21. Pediatric Urology - Vesicoureteral Reflux - Treatment - Urologychannel Nonoperative Management When reflux is related to an underlying problem such as constipation,infrequent voiding, abnormal bladder activity, or blockages such http://www.urologychannel.com/pediatric/vur_treatment.shtml

Home Search SiteMap Ask the Dr. ... Medical Store advertisement advertisement PEDIATRIC UROLOGY Overview Antenatal Hydronephrosis Hypospadias Nocturnal Enuresis Undescended Testicle Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction Vesicoureteral Reflux Treatment CONDITIONS Adrenal Cancer Bladder Cancer Bladder Control Problems BPH/Enlarged Prostate Emergencies Erectile Dysfunction Female Sexual Dysfunction Hematuria Incontinence Interstitial Cystitis Kidney Cancer ... Testosterone Deficiency Upper Tract Tumors Urethral Cancer Urinary Tract Infection Varicocele Vasectomy RESOURCES Anatomy Clinical Trials Education HealthProfiler ... Videos ABOUT US Healthcommunities.com Pressroom Testimonials Treatment Nonoperative Management When reflux is related to an underlying problem such as constipation, infrequent voiding, abnormal bladder activity, or blockages such as strictures or valves, the predisposing factor should be corrected first and the reflux then re-evaluated. Mild-to-moderate degrees of reflux (grades 1 to 3) have a good chance of spontaneous resolution with age in over 80% of children. This typically occurs over the span of few years. Unfortunately, there is no magic crystal ball that will tell us exactly when the reflux will go away for a particular child. The chance of spontaneous resolution of high grade reflux (4 to 5) is much lower. The key to the nonoperative management of reflux is to buy the children the time to outgrow the reflux without getting into infection problems. Certainly with a high likelihood of spontaneous resolution, most children with mild-to-moderate reflux should be given a chance to outgrow their reflux. While we wait for this to happen, they are protected from urinary infection using low doses of preventive antibiotics. After an 1- to 2-year interval of treatment with antibiotics, reflux is reevaluated with VCUG. At the same time, doctors check the kidneys with ultrasonography to be certain they are growing properly and no interval damage has occurred.

22. Vesicoureterial Reflux vesicoureteral reflux. About 20% of the children who experience urinarytract infection will be found to have vesicoureteral reflux on xray. http://www.ucch.org/sections/urology/inforesource/reflux.html

Information for Patients UCCH HealthPages [Return to main] Vesicoureteral Reflux About 20% of the children who experience urinary tract infection will be found to have Vesicoureteral Reflux on x-ray. Reflux is a condition where urine flows back up the ureters in the wrong direction and into the kidney during urination. The condition is present from birth and does run in families. Normal Function of the Urinary Tract: Urine originates in the kidneys. Urine then passes from the kidney through the tubes called ureters and is stored in the bladder. During urination, the bladder contracts as urine flows out of the body through the urethra. See Figure 1. Figure 1 Normally, the ureter passes through a tunnel inside the bladder wall for a distance before it opens into the bladder. Pressure from urine filling the bladder should close off this tunnel within the bladder wall. This "closing off," prevents urine from flowing back up into the kidneys. See Figure 2. Figure 2 Figure 3 If the tunnel is too short or the opening is too large the ureter may not squeeze shut properly and urine will freely reflux or pass backwards toward the kidney during urination. Reflux of infected urine toward the kidney can cause a serious kidney infection, called pyelonephritis, and can cause damage to the kidney and high blood pressure later in life. See Figure 3.

23. Vesicoureteral Reflux Urinary Tract Infections (UTI). Infection of the urinary system is one ofthe most common types of bacterial infection occurring in children. http://www.ucch.org/peds-www/sections/urology/inforesource/uti.html

Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) Infection of the urinary system is one of the most common types of bacterial infection occurring in children. Most often it is caused by bacteria that invade the urinary tract by passing up the urethra into the bladder. The most common types of bacteria causing urinary infections are those that usually live on the skin near the opening of the urethra. These include common skin bacteria, as well as those that come from the child's rectum. See Figure 1. Figure 1 Contributing Factors: Infants and Toddlers may become irritable, have fever, vomiting and diarrhea or may develop feeding problems with failure to gain weight. Toilet Trained Children may develop wetting episodes, complain of burning or frequency of urination, fever, abdominal pain, back or flank pain or even blood in the urine. Cystitis is an infection limited to the bladder that may cause temporary discomfort in the lower back or bladder, burning, urgency, frequency of urination or blood in the urine. Pyelonephritis can be a more serious infection involving the kidney, producing "systemic" symptoms such as fever, chills, nausea and vomiting or flank pain.

24. Vesicoureteral Reflux - DrGreene.com - Caring For The Next Generation Dr. Greene talks about vesicoureteral reflux, including the causesand treatments. vesicoureteral reflux. My 3year-old daughter http://www.drgreene.com/21_598.html

QUICK SEARCH A - Z Guide Allergies Allergy Care Guide Asthma Care Guide Bedwetting Breastfeeding Childhood Obesity Diabetes Care Guide Ear Infections Genetics Immunizations Infectious Diseases Parenting Potty Training Rashes Safety Sleep DrGreene.com Topic Centers Mission Reviews Awards Readers Comments Press Room Partners and Supporters Contact Us Pediatric Information A-Z Guide Allergy Care Guide Asthma Care Guide Diabetes Care Guide DrGreene´s Chats FAQ Fast Facts Feature Articles Guidelines Pediatric Updates Special Feature Top Tips Community Activty Guide Advanced Search Community Central Chat Chat Schedule Cute Faces Family Friendly Recipes Parent-to-Parent Resources The DrGreene Team Newsletter Prenatal Newborn Infants Toddlers Pre-Schoolers School Age Teens / Adolescents Multimedia Library Children's Health Fertility Vesicoureteral Reflux My 3-year-old daughter is taking Bactrim as a prophylactic because her urine backs up into both kidneys when she urinates. They called it "Reflux". I was told that some children outgrow this condition, but if she doesn't surgery is required. We have to wait until she is 6 or 7 to see if this problem can solve itself. In the meantime I'm concerned about the overuse of antibiotics . I would rather have her on antibiotics than go through surgery but I'm also worried about her resistance to other infections . Are there any other options? Can her bladder be strengthened through some sort of exercise?

25. Vesicoureteral Reflux - DrGreene.com - Caring For The Next Generation AZ Guide vesicoureteral reflux. Also known as Kidney reflux IntroductionAntibiotics are overused. In recent years, we have become http://www.drgreene.com/21_1218.html

QUICK SEARCH A - Z Guide Allergies Allergy Care Guide Asthma Care Guide Bedwetting Breastfeeding Childhood Obesity Diabetes Care Guide Ear Infections Genetics Immunizations Infectious Diseases Parenting Potty Training Rashes Safety Sleep DrGreene.com Topic Centers Mission Reviews Awards Readers Comments Press Room Partners and Supporters Contact Us Pediatric Information A-Z Guide Allergy Care Guide Asthma Care Guide Diabetes Care Guide DrGreene´s Chats FAQ Fast Facts Feature Articles Guidelines Pediatric Updates Special Feature Top Tips Community Activty Guide Advanced Search Community Central Chat Chat Schedule Cute Faces Family Friendly Recipes Parent-to-Parent Resources The DrGreene Team Newsletter Prenatal Newborn Infants Toddlers Pre-Schoolers School Age Teens / Adolescents Multimedia Library Children's Health Fertility Vesicoureteral Reflux Also known as: Kidney reflux Introduction: Antibiotics are overused . In recent years, we have become increasingly cautious about their misuse. When parents hear that long-term, daily antibiotics might be recommended for their children with reflux just to prevent urinary tract infections , they are often concerned. But protecting the kidneys can be an excellent reason to take antibiotics.

26. Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the abnormal flow of urine from the bladderback into the ureters. Subscribe now . vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/943052307.html

Search Articles: search tips Please Take the HealthLink Survey Email this article Print this article Find related articles: By topic: Kidneys By keywords: Reflux bladder ureters Receive Health Link via email! Subscribe now >> Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) Urine normally flows in one direction down from the kidneys, through tubes called ureters, to the bladder. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the abnormal flow of urine from the bladder back into the ureters. VUR is most commonly diagnosed in infancy and childhood after the patient has a urinary tract infection (UTI). About one-third of children with UTI are found to have VUR. VUR can lead to infection because urine that remains in the child's urinary tract provides a place for bacteria to grow. But sometimes the infection itself is the cause of VUR. There are two types of VUR. Primary VUR occurs when a child is born with an impaired valve where the ureter joins the bladder. This happens if the ureter did not grow long enough during the child's development in the womb. The valve does not close properly, so urine backs up (refluxes) from the bladder to the ureters, and eventually to the kidneys. This type of VUR can get better or disappear as the child gets older. The ureter gets longer as the child grows, which improves the function of the valve. Secondary VUR occurs when there is a blockage anywhere in the urinary system. The blockage may be caused by an infection in the bladder that leads to swelling of the ureter. This also causes a reflux of urine to the kidneys.

27. EMedicine - Vesicoureteral Reflux : Article By Caleb P Nelson, MD vesicoureteral reflux vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), or the retrograde flow of urinefrom the bladder into the ureter, is an anatomic and functional disorder http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic2750.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Pediatrics Urology Vesicoureteral Reflux Last Updated: May 16, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: VUR reflux, retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the ureter, primary reflux, secondary reflux, reflux nephropathy, intrarenal reflux, pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis, urinary tract infection, UTI AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Caleb P Nelson, MD , Staff Physician, Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, University of Michigan Medical Center Coauthor(s): Harry P Koo, MD , Director of Pediatric Urology, Medical College of Virginia, Director of Urology, Children's Hospital of Richmond, Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor Caleb P Nelson, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American Urological Association Editor(s): Bartley G Cilento, Jr, MD

28. EMedicine - Vesicoureteral Reflux : Article By Jong M Choe, MD, FACS vesicoureteral reflux vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is characterized by the retrogradeflow of urine from the bladder to the kidneys. vesicoureteral reflux. http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2838.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Urology Vesicoureteral Reflux Last Updated: June 7, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: VUR, reflux nephropathy, retrograde transmission of urine from the urinary bladder to the kidneys, reflux, pyelonephritis, hypertension, progressive renal failure, ureteral reimplantation AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Indications Relevant Anatomy And Contraindications ... Bibliography Author: Jong M Choe, MD, FACS , Director of Continence and Urodynamic Center, Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery; Division of Urology, University of Cincinnati Coauthor(s): John Benedict, MD , Staff Physician, Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Cincinnati Jong M Choe, MD, FACS, is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of University Professors American College of Surgeons American Medical Association American Urological Association ... International Continence Society , Ohio Urological Society, and Society of University Surgeons Editor(s): Daniel B Rukstalis, MD

29. Vesicoureteral Reflux PEDIATRIC UROLOGY vesicoureteral reflux Back to Urology Home, VesicoureteralReflux. How does the Normal Urinary System Work? Urine http://www.urology.medsch.ucla.edu/ped-vesicoureteral_reflux.htm

PEDIATRIC UROLOGY VESICOURETERAL REFLUX Clark Morrison Children's Ctr spina bifida bed wetting/incontinence vesicoureteral reflux ... x-ray studies Vesicoureteral Reflux How does the Normal Urinary System Work? Urine is "waste fluid" excreted by the kidneys. Urine passes from the kidneys, down the ureters and into the urinary bladder. The bladder is an elastic muscle that acts as a storage tank. As the bladder fills, its wall relaxes to hold more urine, and the control ( sphincter ) muscle remails tight to prevent leakage of urine. Once in the bladder, the urine is stopped from going back into the ureters by the valve where the ureters and bladder meet. When the bladder gets full, it sends this "full message" to the brain. The brain decides when urination should start and the bladder "contracts" while the control (sphincter) muscle relaxes to allow the bladder to squeeze all the urine out. What is Vesicoureteral Reflux?

30. Urology Disorders - Vesicoureteral Reflux - Methodist Health Care System - Houst vesicoureteral reflux What is vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)? Vesicoureteralreflux kidneys. What causes vesicoureteral reflux? There http://www.methodisthealth.com/urogen/vesicour.htm

Urology Disorders Home La Urologia - Los Trastornos Genitourinarios (en español) La Salud de la Próstata (en español) Clinical Services Urology Institute at The Methodist Hospital Methodist Diagnostic Hospital Methodist Sugar Land Hospital ... Newsletters! Vesicoureteral Reflux What is vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)? Vesicoureteral reflux occurs when urine that dwells in the bladder flows back into the ureters and often back into the kidneys. The bladder is the hollow, muscular organ that stores urine before urination occurs. The bladder has three small openings: two connect the ureters where urine is drained down from the kidneys, and one connects the bladder to the urethra where urine exits the body. The ureters are funnel-shaped tubes that carry urine from the kidneys. Ureters enter the bladder at a diagonal angle and have a special one-way valve system that normally prevents urine from flowing back up the ureters in the direction of the kidneys. When a child has vesicoureteral reflux, the mechanism that prevents the back-flow of urine does not work, allowing urine to flow in both directions. A child who has vesicoureteral reflux isat risk for developing recurrent kidney infections, which, over time, can cause damage andscarring to the kidneys. What causes vesicoureteral reflux?

31. Urology Disorders - Vesicoureteral Reflux - Spanish Content - Methodist Health C Translate this page El Reflujo Vesicoureteral ¿Qué es el reflujo vesicoureteral (su sigla eninglés es VUR)? Cuáles son las causas de reflujo vesicoureteral? http://www.methodisthealth.com/spanish/urology/vesicour.htm

Página Principal de La Urología Clinical Services Urology Institute at The Methodist Hospital Methodist Diagnostic Hospita l Methodist Sugar Land Hospital Methodist Willowbrook Hospital San Jacinto Methodist Hospital ... Plan Para Hacer una Cita Médica Póngase en Contacto con Nosostros: Referencia Médica Plan Para Hacer una Cita Médica Preguntas Generales Planes de Salud ... Directorio de Médicos El Reflujo Vesicoureteral ¿Qué es el reflujo vesicoureteral (su sigla en inglés es VUR)? El reflujo vesicoureteral se produce cuando la orina que se encuentra en la vejiga se regresa (reflujo) a los uréteres y a menudo hasta los riñones. La vejiga es el órgano muscular hueco que almacena orina antes de que orinar. La vejiga tiene tres orificios pequeños: dos conectan a los uréteres que es por donde la orina drena desde los riñones y uno conecta la vejiga a la uretra por donde la orina sale del cuerpo. Los uréteres son tubos en forma de embudo que transportan orina desde los riñones. Los uréteres penetran la vejiga diagonalmente y tienen un sistema de válvula de sentido único que normalmente previene que la orina regrese a los uréteres en dirección de los riñones. Cuando un niño tiene reflujo vesicoureteral, el mecanismo que evita que la orina regrese no funciona, y permite que la orina fluya en ambas direcciones. El niño con reflujo vesicoureteral tiene riesgo de desarrollar infecciones recurrentes del riñón que con el tiempo pueden ocasionarle cicatrices y daño a los riñones.

32. Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR), Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center Information on vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in your child, provided by nursesand physicians at Children's Hospital Medical Center of Cincinnati. http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/Health_Topics/Your_Childs_Health/Kidney_and_B

Your Child's Health Kidney and Bladder Overview Conditions and Diagnoses ... Kidney Injuries Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) Tests and Procedures Home Care Wellness Conditions and Diagnoses Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) Explanation Terms Diagnosis Treatment What is vesicoureteral reflux? To understand vesicoureteral ( ves -ih-ko-yu- ree -ter-ul) reflux, it is necessary to first understand the normal structure and function of the urinary tract. The urinary system Blood in the body passes through the kidneys. The kidneys filter the liquid waste products out of the blood. This liquid waste (urine) passes through the ureters and into the bladder. When the bladder is full, the child has the urge to urinate. During urination, when the child goes to the bathroom, the urine passes through the urethra, a tube which carries the urine out of the body. Reflux With children who have vesicoureteral reflux, the urine backflows or refluxes from the bladder up the ureters towards the kidneys. Reflux is caused by a faulty valve mechanism between the ureter and bladder. It is a condition with which people are born. It tends to run in families. If your child has reflux, the doctor may recommend testing for the condition in your other children. Reflux becomes a problem when urine becomes infected. Infected urine usually stays within the bladder. When reflux exists, however, bacteria can get into the kidneys and cause a kidney infection. This can lead to kidney damage.

33. Pediatric Urology: Vesicoureteral Reflux vesicoureteral reflux. vesicoureteral reflux, or reflux, is a conditionaffecting about 1 percent of children, girls more commonly than boys. http://www.ucihealth.com/HealthcareServices/peduro15.htm

Bedwetting Circumcision Hypospadias Undescended Testicles Urinary Tract Infections Urinary Tract Obstruction Vesicoureteral Reflux Laparoscopic Surgery Laser Surgery Tests You May Need Pediatric Urology and Kidney Disease Services Our Staff Toll Free Physician Referral (877) UCI-DOCS Featured Video: Dr. Alan Shanberg discusses corrective surgery for undescended testicles. Vesicoureteral Reflux Vesicoureteral reflux, or "reflux," is a condition affecting about 1 percent of children, girls more commonly than boys. In children with reflux, urine travels back up from the bladder into the kidneys. Normally, this is prevented by a special valve mechanism. As the bladder fills, the ureter, which carries urine from the kidney, becomes compressed preventing urine from traveling back up into the kidney. urinary tract infection (UTI) that problems can begin, including kidney infection, with possible permanent scarring of the kidneys. In the worst cases, this scarring can lead to high blood pressure and even kidney failure. Diagnosis For this reason, we recommend that most children with a UTI undergo further testing. Diagnosis of reflux requires a

34. Urology | Vesicoureteral Reflux vesicoureteral reflux, Print Format. vesicoureteral reflux is twice ascommon in girls as boys and may be present in one or both ureters. http://www.ucsfhealth.org/childrens/medical_services/urology/vreflux/

Quick Links... Admissions Appointments Billing Clinics Contact a Patient Contact Us Directions and Maps Events Calendar For Health Professionals Jobs Make A Donation Medical Dictionary News Phone Numbers Volunteer Services Urology Topics Vesicoureteral Reflux To Visit Us Our Experts ... Events and Classes Request an appointment, get directions and phone numbers, find hospital visiting hours and more Choose a doctor from among the 900 experts on our staff Events calendar, medical dictionary, news, patient education and other online resources Vesicoureteral Reflux Print Format Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a condition in which urine backs up from the bladder into the ureters - the tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder. In severe cases, this congenital condition causes urine to back up into the kidneys. Vesicoureteral reflux is twice as common in girls as boys and may be present in one or both ureters. The condition is caused when the tunnel created by the ureter entering the bladder is not long enough. Consequently, the mechanisms that control urine flow from the ureter into the bladder don't work properly, allowing urine to back up. In about 20 percent of these cases, the condition corrects itself as the child grows and the ureter grows longer. Serious reflux, if left untreated, can result in urinary tract infections that lead to permanent kidney damage and loss of function. In most cases, the child will outgrow the reflux; however, the child needs to be on antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent urinary infection. If using antibiotics to prevent infection doesn't work, surgery may be necessary.

35. Urology | Vesicoureteral Reflux | Vesicoureteral Reflux medical dictionary, news, patient education and other online resources.vesicoureteral reflux, Print Format. vesicoureteral reflux. http://www.ucsfhealth.org/childrens/medical_services/urology/vreflux/conditions/

Quick Links... Admissions Appointments Billing Calendar Clinical Trials Clinics Conditions and Treatments Contact a Patient Contact Us Directions and Maps For Health Professionals Jobs Make A Donation Medical Dictionary News Phone Numbers UCSF Medical Center Volunteer Services Urology Topics Vesicoureteral Reflux To Visit Us Our Experts ... Events and Classes Request an appointment, get directions and phone numbers, find hospital visiting hours and more Choose a doctor from among the 900 experts on our staff Events calendar, medical dictionary, news, patient education and other online resources Vesicoureteral Reflux Print Format Vesicoureteral Reflux Signs and Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Signs and Symptoms Normally, the ureter enters the bladder in such a way that urine isn't allowed to back up to the kidney. Reflux occurs when the ureter enters the bladder abnormally. The problem results because the muscle backing of the bladder doesn't completely cover the ureter and urine flows back toward the kidney. Reflux or backflow also occurs because of other problems such as dysfunctional voiding, neurogenic problems or problems with nerve tissue in the bladder or other secondary causes. We don't know how reflux is transmitted, but there is a very high rate of reflux among siblings - about 40 percent. Younger siblings are at a much greater risk than older siblings. The fact that many affected siblings have no history of urinary tract infection symptoms - although evidence of infection may be found on investigation suggests that there may be two different disease processes at work. We recommend that young siblings of refluxers be screened for reflux.

36. Vesicoureteral Reflux, Treatment Options, University Of Pittsburgh Medical Cente The tendency for reflux to cure itself is the basis for current treatment. Surgeryfor reflux is highly successful and carries relatively little risk. http://pediatricurology.upmc.com/VesicoureteralReflux/Treatment.htm

var ppb = "Treatment Options Preventing Infections Treatment at UPMC The tendency for reflux to cure itself is the basis for current treatment. One of the clues that your doctor will use to determine if the reflux is likely to go away on its own is the "grade" of the reflux. This refers to how the reflux looks in the x-rays the more severe the reflux, the higher the grade, with scores from 1-to-5. The higher the grade, the less likely that the reflux will go away. Also, reflux that occurs into both kidneys appears to be less likely to go away than reflux occurring on only one side. Despite these guidelines, it is almost impossible to predict with certainty for the individual patient whether reflux will go away (except in cases of grade 5 reflux, which rarely resolves beyond infancy). For most children, prophylactic antibiotics are given on a daily basis. As long as there are no urinary infections, a VCUG or nuclear cystogram is obtained yearly to see if the reflux is still present. Most of the time, four or five years will be allowed for the reflux to go away before surgery is suggested. In many cases, the doctor might wait significantly longer. There are reasons, however, that surgery might be performed earlier. The most common reason is "breakthrough" infection: an infection that occurs while taking prophylactic antibiotics. Other reasons might include high-grade reflux, antibiotic allergies, and patient and physician choice.

37. Vesicoureteral Reflux Urology. vesicoureteral reflux. What is vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)?vesicoureteral reflux What causes vesicoureteral reflux? There are http://www.mcghealthcare.org/urology/vesicour/vesicour.htm

MCG Health System Phone Numbers: (706) 721-CARE 1-800-736-CARE Request an Appointment Online Urology Vesicoureteral Reflux What is vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)? Vesicoureteral reflux occurs when urine that dwells in the bladder flows back into the ureters and often back into the kidneys. The bladder is the hollow, muscular organ that stores urine before urination occurs. The bladder has three small openings: two connect the ureters where urine is drained down from the kidneys, and one connects the bladder to the urethra where urine exits the body. The ureters are funnel-shaped tubes that carry urine from the kidneys. Ureters enter the bladder at a diagonal angle and have a special one-way valve system that normally prevents urine from flowing back up the ureters in the direction of the kidneys. When a child has vesicoureteral reflux, the mechanism that prevents the back-flow of urine does not work, allowing urine to flow in both directions. A child who has vesicoureteral reflux is at risk for developing recurrent kidney infections, which, over time, can cause damage and scarring to the kidneys. What causes vesicoureteral reflux?

38. Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) - Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Genitourinary Kidney Disorders. vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) What isvesicoureteral reflux (VUR)? What causes vesicoureteral reflux? http://www.lpch.org/DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/urology/vur.html

Urology Urologists Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) What is vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)? Vesicoureteral reflux occurs when urine that dwells in the bladder flows back into the ureters and often back into the kidneys. The bladder is the hollow, muscular organ that stores urine before urination occurs. The bladder has three small openings: two connect the ureters where urine is drained down from the kidneys, and one connects the bladder to the urethra where urine exits the body. The ureters are funnel-shaped tubes that carry urine from the kidneys. Ureters enter the bladder at a diagonal angle and have a special one-way valve system that normally prevents urine from flowing back up the ureters in the direction of the kidneys. When a child has vesicoureteral reflux, the mechanism that prevents the back-flow of urine does not work, allowing urine to flow in both directions. A child who has vesicoureteral reflux is at risk for developing recurrent kidney infections, which, over time, can cause damage and scarring to the kidneys. What causes vesicoureteral reflux?

39. Vesicoureteral Reflux vesicoureteral reflux. What is vesicoureteral reflux? Reflux in theurinary tract means that urine is able to get back up into the http://www.med.wayne.edu/urology/DISEASES/vesicoureteralreflux.html

Vesicoureteral Reflux What is vesicoureteral reflux? Reflux in the urinary tract means that urine is able to get back up into the kidney after it has drained down into the bladder. The problem is seen more frequently in girls and is usually present from the time of birth. It may occur in one or both sides, and is more likely to be present in children with an abnormal or obstructed bladder. How is reflux discovered? Reflux is usually discovered because a child has a urinary tract infection (UTI). Also, it may be suspected because there is enlargement of the kidney drainage system on an ultrasound test done either before or after birth. The test that detects reflux is called the voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). This test is an X-ray of the bladder that is performed in either the radiology or nuclear medicine department. A catheter (tube) is passed into the bladder and the bladder is filled with a substance that allows us to see the bladder. Pictures are then taken until the bladder is full and the child urinates. If the x-ray material is seen in the ureters or kidneys then we know that reflux is present. Urination is an important part of the test, since sometimes reflux does not appear until the bladder starts to empty. That's why we do not usually give sedation or anesthesia to do this test. What is the significance of reflux?

40. CHS ~ 2001-Present Questions And Answers: Pediatric Urology: Vesicoureteral Refl 2001Present Questions and Answers. Pediatric Urology VesicoureteralReflux (53). 1998-2000 Questions and Answers. Question My daughter http://www.coloradohealthsite.org/chnqna.html?Pediatric Urology?Vesicoureteral R

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