control the flow of blood from the upper chambers of the heart to the lower chambers; the aortic and pulmonary valves control the flow of blood out of the lower pumping chambers. Heart valve disease prevents the valves from opening or closing properly, thus interfering with the flow of blood. Symptoms of valve disease may include shortness of breath, chest pain, unusual tiring, dizziness or fainting.

69. Heart Valve Disease defects, rheumatic fever, infection, heart disease or calcium that deposits on thevalve as a The tricuspid valve may be affected if pressure in the http://www.heartbc.ca/books/cpsg/s2p12.htm

Living with heart disease Home Newly Diagnosed Patient Guides Doing Something ... II: About my Surgery Cardiac Surgery Patient Guide Heart Valve Disease What is the function of the heart valves? How valves look How do heart valves become diseased? What is valve stenosis? ... Valves What is the function of the heart valves? The four heart valves ( tricuspid mitral pulmonary aortic ) keep blood flowing through the heart in one direction, like one way doors. They open when the pressure of the blood pushes them in the forward direction and they close when the pressure on the other side of the valve pushes them back. How valves look: Pulmonary valve Aortic valve Mitral valve Tricuspid valve How do heart valves become diseased? Valve disease can occur when the valve becomes too narrow and tight ( stenosis ) or when the valve fails to close completely (insufficiency). The valves may become thickened and scarred as a result of birth ( congenital ) defects, rheumatic fever, infection, heart disease or calcium that deposits on the valve as a person ages.

70. Acquired Heart Disease Surgical Procedures, Mayo Clinic In Rochester, Minn. Acquired Heart disease Surgical Procedures in Cardiovascular Surgery. A. AICDBattery Change. Tumor Excision, tricuspid valve. Tumor Excision, Ventricle. V. http://www.mayoclinic.org/cardiacsurgery-rst/acquiredsurgical.html

search: Mayo Clinic Locations: Arizona Florida Minnesota Mayo Clinic ... Medical Specialties Cardiovascular Surgery Cardiovascular Surgery Overview Diseases/Treatments Appointments List of Doctors ... Other Specialties - Rochester Acquired Heart Disease Surgical Procedures in Cardiovascular Surgery A AICD Battery Change AICD Generator Change AICD Lead/Electrode Installation AICD Lead/Electrode Removal AICD Lead Reconfiguration AICD Insertion AICD Removal Aortic Endarterectomy Atrial Baffle Procedure B Batista C Cabrol Shunt Cardiomyoplasty Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Close Traumatic Laceration Closure A-V Fistula Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Creation of ASD Cyst/Mass Excision-Ventricle D Debridement Abscess Denervation, Autotransplant E ECMO/Novacor-Insertion ECMO/Novacor-Removal Endocardial Cryo-Ablation Endocardial Resection Epicardiectomy Establish Temporary Bypass Evacuation Hematoma Evacuate Pericardial/Pleural Effusion Excision Atrial Aneurysm Excision Atrial Membrane Excision Atrial Septum Excision Pericardial Cyst Excision Sternal Mass Excision Subaortic Stenosis Exploration F Fistula Repair G Graft Cava-Atrium Graft Repair Aorta Graft Replacement Aorta H Heart Transplantation I Infarctectomy Infundibular Resection Insertion Caval Filter L Ligate Anomalous CA Ligate Left Atrial Appendage LV to Descending Aortic Conduit LVOT Aneurysm Repair LVOT Reconstruction M Maze Procedure Maze Procedure Left Maze Procedure Right Membranectomy Myectomy Myocardial Bridge Repair Myotomy O Open Heart Massage P Pacemaker Electrode Pacemaker Generator Change Pacemaker Insertion

71. PLAIN RADIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Physical findings This depends on the stage of presentation of the disease. excursionof the anterior leaflet and delayed closure of the tricuspid valve. http://www.bcm.tmc.edu/radiology/ICC/pediatric/text/3e-desc.htm

PLAIN RADIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Contents Previous Condition Next Condition (Legend.) A. There is marked cardiomegaly with right atrial dilation and diminished pulmonary arterial markings. Physical findings: This depends on the stage of presentation of the disease. In infants with right to left shunt there may be a cyanosis which is accompanied by clubbing in older children. The first heart sound is widely split secondary to increased excursion of the anterior leaflet and delayed closure of the tricuspid valve. The second heart sound is also widely and persistently split owing to delayed closure of the pulmonary valve. A pansystolic murmur is heard at the left lower sternal edge and epigastrium secondary to tricuspid regurgitation. There may also be low intensity diastolic murmurs secondary to anterograde flow across the tricuspid valve. These murmurs are increased on inspiration secondary to decrease in intrathoracic pressure and increased inflow across the tricuspid valve. CXR: The right atrium is often grossly enlarged and there is impressive diminution of pulmonary arterial markings secondary to right to left shunting through the atrial septal defect. Often the heart is massively enlarged secondary to the right atrial dilation and may take up most of the chest, the so-called "wall to wall" heart.

72. Valvular Heart Disease The usual pathology of the tricuspid valve includes endocarditis (IVDA), carcinoidtumors. The most frequent etiology for TV insufficiency is MV disease. http://www.cts.usc.edu/studenthandout-valvularheartdisease.html

Home Student Handout Cardiothoracic Surgery Service LAC+USC Medical Center Student Handout Student Handout Links Introduction Coronary Artery Disease Valvular Heart Disease Prosthetic Valves ... Cardiac Neoplasms Valvular Heart Disease The Aortic Valve The usual AV Area (AVA) is 2.5-3.5 Cm2. The aortic valve is a trileaflet structure that sits at the junction of the left ventricular outflow tract and the beginning of the aorta. The coronary ostia may be found one to two centimeters above the annulus to both the right and left. The valve has a common corridor of tissue with the mitral valve and the conduction system is located near the junction of the right and non-coronary leaflets. The usual pathology of the valve is either calcification with functional and structural stenosis or destruction of the leaflets with resultant insufficiency. Aortic Stenosis (AS): The most frequent etiology for aortic valve stenosis is senile calcific stenosis, second is calcification of a congenital (bicuspid) valve , the third most frequent is rheumatic heart disease. The incidence of rheumatic disease has decreased in the last few decades but it is still prevalent. The pathology is that of CONCENTRIC LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTOPHY.

73. Heart Valve Disease-Causes, How Damaged? Rheumatic fever this disease occurs after a strep Mitral valve separates the leftatrium from the tricuspid valve separates the right atrium from the right http://www.deborah.org/consumer/clubs/zipper/hv.html

What Causes Heart Valve Disease? Heart Valves become damaged for a variety of reasons: Congenital: when valves are developing in the unborn child, they sometimes do not form properly. A deformed valve can result, especially the pulmonary valve. Rheumatic fever: this disease occurs after a strep bacterial infection, such as strep throat. Protein antibodies form in the blood and damage the heart valve. Infection: some bacteria can infect the heart valves and quickly cause severe damage. Aging: some valves, like the aortic valve, become hardened and calcified with age. It is not know why this occurs, or why it seems to prefer the aortic valve. Valves of the Heart Heart valves are flap-like leaflets that swing open allowing blood to flow by and then snap closed. This action assures blood flows in only one direction. There are four important valves in the heart. Aortic Valve: separates the left ventricle from the aorta (the main artery to the body) Mitral Valve: separates the left atrium from the left ventricle Tricuspid Valve: separates the right atrium from the right ventricle Pulmonary Valve: separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery Support Groups The Zapper Club The Zipper Club Coronary Artery Disease ... Link Directory How are Heart Valves Damaged?

74. Heart Valve Diseases - Stanford Hospital And Clinics blood pressure, depending on which valve disease is present; shortness of breath;abdominal pain due to an enlarged liver (if there is tricuspid valve malfunction http://www.stanfordhospital.com/healthLib/atoz/cardiac/disvalve.html

Cardiac Surgeons Cardiologists Heart and Lung Transplant Specialists Interventional Cardiologists ... Thriving With Heart Disease: A Unique Program for You and Your Family Cardiovascular Diseases Heart Valve Diseases What are heart valves? The heart consists of four chambers: two atria (upper chambers) and two ventricles (lower chambers). There is a valve through which blood passes before leaving each chamber of the heart. The valves prevent the backward flow of blood. These valves are actual flaps that are located on each end of the two ventricles (lower chambers of the heart). They act as one-way inlets of blood on one side of a ventricle and one-way outlets of blood on the other side of a ventricle. Each valve actually has three flaps, except the mitral valve, which has two flaps. The four heart valves include the following: tricuspid valve - located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. pulmonary valve - located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. mitral valve - located between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

75. Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency | Principal Health News Prognosis tricuspid valve insufficiency is not usually considered to be serious.If it is the result of other cardiopulmonary disease, the extent of those http://www.principalhealthnews.com/topic/topic100587604

About This Site Registration FAQ Contact Us ... Site Awards You are here: Home Health A to Z Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency Stonely, Dorothy Elinor Below: Definition Description Causes and symptoms Diagnosis ... Resources Definition Tricuspid valve insufficiency occurs when a tricuspid valve does not close tightly enough to prevent leakage. This condition is also called tricuspid valve regurgitation and tricuspid incompetence. Description The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle of the heart. When the right ventricle contracts, it is supposed to pump blood forward into the lungs. If the tricuspid valve does not close tightly, some of that blood leaks back into the right atrium. When the atrium receives its usual quantity of blood from veins leading to the heart, plus the leaking blood, the pressure inside the atrium increases. This higher pressure creates resistance to the flow of blood in the veins that enter the atrium from the body. In addition, this increase in pressure causes the right atrium to enlarge over time. Congestion from fluid buildup occurs, particularly in the liver and legs. Causes and symptoms If a person has serious lung disease or a narrowing of the pulmonary valve, the right ventricle must pump harder to force the blood through the pulmonary valve. In order to pump harder, the right ventricle enlarges and the valve opening stretches, causing the valve to leak.

76. Tricuspid Atresia And Fontan Operation - TA : Heart Disease : Heart Disease Onli MANI explains Congenital heart disease, Heart valve disease, Coronary artery heart,Webcasts, Resources, Links, Heart disease books,Cardiac tricuspid Atresia. http://www.chdinfo.com/chdarticles/ta1.htm

From your Guide Dr.MANI Tricuspid Atresia home disease webcast latest ... books NEW ! Special Report Dr.Mani's AFTER THE FONTAN How Fontan survivors fare in the long term Visit website Request details Order a copy If your child - someone you love very much - has had the Fontan operation, you must have often wondered what the future holds Can my child study ? Play ? Work ? Marry ? Have kids ? YOU NEED MORE INFORMATION ! Dr.Mani's NEW report, AFTER THE FONTAN , deals with survival after the Fontan, quality of life issues and complications of the Fontan procedure. To learn more about this essential report, CLICK HERE You have now graduated to being able to read about a complicated condition like tricuspid atresia and the Fontan principle. STILL, please understand that this anomaly is so complex that even cardiologists have trouble understanding its repair. So if you don't, console yourself that you are in distinguished company ! What is tricuspid atresia ? Triscupid Atresia is a condition where the TRICUSPID VALVE, which guards the junction between the right atrium and the right ventricle, is either ABSENT or is IMPERFORATE - that is, it does not have an opening to allow blood flow across it. There are many ways the valve can be imperforate - the leaflets of the valve may be formed but tightly stuck to each other, or may not be formed at all, with muscle tissue of the heart forming a wall where the valve should have been. What happens in tricuspid atresia ?

77. Heart Disease : Heart Disease Online dencats.org/heart, Webcasts, Resources, Links, Heart disease books,Cardiac includesthe following components Displacement of the tricuspid valve (that lies http://www.chdinfo.com/chdarticles/ebsteins1.htm

From your Guide Dr.MANI Ebstein's Anomaly home disease webcast latest ... books Ebstein's Anomaly What is Ebstein's anomaly ? It was in 1866 that Ebstein first described the heart defect that bears his name. The defect includes the following components: Displacement of the tricuspid valve (that lies between the right atrium and right ventricle) leaflets downwards from it's normal position. Abnormalities of the right ventricle "Atrialization" of a portion of the right ventricle An inter-atrial septal defect (ASD) What happens in Ebstein's anomaly ? The primary problem is displacement of the tricuspid valve down from the normal position, which in turn results in the abnormal valve becoming leaky. This valve leak, combined with right ventricle muscle abnormalities, causes heart enlargement with heart failure, along with a "shunt" of blood from the right atrium, across the ASD, into the left side of the heart and circulation. The result of these problems is that a patient with Ebstein's anomaly has cyanosis (a bluish discoloration of the body, caused by mixing of impure blood from the right side of the heart with oxygenated pure blood in the left side). If the tricuspid valve leak is severe, the patient develops heart failure early in life, with swelling of the legs and belly, enlargement of the liver and breathlessness.

78. Medical Index A large collection of articles on canine health care and diseases.Category Health Animal Pets Dogs...... Cell Leukodystrophy (GCL) Heart Blood Flow through the Canine Heart CardiomyopathyMitral valve disease SubAortic Stenosis tricuspid valve Dysplasia Heat http://www.barkbytes.com/medical/mdindx.htm

Bark Bytes, Inc. Index of Medical and Dog Care Articles WARNING Diagnosis CANNOT be made without a veterinarian's examination of your pet. The material presented in this section is merely for educational purposes ... to assist you in understanding your dog's problems or conditions. Please consult your Veterinarian with any questions you may have. Adrenal Glands Addison's Disease Structure and Function of Adrenal Glands Allergies - Dog and Cat Allergies Amyloidosis ... Dysplasia, Hip Ear BAER testing Congenital Deafness Indications of Ear Problems Structure of the Canine Ear ... Megaesophagus - Diet suggestion Eye Bilateral Cateracts Cherry Eye Collie Eye Anomaly Cone Degeneration ... GDV -Gastric Dilitation Volvulus Genetics Genetic Glossary Introduction to Genetics Gingival Hyperplasia Glaucoma ... Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy (GCL) Heart Blood Flow through the Canine Heart Cardiomyopathy Mitral Valve Disease Sub-Aortic Stenosis ... Hemeralopia (Day Blindness) Hemivertebrae Hemophilia A Hernias Hip Dysplasia ... Keratoconjunctivitus sicca Kidney Congenital Kidney Defects Diagnostic tests Used for Detecting Kidney Disease Lethal Acro Dermatitus Structure and Function of the Kidney ... Kneecap, Slipping

79. Tricuspid Valve Replacement Revisited tricuspid valve was replaced in 89 pts (2.3 valve (TV + other valve) and 13 triplevalve replacements. Primary etiology of TV disease was rheumatic in 66 pts (67 http://www.kfshrc.edu.sa/cvd_research/abstracts/Abs2_Jun01.htm

Tricuspid valve replacement revisited Zohair Al-Halees, Maie Shahid, Aly Al-Sanei, Donna Estaris, Mishal Ghandour Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia First Biennial Meeting of the Society for Heart Valve Disease. June, 15-18 2001London, UK Objective: Tricuspid valve replacement is usually not resorted to except in very badly diseased tricuspid valves when repair is impossible or has failed at a previous attempt. The objective of this review is to evaluate our population who needed tricuspid valve replacement (TVR). Methods : Between July 1988 and December 31, 2000 3,859 patients (pts) underwent various valve procedures. Tricuspid valve was replaced in 89 pts (2.3%). Sixty-five pts (73%) had at least one previous operation and 42 (65%) of these had a TV procedure. There were 32 isolated TVR, 44 double valve (TV + other valve) and 13 triple valve replacements. There were 78 (88%) bioprosthesis and 5 inverted aortic homografts placed as "top hats". Only 6 pts had a mechanical TV prosthesis. Age ranged from 1-74 years with a mean of 40 yrs + 17 (median 41). There were 21 males (24.1%) and 68 females (76%). The NYHA FC was III-IV in 56 pts (63%). Fifty-three % of pts were in atrial fibrillation/flutter. Primary etiology of TV disease was rheumatic in 66 pts (67%). Fifty-nine pts (66%) had TV regurgitation and only 13 pts (15%) had pure severe TV stenosis. Seventeen pts had mixed stenosis and regurgitation.

80. Learn About Valve Problems From Plainsense from the upper chamber, the right atrium, through the tricuspid valve to the Peoplewith valve disease are more susceptible to bacterial endocarditis, a blood http://www.plainsense.com/Health/Heart/tricuspid.htm

Search the Web. Type it and go! Related Topics: Abnormal Heartbeat Angina Angiogram Angioplasty ... Valvular Heart Disease Valve Problems Triglycerides Women at Risk The tricuspid and pulmonary valves are two of the four one-way valves that control blood flow through the heart's four chambers. Blood enters the right side of the heart on its return from the rest of the body. It flows from the upper chamber, the right atrium, through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle below. The blood then leaves the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve and goes into the pulmonary artery, which carries the blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen. Disorders of these two valves may be symptomless, or they may cause fatigue, faintness or shortness of breath. Stenosis- When the Valve Is Too Narrow Disorders of these valves are not as common as disorders of the heart's other two valves, the mitral valve and the aortic valve. However, the disorders are similar. Either of the two valves can have problems that result in narrowing, or stenosis, of the valve in question. Stenosis may be due to age or to calcium deposits in the valves. Sometimes the narrow opening can be widened by means of heart valve valvuloplasty. Under local anesthesia, a balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into an artery and moved through the artery to the heart by means of a guide wire. The balloon is inflated in the valve to widen the opening. If valvuloplasty fails to resolve the problem, surgery may be necessary to replace the narrowed valve.

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