1. Sofia Kovalevskaya Sofia Kovalevskaya. January 15, 1850 February 10, 1891. In July of 1874,Sofia Kovalevskaya was granted a Ph.D. from the University of Gottingen. http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/kova.htm

Sofia Kovalevskaya January 15, 1850 - February 10, 1891 Kovalevskaya Stamps issued in 1951 and 1996. Written by Becky Wilson, Class of 1997 (Agnes Scott College) An extraordinary woman, Sofia Kovalevskaya was not only a great mathematician, but also a writer and advocate of women's rights in the 19th century. It was her struggle to obtain the best education available which began to open doors at universities to women. In addition, her ground-breaking work in mathematics made her male counterparts reconsider their archaic notions of women's inferiority to men in such scientific arenas. Sofia Krukovsky Kovalevskaya was born in 1850. As the child of a Russian family of minor nobility, Sofia was raised in plush surroundings. She was not a typically happy child, though. She felt very neglected as the middle child in the family of a well admired, first-born daughter, Anya, and of the younger male heir, Fedya. For much of her childhood she was also under the care of a very strict governess who made it her personal duty to turn Sofia into a young lady. As a result, Sofia became fairly nervous and withdrawntraits which were evident throughout her lifetime (Perl 127-128). Sofia's exposure to mathematics began at a very young age. She claims to have studied her father's old calculus notes that were papered on her nursery wall in replacement for a shortage of wallpaper. Sofia credits her uncle Peter for first sparking her curiosity in mathematics. He took an interest in Sofia and made time to discuss numerous abstractions and mathematical concepts with her (Rappaport 564). When she was fourteen years old she taught herself trigonometry in order to understand the optics section of a physics book that she was reading. The author of the book and also her neighbor, Professor Tyrtov, was extremely impressed with her capabilities and convinced her father to allow her to go off to school in St. Petersburg to continue her studies (Rappaport 564).

2. Sofia Kovalevskaya Sofia Kovalevskaya made valuable contributions to the theory of differential equations. NewYork SpringerVerlag. Sofia Kovalevskaya. Return to Main Menu. http://www.sjsu.edu/depts/Museum/lsk.html

Sofia Kovalevskaya made valuable contributions to the theory of differential equations. Sofia Kovalevsky was the middle child of Vasily Korvin-Krukovsky, an artillery general, and Velizaveta Shubert, both well-educated members of the Russian nobility. Sofia was educated by tutors and governess's in St. Petersburg and joined her family's social circle which included the author Dostoevsky. Sofia was attracted to mathematics at a very young age. She was greatly influenced by her uncle Pyotr Vasilievich Krokovsky, who greatly respected mathematics and often spoke about the subject in her presence. When Sofia was eleven years old, the walls of her room were papered with pages of lecture notes on differential and integral analysis by the Russian mathematician Ostrogradski. In addition to the information received from her uncle, the wallpaper served as Sofia's primary introduction to calculus. However, it was under the family's tutor, Joseph Ignatevich Malevich, that Sofia formally studied mathematics. Malevich tutored Sofia until the end of 1867. In 1869, Sofia travelled to Heidelberg to study mathematics and the natural sciences at the university, only to discover that women were not permitted to study. Eventually, she persuaded university authorities to allow her to attend lectures and seminars in physics and mathematics under Gustave R. Krichhoff for three semesters.

3. Kovalevskaya Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya. Honours awarded to Sofia Kovalevskaya (Clicka link below for the full list of mathematicians honoured in this way). http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Kovalevskaya.html

Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya Born: 15 Jan 1850 in Moscow, Russia Died: 10 Feb 1891 in Stockholm, Sweden Click the picture above to see six larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Sofia Kovalevskaya was the middle child of Vasily Korvin-Krukovsky, an artillery general, and Velizaveta Shubert, both well-educated members of the Russian nobility. Sofia was educated by tutors and governess's, lived first at Palabino, the Krukovsky country estate, then in St. Petersburg, and joined her family's social circle which included the author Dostoevsky. Sofia was attracted to mathematics at a very young age. Her uncle Pyotr Vasilievich Krukovsky, who had a great respect for mathematics, spoke about the subject. Sofia wrote in her autobiography:- The meaning of these concepts I naturally could not yet grasp, but they acted on my imagination, instilling in me a reverence for mathematics as an exalted and mysterious science which opens up to its initiates a new world of wonders, inaccessible to ordinary mortals. When Sofia was 11 years old, the walls of her nursery were papered with pages of

4. Kovalevskaya Sofia Vasilevna Kovalevskaya. Born in Moscow on January 15th, 1850, Sofia was themiddle child of Vasily KorvinKrukoskii and Velizaveta Schubert (see right). http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Miscellaneous/Kovalevskaya/biog.html

Sofia Vasilevna Kovalevskaya Born in Moscow on January 15th, 1850, Sofia was the middle child of Vasily Korvin-Krukoskii and Velizaveta Schubert (see right). Vasily was an artillery general from the Russian Nobility and Velizaveta was from a family of German scholars who had settled in Russia in the 18th Century, so both had benefited from a good education. When Sofia was born she was a disappointment to her parents as they had waited six years from the birth of her sister Aniuta (see right) for the arrival of a son and heir. Her elder sister had attention lavished on her as the first born and her mother never considered Sofia as attractive or as socially acceptable as her sister. So when the family had guests at the house, it was always Aniuta who was brought out to meet them. The family nurse, Praskovia, recognised the rejection of Sofia by her parents and consequently took the girl under her wing. Sofia was a strong willed youngster and there are stories of her resorting to her fists when she did not get her own way, this strong character would help her later in life as she faced many obstacles, not least the prejudices against women in society. Five years after Sofia's birth a son arrived and he received even more attention than his sister Aniuta. When Sofia was eight the family moved to Palibino. Upon moving there, Vasily had more time to spend at home and decided that Sofia should be educated before she turned into the spoiled and ignorant girl her sister had become. So Sofia was taken out of the nurse's charge and put into the care of the family governess, Margarita Frantsevna Smith (see right). The governess was a strict English woman who was raised in Russia. She was forbidden to inflict punishment in the household, so would instead humiliate Sofia before the family and servants. Sofia would be given a yellow ticket that spelt out her misdemeanour and made to wear it to dinner. Sometimes Sofia was caught reading books from the family library that weren't assigned to her and on hearing this news her father would have to reprimand her to protect the governess's authority.

5. Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya Sofia Kovalevskaya a biography, with links and bibliography. universities would not then admit women. But Sofia Kovalevskaya wanted to continue her studies in mathematics, so she http://home.swipnet.se/~w-80790/Works/Kovalevs.htm

The Works of Sonya Kovalevskaya Extracts from article by Kimberly A. Meares Possibly the most dazzling mathematical genius to surface among women during the past two centuries was the highly gifted Russian, Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya. She was born in Moscow on January 15, 1850 (3 January on the 19th century Russian Calendar), into a family of diverse backgrounds and talents. Sofia was destined to become a woman of great strengths veiled by great vulnerabilities, and the contributions she made to mathematics promise to be enduring ones. Her doctoral dissertation, "On the Theory of Partial Differential Equations," dealt with a rather general system of differential equations of the first order in any number of variables. Weierstrass had already given an analogous structure for total equations; Sonya's paper extended this to partial differential equations. This is a remarkable contribution which was published in Crelle's Journal in 1875. These results are still of importance today and relevant in finding solutions to differential equations with initial conditions, this is known as the Cauchy problem. What follows is a modern version of what is commonly known as the Cauchy-Kovalevskaya Theorem Let the partial differential equation be given in the form The preceding statement seems equally applicable to hyperbolic, elliptic, and parabolic equations. However, we shall see that difficulties arise in formulating the Cauchy problem for nonhyperbolic equations. Consider, for instance, the Hadamard (1935) example. The problem consists of the elliptic equation

6. Sofia Kovalevskaya Sofia Kovalevskaya made valuable contributions to the theory of differentialequations. Online citation Sofia Kovalevskaya. Return to Main Menu. http://www.sjsu.edu/depts/Museum/sk.html

Sofia Kovalevskaya made valuable contributions to the theory of differential equations. Sofia Kovalevsky was the middle child of Vasily Korvin-Krukovsky, an artillery general, and Velizaveta Shubert, both well-educated members of the Russian nobility. Sofia was educated by tutors and governess's in St. Petersburg and joined her family's social circle which included the author Dostoevsky. Sofia was attracted to mathematics at a very young age. She was greatly influenced by her uncle Pyotr Vasilievich Krokovsky, who greatly respected mathematics and often spoke about the subject in her presence. When Sofia was eleven years old, the walls of her room were papered with pages of lecture notes on differential and integral analysis by the Russian mathematician Ostrogradski. In addition to the information received from her uncle, the wallpaper served as Sofia's primary introduction to calculus. However, it was under the family's tutor, Joseph Ignatevich Malevich, that Sofia formally studied mathematics. Malevich tutored Sofia until the end of 1867. In 1869, Sofia travelled to Heidelberg to study mathematics and the natural sciences at the university, only to discover that women were not permitted to study. Eventually, she persuaded university authorities to allow her to attend lectures and seminars in physics and mathematics under Gustave R. Krichhoff for three semesters.

7. Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya. 7/28/99. Click here to start. Table of Contents.Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya. Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya. http://www.hsu.edu/faculty/worthf/mathematicians/Kovalevskaya/

Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya Click here to start Table of Contents Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya ... Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya Author: Fred Worth Email: worthf@hsu.edu

8. Sofia Kovalevskaya Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya. Russian Mathematician. Born 1850 inMoscow. She overcame widespread prejudice and personal difficulties http://www.math.colostate.edu/~estep/webgallery/pages/kovalevskaya.html

Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya Russian Mathematician Born 1850 in Moscow

9. Sofia Vasilyenvna Kovalevskaya Sofia Vasilyenvna Kovalevskaya. 19th century woman Russian mathematicianSofia Kovalevskaya, 19thcentury woman Russian mathematician. http://www.nohum.k12.ca.us/msd/mck/classrm/sheridan/sofia/sofia.htm

Sofia Vasilyenvna Kovalevskaya A Incredible, and very magnificent Women Mathematician of the late 1800's! "Picture Of Sophia at 23 yrs.." The Story Of The Famous Sofia Kovalevskaya The mathematician I chose for my biography was a very intelligent female, from Russia. I will be telling you about her life from birth through death. I will tell you about her contributions to the world of mathematics. I will also tell you about important things in her life. This mathematician's name is Sofia Vasilyenvna Kovalevskaya. Sofia was born January 15, 1850, in Moscow, Russia. Sofia quite often in her older years went by Sonya. Sofia was the middle child of Vasily Korvin-Krukvosky. Her parents both were well educated and of Russian Nobility. When Sofia was young only her governess and tutors educated her. Sofia started getting involved in mathematics at a young age. She gained this liking from her uncle, who as she quoted in her autobiography always was talking about the subject with her. By age 11 she had on her nursery walls notes of math from lectures people gave. She quite

10. Sofia Kovalevskaya Sofia Kovalevskaya. Interesting Facts. Sofia taught herself trigonometrywhen she was 14 years old. Presented a paper on Abelian integrals. http://cory-rawson.k12.oh.us/msgifted/sofia_kovalevskaya.htm

Sofia Kovalevskaya Interesting Facts Sofia taught herself trigonometry when she was 14 years old. Presented a paper on Abelian integrals Sofia gained a tenured position at the university, was appointed an editor for a mathematics journal and was appointed Chair of Mechanics. Developed a theory for an unsymmetrical body where the center of it's mass isn't on an axis in the body. She published her first paper on crystals. She was appointed an editor for a mathematics journal Links About Sofia's family and her life. My Report

11. Sofia Kovalevskaya Sofia Kovalevskaya. Born 15 Jan 1850 in Moscow, Russia. Died 10Feb 1891 in Stockholm, Sweden. She made valuable contributions to http://www.cchs165.jacksn.k12.il.us/Mathematics/Classes/calculus/WOMEN/tsld005.h

Sofia Kovalevskaya Born: 15 Jan 1850 in Moscow, Russia Died: 10 Feb 1891 in Stockholm, Sweden She made valuable contributions to the theory of differential equations. She was bitter to discover that the best job she was offered was teaching arithmetic to elementary classes of school girls, and remarked, “I was unfortunately weak in the multiplication table.” Previous slide Next slide Back to first slide View graphic version

12. Kovalevskaya Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya. Born 15 Jan 1850 in Moscow, RussiaDied 10 Feb 1891 in Stockholm, Sweden. Sofia Kovalevskaya was http://kspu.kaluga.ru/history/English/Kovalevskaya/Kovalevskaya.html

13. Ward Melville HS - Kovalevskaya Sofia Kovalevskaya. Q Today we have the privilege of speaking with renownedmathematician Sofia Vasi Vasilyev VASILYEVNA KOVALEVSKAYA. http://www.3villagecsd.k12.ny.us/wmhs/Departments/Math/OBrien/kovalevskaya.html

Sofia Kovalevskaya Q: Today we have the privilege of speaking with renowned mathematician Sofia A: Yes, I suppose so. But when all was said and done, I believe I did fairly well for myself. Q: I agree. Now, would you like to tell us a little about your background? Q: At what point did mathematics begin to interest you? Q: Your father supported this? Q: Could you briefly try to explain the theories in these three works? A: Yes, I got a degree of a Doctor of Philosophy in Mathematics, summa cum laude, based on my three papers, without any examination or public defense. I was also able to read my paper on abelian integrals to the Sixth Congress of Natural Sciences in Petersburg, in 1880. In 1883, I was finally offered a position by my friend Gosta Mittag-Leffler at the University of Stockholm, in Sweden. I also won the Prix Bordin, which was a contest for solving the problem of the differential equations involved in the rotation of a solid body around a fixed point, which you know I was already actively involved in. That was very hard however, as by that time my husband had committed suicide and my sister Anuita died of complications from an operation. The deadline of the contest drove me forward. Luckily, mathematics was more of a release at that point than my work. Q: Well, thank you for your time, Sofia. It was nice to speak with such an example of a woman pioneering in the male-dominated world of educated 19th century Russia.

14. Sample Template Sofia V. kovalevskaya sofia was born on January 15, 1850 in Moscow,Russia. Sofia was the middle child of Vasily, an artillery general http://www.cesa10.k12.wi.us/clustera/multimedia/fallcreek/mlsna/7/Sofia2.htm

Sofia V. Kovalevskaya Sofia was born on January 15, 1850 in Moscow, Russia. Sofia was the middle child of Vasily, an artillery general, and Velizaveta Shubert, both well-educated members of the Russian nobility. Tutors and governesses educated Sofia. She lived first at Palabino, the Krukovsky country estate, then in St. Petersburg, and joined her family’s social circle, which included the author Dostoevsky. Sofia was attracted to mathematics at a very young age. Her uncle, Pyotr V. Krukovsly, who had a great respect for mathematics, spoke about the subject. When Sofia was 11 years old, the walls of her nursery were papered with pages of Ostrogradski’s lecture notes on differential and integral analysis. She noticed that certain things on the sheets she had heard mentioned by her uncle. Studying the wallpaper was her introduction to calculus. Sofia’s father decided to put a stop to her mathematics lessons but she borrowed a copy of Bourdea’s algebra, which she read when the rest of the household was asleep. Sofia was forced to marry so that she could go abroad to enter higher education. Her father would not allow her to leave home to study at a university, and women in Russia could not live apart from their families without having the written permission of their father or husband. At the age 18, she entered a nominal marriage with Vladinir Kovaleski, a young paleontologist. The marriage to Kovaleski caused problems for Sofia.

15. Kovalevskaya, Sofia (1850-1891) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Bio kovalevskaya, sofia (18501891), Portions of this entry contributed byRoger Cooke. Portions of this entry contributed by Margherita Barile. http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Kovalevskaya.html

Branch of Science Mathematicians Nationality Russian ... Cooke Kovalevskaya, Sofia (1850-1891) Portions of this entry contributed by Roger Cooke Portions of this entry contributed by Margherita Barile Sofya Korvin-Krukoskaya, whose nickname was Sonja, was born in Moscow in 1850 the daughter of a general. She started studying mathematics books as a girl, encouraged by her paternal uncle Pyotr, but against the will of her father who, however, soon became aware of her remarkable talent and finally allowed her to take private lessons. Born in a strictly patriarchal society, she had to undergo a fictitious marriage to gain the freedom to travel, so in 1868 she married Vladimir Kovalevsky, a paleontologist and supporter of Darwinism, who had a troubled professional life and later committed suicide. In Heidelberg, Kovalevskaya received a special authorization to attend the lectures without being officially a student, since matriculation was not permitted for women. When she decided to move to Berlin to make the acquaintance of Weierstrass , she came upon even stricter rules, and Weierstrass had to teach her privately. She soon became Weierstrass's favorite pupil, as well as his friend. In this period, she wrote three mathematical papers, for which she was awarded a doctorate

16. Sonia KOVALEWSKA kovalevskaya Growing up in the Sixties, Russian Literature Triquarterly, 9 (1974) 287. Wilderich TUSCHMANN, Peter HAWIG sofia http://www.desargues.univ-lyon1.fr/home/fem/biblio/biblio-1-8.html

17. Kovalevskaya Browse the biography of this Russian mathematician born in 1850 and learn about her contributions to the theory of differential equations. sofia kovalevskaya was the middle child of Vasily KorvinKrukovsky, an artillery general, and Velizaveta Shubert, both http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Kovalevskaya.html

Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya Born: 15 Jan 1850 in Moscow, Russia Died: 10 Feb 1891 in Stockholm, Sweden Click the picture above to see six larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Sofia Kovalevskaya was the middle child of Vasily Korvin-Krukovsky, an artillery general, and Velizaveta Shubert, both well-educated members of the Russian nobility. Sofia was educated by tutors and governess's, lived first at Palabino, the Krukovsky country estate, then in St. Petersburg, and joined her family's social circle which included the author Dostoevsky. Sofia was attracted to mathematics at a very young age. Her uncle Pyotr Vasilievich Krukovsky, who had a great respect for mathematics, spoke about the subject. Sofia wrote in her autobiography:- The meaning of these concepts I naturally could not yet grasp, but they acted on my imagination, instilling in me a reverence for mathematics as an exalted and mysterious science which opens up to its initiates a new world of wonders, inaccessible to ordinary mortals. When Sofia was 11 years old, the walls of her nursery were papered with pages of

18. BiosWorld What's New May 2002. May 31, 2002. Dandelin, GerminalPierre (1794-1847) (NEW); kovalevskaya,sofia (1850-1891) (modified); Viète, Francois (1540-1603) (NEW). May 30, 2002. http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/whatsnew.html

19. References HarperCollins, 1993. Hypatia, Maria Agnesi, Sophie Germain, sofia kovalevskaya,Grace Chisholm Young, Emmy Noether, Ada Byron Lovelace; http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/biblio.htm

Biographies of Women Mathematicians , Agnes Scott College] References about Women Mathematicians Books and Articles Albers, Don. "Making Connections: A Profile of Fan Chung," Math Horizons, September 1995, 14-18. Albers, D. and G.L. Alexanderson. Mathematical People: Profiles and Interviews , Birkhauser, 1985. Contains interview with Olga Taussky-Todd. Albers, D., G.L. Alexanderson and C. Reid, More Mathematical People: Contemporary Conversations Contains conversations with Cathleen Morawetz, Julia Robinson, and Mary Ellen Rudin. The one of Julia Robinson is a reprint of the article by Constance Reid in the College Mathematics Journal with a correction to a mathematical misstatement and with better photos. Albers, D. and C. Reid. "An Interview with Mary Ellen Rudin," College Mathematics Journal, March 1988. Alic, Margaret. Hypatia's Heritage: A History of Women in Science from Antiquity throguh the NIneteenth Century, Beacon Press, Boston. [Agnesi, Chatelet, Germain, Lovelace, Kovalevsky] Anand, Kailash K. "Hanna Neumann: A great woman mathematician from down under," Association for Women in Mathematics Newsletter, 18(1) 1988, 10-13. Anand, Kailash K. "Cypra Cecilia Krieger and the Human Side of Mathematics," in

20. About Sofia Kovalevskaya sofia kovalevskaya. (January parents; kovalevskaya, sofia (18501891)- from Eric Weisstein's collection of scientific biographies; http://womenshistory.about.com/library/bio/blbio_kovalevskaya.htm

zfp=-1 About History Women's History Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting in partnership with Women's History with Jone Johnson Lewis Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') This Week's Articles tod('tih'); Today in History Daily Quiz tod('pod'); Picture of the Day Special Subscription Offers Subscribe Now Choose One: Subscribe Customer Service Subjects Essentials/Basics March: WH Month! Biographies World: by Place ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Sofia Kovalevskaya January 15 , 1850 - February 10, 1891) also: Sonya Kovalevskaya, Sofya Kovalevskaya, Sophia Kovalevskaia, Sonia Kovelevskaya, Sonya Korvin-Krukovsky, etc. novelist, mathematician first woman to hold a university chair in modern Europe first woman on the editorial staff of a mathematical journal Sofia Kovalevskaya's father was in the Russian Army and her mother was from a German family with many scholars; her maternal grandfather and great-grandfather were both mathematicians. She was born in Moscow, Russia, in 1850. As a young child Sofia Kovalevskaya was fascinated with the unusual wallpaper on the wall of a room on the family estate: the lecture notes of Mikhail Ostrogradsky on differential and integral calculus.

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