21. Fresnel, Augustin (1788-1827) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Biogr Branch of Science " Physicists Nationality " French fresnel, augustin (17881827) French physicist who independently conducted some of the same experiments as Young. fresnel showed that only a transverse wave theory of light could account for http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Fresnel.html

Branch of Science Physicists Nationality French Fresnel, Augustin (1788-1827) French physicist who independently conducted some of the same experiments as Young . Fresnel showed that only a transverse wave theory of light could account for double refraction To derive the Fresnel equations of reflection and refraction he worked backwards from the known properties of light to derive a dynamical theory. Fresnel also developed the mathematical theory of refraction and polarization in anisotropic crystals. From this theory, William Rowan Hamilton predicted conical refraction which was subsequently discovered. In his model, light consisted of two components with electric fields at right angle to each other. In 1819, during the judging of Fresnel's paper on diffraction at the Paris Academy, Poisson argued that the consequence of Fresnel's theory was that the center of the shadow of a diffracting disk should be illuminated. This unexpected effect was subsequent observed, verifying Fresnel's theory. Fresnel also suggested that permanent magnets could be described by aligned currents circulating around molecules. Fresnel rejected the corpuscular theory of light in favor of a dynamical theory of "luminiferous

22. Normandie Web - Augustin-Jean Fresnel augustinJean fresnel est né le 10 mai 1788 à Chambrais (dans l'Eure, commune qui deviendra Broglie http://www.normandieweb.org/culture/sciences/fresnel

Normandie Web : Culture Accueil Culture Sciences : Augustin-Jean Fresnel Augustin-Jean Fresnel Auteur : Olivier Courtois - Olivier.COURTOIS@adecco.fr Eure , commune qui deviendra Broglie Caen Caen Caen ... Sciences : Augustin-Jean Fresnel Calvados Eure Manche Orne ... Nature Outils Faire une recherche Liste Pomme FAQ Comment Participer ! ... webmaster@normandieweb.org http://www.normandieweb.org/culture/sciences/fresnel/index.html Ulimit

23. Fresnel Biography of augustin fresnel (17881827) augustin fresnel's parents were Jacques fresnel and augustine Mérimée. Jacques fresnel was an architect who undertook http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Fresnel.html

Augustin Jean Fresnel Born: 10 May 1788 in Broglie, France Died: 14 July 1827 in Ville-d'Avray, France Click the picture above to see a larger version Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Augustin Fresnel We should note that Jacques and Augustine Fresnel were Jansenists; that is they were followers of Cornelist Otto Jansen (1585-1638) who led the Roman Catholic reform movement named after him. Jansen argued that men cannot achieve salvation through their actions since it is predestined who Christ will lead to eternal life, the select few, and who are doomed to damnation, the multitude. Augustin was brought up with strict Jansenist values in a stern atmosphere which would strongly influence him for the rest of his life. The French Revolution began with the storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789 when Augustin was one year old. Louis XVI was executed on 21 January 1793 and there followed the reign of terror. In 1794, when Augustin was now six years old, the political situation in France was so difficult that the construction work on the harbour at Cherbourg had to be halted. The Fresnel family went to Mathieu, a village north of Caen. There young Fresnel spent the rest of his childhood years, and there his elementary education was provided by his parents. There is no record of any educational achievements by the young boy at this stage and, although it may be a little harsh on his parents to say so, it appears that they completely failed to bring out their son's talents.

24. References For Fresnel References for augustin fresnel. GA Boutry, augustin fresnel His Time,Life and Work 17881827, Science Progress 36 (1948), 587-604. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/References/Fresnel.html

References for Augustin Fresnel Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica. R Baierlein, Newton to Einstein (Cambridge, 1992). Articles: P Blaise, Augustin Fresnel [article] : a l'occasion du 200e anniversaire de sa naissance 10 mai 1788-14 juillet 1827, Annales des ponts et chaussees P Blaise, Augustin Fresnel 10th May, 1788 - 14th July, 1827, Bulletin of the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities G A Boutry, Augustin Fresnel : His Time, Life and Work 1788-1827, Science Progress J Z Buchwald, Fresnel and diffraction theory, Arch. Internat. Hist. Sci. A Chappert, Lettres nouvelles de la correspondance de Fresnel, Arch. Internat. Hist. Sci. C Dawson, Augustin-Jean Fresnel (1788-1827), Bulletin Liverpool Nautical Research Society Centaurus Main index Birthplace Maps Biographies Index History Topics ... Anniversaries for the year JOC/EFR August 2002 School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews, Scotland The URL of this page is: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/References/Fresnel.html

25. Nouvelle Page 5 Ecriveznous Bientôt une nouvelle version avec des pages corrigées Lycée augustin fresnel à BERNAY http://www.ac-rouen.fr/lycees/fresnel/home.html

26. Fresnel, Augustin Jean (1788-1827) X1804 Translate this page fresnel, augustin Jean (1788-1827) X1804. Après des études à l’Ecolecentrale de Caen, à l’Ecole polytechnique (où il entre http://www.bibliotheque.polytechnique.fr/patrimoine/collectionhomme/Fresnel.html

Fresnel, Augustin Jean (1788-1827) X1804 Arago (X1803)

27. Sommaire Alphabétique Translate this page Fabry, Maurice Paul Auguste Charles (1867-1945) Faraday, Michael (1791-1867) Foucault,Jean (1820-1868) fresnel, augustin Jean (1788-1827) Fortin, Nicolas (1750 http://www.bibliotheque.polytechnique.fr/patrimoine/instruments/sommairealphabet

SOMMAIRE ALPHABETIQUE DES INSTRUMENTS SCIENTIFIQUES ET DES INVENTEURS A B C D ... Z A Arithmomètre de Thomas Appareil Clément et Desormes Appareil à deux globes de verre de Gay-Lussac Appareil de rotation des courants par les aimants Appareil de Faraday Appareil de Bertin Appareil à pyrrothine Aimant de Jamin ... Analyseur Macé de Lépinay Appareil de polarisation elliptique de la lumière convergente Appareils de polarisation de Savart et Biot Ampère, André Marie (1775-1836) Arago François (1786-1853) Armstrong, William George (1810-1900) B Balance de Curie Balance de Deleuil Balance accélérée de gay lussac Balance de Coulomb ... Boussole des sinus et des tangentes de Pouillet Boîte d'aimants Boussole de déclinaison de gambey Boussole de Marine et sa boite Boussole d'inclinaison de gambey Bobine de Masson Bobine de Ruhmkorff Babinet, Jacques (1794-1872) Barlow, Peter (1776-1862) ... Becquerel, Antoine Henri (1852-1908) Bertin, Pierre-Augustin (1818-1884) Blondel, André Eugène (1863-1938)

28. Fresnel Lens Discussion by the 1850's, the government authorized use of a technology new to US the glorious,multiprismed lens invented in France by augustin fresnel (pronounced Fray http://www.lanternroom.com/misc/freslens.htm

The Fresnel Lens "The Shining Eye of the Lighthouse" America's first lighthouse used a system of silvered reflectors to intensify the main light source, a whale-oil lamp. But, by the 1850's, the government authorized use of a technology new to U.S.: the glorious, multiprismed lens invented in France by Augustin Fresnel (pronounced Fray-nell ) in 1822. It was a marvel....a complex array of dazzling glass prisms and bull's-eye lens mounted in a gleaming brass framework. Each lens cost $12,000 at the time plus shipping costs from France. The Fresnel lens was much more efficient at collecting and directing the light rays and produced a beam five times more powerful than the reflector system used previously. But, to take maximum advantage of the higher light intensity, the light had to be placed high enough to compensate for the curvature of the earth. When mounted at 100 feet above sea-level, it had a visible range of up to 18 miles at sea. The new lenses were ranked in six sizes called orders. The weakest, ranked sixth, was used in lights on lakes and in harbors while the largest, first-order lenses were used in lighthouses on fogbound coasts. A first-order lens, made up of over 1000 prisms, stood up to 10 to 12 feet tall and measured 6 feet in girth and could weigh up to 3 tons. Many lighthouses have their original Fresnel lenses in place though many are now unused having been replaced by aero-marine beacons. Many of these beautiful lenses have been removed from the lighthouses and placed in museums and other display areas where the public can view and appreciate the workmanship that went into them. Others, unfortunately, have been vandalized when the lighthouses were abandoned and left unguarded.

29. Fresnel, Augustin Jean. The American Heritage® Dictionary Of The English Langua fresnel, augustin Jean. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English LanguageFourth Edition. 2000. 2000. fresnel, augustin Jean. SYLLABICATION Fres·nel. http://www.bartleby.com/61/23/F0322300.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference American Heritage Dictionary freshwater ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. Fresnel, Augustin Jean

30. Fresnel, Augustin Jean. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001. fresnel, augustin Jean. ( güstN´ zhäN fr n l´) (KEY) 1788–1827, French physicist and engineer. http://www.bartleby.com/65/fr/Fresnel.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Fresnel, Augustin Jean

31. Encyclopædia Britannica fresnel, augustinJean Encyclopædia Britannica Article. To cite this page MLA style fresnel, augustin-Jean. 2003 Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=36045

32. FRESNEL, AUGUSTIN JEAN fresnel, augustin JEAN. fresnel, augustin JEAN (1788—1827), French physicist,the son of an architect, was born at Brogue (Eure) on the 10th of May 1788. http://29.1911encyclopedia.org/F/FR/FRESNEL_AUGUSTIN_JEAN.htm

document.write(""); FRESNEL, AUGUSTIN JEAN FRESCO (Ital. for cool, “fresh “), a term introduced into English, both generally (as in such phrases as alfresco, “in the fresh air “), and more especially as a technical term for a sort of mural painting on plaster. In the latter sense the Italians distinguished painting a secco (when the plaster had been allowed to dry) from afresco (when it was newly laid and still wet). The nature and history of fresco-painting is dealt with in the article PAINTING. FRESHWATER, a watering place in the Isle of Wight, England, 12 m. W. by S. of Newport by rail. Pop.(19o1) 3306. It is a scattered township lying on the peninsula west of the river Var, which forms the western extremity of the island. The portion known as Freshwater Gate fronts the English Channel from the strip of low-lying coast interposed between the cliffs of the peninsula and those of the main part of the island. The peninsula rises to 397 ft. in Headon Hill, and the cliffs are magnificent. The western promontory is flanked on the north by the picturesque Alum Bay, and the lofty detached rocks known as the Needles lie off it. Farringford House in the parish was for some time the home of Alfred, Lord Tennyson, who is commemorated by a tablet in All Saints’ church and by a great cross on the high downs above the town. There are golf links on the downs. See Duleau, “Notice sur Fresnel,” Revue ency. t. xxxix.; Arago, (Eurres corn plètes, t. i.; and Dr G. Peacock, Miscellaneous Works of Thomas Young, vol. i.

33. Augustin Fresnel Translate this page augustin Jean fresnel (1788 - 1827). französischer Ingenieur undMathematiker. augustin Jean fresnel wurde am 10. Mai http://www.physik.tu-muenchen.de/~kressier/Bios/Fresnel.html

Augustin Jean Fresnel (1788 - 1827) französischer Ingenieur und Mathematiker Augustin Jean Fresnel wurde am 10. Mai 1788 in Broglie bei Bernay in der Normandie geboren. Seine erste Untersuchung "La diffraction de la lumière (die Beugung des Lichts)" legte Fresnel am 15.10.1815 der Academie des Sciences vor. Bei der Durchführung seiner Interferenzversuche benutzte er verschiedene Techniken, wovon zwei besonders erwähnenswert sind. Zum einen der Spiegelversuch (zusammen mit Arago 1816) und zum anderen der Versuch mit dem Biprisma (1819). Fresnel erfand ein Glasprisma zur Erzeugung zirkular polarisierten Lichts, sowie die aus Glasringen aufgebauten Ring- und Gürtellinsen (Fresnellinsen) für Leuchttürme und Scheinwerfer von Schiffen und Fahrzeugen. Die erste Linse dieser Bauart wurde in den Cordouan-Leuchtturm eingebaut und ersetze die Hohlspiegel, welche in der salzhaltigen Meeresluft meist rasch erblindeten. Fresnels Arbeiten über die Mitführung des Lichts durch bewegte Körper (Strömungen) haben ein neues Teilgebiet der Optik geschaffen. Der Fresnelsche Mitführungskoeffizient bezeichnet den Bruchteil der Lichtgeschwindigkeit, mit dem sich Licht in bewegten Körpern (Strömungen) fortpflanzt. Armand Fizeau bestätigte Fresnels Arbeiten 1851 mit Versuchen an strömendem Wasser.

34. Fresnel, Augustin fresnel, augustin (17881827). French physicist who refined the theoryof polarized light. fresnel realized in 1821 that light waves http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/F/Fresnel/1.html

Fresnel, Augustin French physicist who refined the theory of polarized light. Fresnel realized in 1821 that light waves do not vibrate like sound waves longitudinally, in the direction of their motion, but transversely, at right angles to the direction of the propagated wave. Fresnel first had to confirm the wave theory of light. He demonstrated mathematically that the dimensions of light and dark bands produced by diffraction could be related to the wavelength of the light producing them if light consisted of waves. To explain double refraction, he then arrived at the theory of transverse waves. Fresnel was born in Broglie, Normandy, and studied in Paris, becoming a civil engineer for the government. When Napoleon returned to France from Elba in 1815, Fresnel deserted his post in protest. He was placed under house arrest, taking advantage of this enforced leisure to develop his ideas on the wave nature of light into a comprehensive mathematical theory. Napoleon's return proved to be short-lived and Fresnel was reinstated into government service.

35. Fresnel, Augustin Jean Translate this page fresnel, augustin Jean. fresnel, augustin Jean (1788-1827) physicien français,fondateur de l'optique moderne, il proposa une explication http://www.cartage.org.lb/fr/themes/Biographies/mainbiographie/F/FresnelJean/1.h

Fresnel, Augustin Jean

36. Fresnel, Augustin Jean fresnel, augustin Jean 17881827, French physicist and engineer. fresnel,augustin Jean. 1788-1827, French physicist and engineer. http://www.slider.com/enc/20000/Fresnel_Augustin_Jean.htm

Home Encyclopeadia F Fra - Fre ... Rope Ladders Slider Search: The Web Encyclopaedia Shopping Index Help Encyclopaedia Fresnel, Augustin Jean 1788-1827, French physicist and engineer. He is known for his research on light, especially on conditions governing interference phenomena in polarized light and on double refraction. His work supported the wave theory of light and the concept of transverse vibrations in light waves, which he analyzed mathematically. He devised a method of producing circularly polarized light and promoted the replacement of mirrors with compound lenses in lighthouses. He served as a government engineer during most of his career. Add URL Advertise Contact Us

37. Fresnel, Augustin Jean Or search the encyclopaedia HUTCHINSON ENCYCLOPEDIA. fresnel, AugustinJean. French physicist who refined the theory of polarized light. http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0026571.html

HOME Internet Access Broadband Email ... Travel Search the Web: serveAd("REFERENCE.HOME") REFERENCE ENCYCLOPAEDIA Hutchinson's Encyclopaedia Country Facts On This Day ... Wildlife TOOLS Car Insurance Cheap Flights Downloads Email By Phone ... What's On TISCALI About Us Business Services Investor Relations Contact Us Click a letter for the index A B C D ... Z Or search the encyclopaedia: HUTCHINSON ENCYCLOPEDIA Fresnel, Augustin Jean French physicist who refined the theory of polarized light . Fresnel realized in 1821 that light waves do not vibrate like sound waves longitudinally, in the direction of their motion, but transversely, at right angles to the direction of the propagated wave. Fresnel first had to confirm the wave theory of light. He demonstrated mathematically that the dimensions of light and dark bands produced by diffraction could be related to the wavelength of the light producing them if light consisted of waves. To explain double refraction, he then arrived at the theory of transverse waves. PAGE TOOL BOX Send to a friend Print now Related articles Related offers makeButtonNoSize("REFERENCE.HOME","R2") SITE MAP SERVICE STATUS HELP CONTACT US refreshads("REFERENCE.HOME",1); //refresh ads servePixl("REFERENCE.HOME"); //accipter 1x1 pixel

38. Fresnel fresnel, augustin. (17881827). Francouzský fyzik, který nezávisleprovedl stejný experiment jako Young. fresnel ukázal, že http://www.aldebaran.cz/famous/people/Fresnel_Augustin.html

Fresnel, Augustin Francouzský fyzik, který nezávisle provedl stejný experiment jako Young . Fresnel ukázal, že pouze pøíèné vlnìní svìtla mùže být zodpovìdné za dvojitý lom. Pøi odvozování Fresnelových rovnic pro odraz a lom postupoval obrácenì, od známých skuteèností k teorii. Vytvoøil také matematickou teorii lomu a polarizace v anizotropních krystalech. Z této teorie pøedpovìdìl William Rowan Hamilton kónický lom, který byl zanedlouho objeven. Astrofyzika Galerie Sondy Úkazy ... Odkazy

39. Fresnel Translate this page fresnel, augustin (1788-1827), físico francés partidario de la teoríaondulatoria de la luz. Nació en Broglie (Eure-et-Loir) y http://www.geocities.com/fisicaquimica99/fresnel.htm

Fresnel, Augustin

40. Fresnel, Augustin Jean encyclopediaEncyclopedia fresnel, augustin Jean, OgüstaN' zhäN frAnel' PronunciationKey. fresnel, augustin Jean 1788–1827, French physicist and engineer. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0819685.html

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