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         Four Colour Theorem:     more detail
  1. Graphs, Colourings and the Four-Colour Theorem (Oxford Science Publications) by Robert A. Wilson, 2002-03-28
  2. ON EXTENDED CONGRUENCES CONNECTED WITH THE FOUR-COLOUR MAP THEOREM. by P. J. (SIGNED) HEAWOOD, 1929-01-01

61. Four Colour Map Theorem From FOLDOC
four colour map theorem. mathematics, application (Or four colourtheorem ) The theorem stating that if the plane is divided into
http://www.instantweb.com/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?four colour map theorem

62. Bokpris.com - Graphs,Colourings And The Four-colour Theorem
Graphs,colourings and the fourcolour theorem Jämför priser, frakt ochleveranstiden på böcker i svenska och utländska Internetbutiker.
http://www.bokpris.com/0198510616
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Graphs,Colourings and the Four-colour Theorem
Författare: Information:
Wilson, Robert A.
Cloth. Oxf.U.P., UK, 200203 ISBN: Logga in e-mail:
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63. 4-colour Theorem
The 4colour theorem by Chris Fisher Department of Mathematics and Statistics Universityof Regina, Apparently the artist did not realize that four colors would
http://mathcentral.uregina.ca/RR/database/RR.09.97/fisher1.html
The 4-Colour Theorem
by
Chris Fisher
Department of Mathematics and Statistics
University of Regina
A nice discussion of map coloring can be found in "The Mathematics of Map Coloring," which Professor H.S.M. Coxeter wrote for the Journal of Recreational Mathematics, 2:1 (1969). He began by pointing out that in almost any atlas, 5 or 6 colors are used in a map of the United States to distinguish neighboring states. "Apparently the artist did not realize that four colors would have sufficed. (It is understood that two states may be colored alike if they merely have a point in common, as in the case of Arizona and Colorado.)" This leads to the mathematical question, Can every conceivable map (on a sphere or a plane) be colored with four colors, or does some particular map really need five? The question was first posed in 1852 by Francis Guthrie, a mathematics graduate student in London at the time. He had noticed the sufficiency of four colors for distinguishing the counties in a map of England. The question was passed along to several important British mathematicians (De Morgan, Hamilton), but apparently it was not seriously investigated until Cayley in 1878 challenged the members of the London Mathematical Society to solve it. From that time until its computer solution nearly 100 years later the problem stood alongside Fermat's last theorem among the great mathematical challenge of the century. Like the Fermat problem, the map-coloring question is easily stated and can easily be understood by anybody. Both problems lack any important consequences, yet have led to extraordinarily important new mathematical ideas and techniques. Both problems are alluring and elusive.

64. Walmart.com - Graphs, Colourings And The Four-Colour Theorem
Graphs, colourings and the fourcolour theorem,Wilson, Robert A. available at Walmart.com.Always Low Prices! Graphs, colourings and the four-colour theorem.
http://www.walmart.com/catalog/product.gsp?product_id=1734591&cat=22000&type=3&d

65. Maths Thesaurus
Forty, four, four color problem, four color theorem, four colour problem. fourcolour theorem, fourier, fourier coefficients, fourier series, fourier transform.
http://thesaurus.maths.org/dictionary/map/indices/F
F
(144 terms)
F distribution
F-table (P=0.001) F-table (P=0.01) F-table (P=0.05) ... Fuzzy

66. LinuxGuruz Foldoc Page
Affordable Web Hosting. Cheap Web Hosting. Was our site helpfull? Wantto make a donation? $. LinuxGuruz Foldoc. four colour map theorem.
http://foldoc.linuxguruz.org/foldoc.php?four colour map theorem

67. Oxford University Press
Graphs, colourings and the fourcolour theorem. Introductory and wellpaced explanations of the proof of the four-colour theorem.
http://www.oup.com/ca/isbn/0-19-851062-4
/local_assets/ca Click here for quick links About OUP Contact Us Search the Catalogue Services and Resources Site Map How to Order OUP Worldwide Home OUP Canada Home Education K-12 Higher Education English as a Second Language General and Reference
Book Information
Online Order Form Search the catalogue Features
Table of Contents
Graphs, Colourings and the four-colour theorem
Robert A. Wilson , Professor of Group Theory, The University of Birmingham
Price: $ 58.50 CDN
ISBN: 0-19-851062-4
Publication date: February 2002
OUP UK 150 pages, numerous figures, 156 mm x 234 mm
There is an alternative edition (Cloth)
Ordering Customers in Canada can place an order
using our online order form
  • Over 100 diagrams illustrating and clarifying definitions and proofs, etc
  • Contains exercises in every chapter.
  • Introductory and well paced explanations of the proof of the four-colour theorem.
  • Suitable for any level from late undergraduate upwards.

Description The four-colour theorem is one of the famous problems of mathematics, that frustrated generations of mathematicians from its birth in 1852 to its solution (using substantial assistance from electronic computers) in 1976. The theorem asks whether four colours are sufficient to colour all conceivable maps, in such a way that countries with a common border are coloured with different colours. The book discusses various attempts to solve this problem, and some of the mathematics which developed out of these attempts. Much of this mathematics has developed a life of its own, and forms a fascinating part of the subject now known as graph theory.

68. Graphs, Colourings And The Four-Colour Theorem
Graphs, colourings and the fourcolour theorem. von Robert A. WilsonKategorie Graphentheorie ISBN 0198510624. Synopsis The four
http://www.uni-protokolle.de/buecher/isbn/0198510624/
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Graphs, Colourings and the Four-Colour Theorem
von Robert A. Wilson
Kategorie: Graphentheorie
ISBN: 0198510624 Synopsis

69. Graphs, Colourings And The Four-Colour Theorem
Graphs, colourings and the fourcolour theorem. von Robert A. WilsonKategorie Graphentheorie ISBN 0198510616. Synopsis This textbook
http://www.uni-protokolle.de/buecher/isbn/0198510616/
Forum Chat Newsletter Nachrichten ... Suche Specials Eignungstest Kreditkarte
Graphs, Colourings and the Four-Colour Theorem
von Robert A. Wilson
Kategorie: Graphentheorie
ISBN: 0198510616 Synopsis This textbook for mathematics undergraduates, graduates and researchers discusses the proof of the four-colour theorem - one of the most famous of the long-standing mathematical problems solved in the 20th century.

70. Robert Wilson's Graph Theory Page
2 lectures; The fivecolour theorem. Kempe chains. Analysis of Kempe'sfalse proof of the four-colour theorem. 2 lectures; Edge-colourings.
http://www.mat.bham.ac.uk/R.A.Wilson/courses/YPC/
MSMYPC - Graph theory
Academic year 2002-3
Professor R. A. Wilson
Syllabus
(Subject to minor changes and revision)
  • Introduction, motivation, revision. Maps, graphs and duality. [1 lecture]
  • Euler's formula and corollaries. Plane and planar graphs. [2 lectures]
  • The five-colour theorem. Kempe chains. Analysis of Kempe's false proof of the four-colour theorem. [2 lectures]
  • Map-colouring on a torus. 2-cell embeddings of graphs. Heawood's 7-colour theorem. [2 lectures]
  • Topological background (informal). Genus. Generalisation of Euler's formula. Heawood numbers and Heawood's theorem. [2 lectures]
  • Subdivision. Contraction. Kuratowski's theorem. Wagner's theorem. [3 lectures]
  • Colouring nonplanar graphs. Brooks' theorem. Chromatic number. The conjectures of Hadwiger and Hajos. [4 lectures]
  • Reducibility. Unavoidable configurations and discharging - the idea of the Appel-Haken proof of the four-colour theorem. [3 lectures]
Teaching and learning materials
  • A set of notes, based on the 1998-9 course, but with significant additions, (155 pages) is available in dvi format , and in Postscript format
  • NEW: My book Graphs, colourings and the four-colour theorem

71. OUP USA: Graphs, Colourings And The Four-Colour Theorem
Table of Contents Higher Education Examination Copy Request Online Higher EducationComment Card, Graphs, colourings and the fourcolour theorem ROBERT A. WILSON
http://www.oup-usa.org/isbn/0198510616.html

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Higher Education Examination Copy Request
... Online Higher Education Comment Card Graphs, Colourings and the Four-Colour Theorem ROBERT A. WILSON, The University of Birmingham 154 pp.; 75 line illus; 0-19-851061-6 Publication dates and prices are subject to change without notice. Prices are stated in US Dollars and valid only for sales transacted through the US website. Please note: some publications for sale at this website may not be available for purchase outside of the US. This page last updated Tuesday, 18-Mar-2003 04:34:00 EST Please send comments or suggestions about this server to webmaster@oup-usa.org

72. OUP USA: ToC: Graphs, Colourings And The Four-Colour Theorem
Graphs, colourings and the fourcolour theorem Robert A. Wilson CONTENTS. Howto prove the four-colour theorem 9. Overview 10. Reducibility 11.
http://www.oup-usa.org/toc/tc_0198510624.html
Graphs, Colourings and the Four-Colour Theorem
Robert A. Wilson
CONTENTS Part I. Graphs, Maps and the four-colour problem

1. Introduction
2. Basic graph theory
3. Applications of Euler's formula
4. Kempe's approach
Part II. Related Topics
5. Other approaches to the four-colour problem
6. Maps on surfaces with holes
7. Kuratowski's theorem 8. Colouring non-planar graphs Part III. How to prove the four-colour theorem 9. Overview 10. Reducibility 11. Discharging Bibliography Index General Catalog Information Publication dates and prices are subject to change without notice. Prices are stated in US Dollars and valid only for sales transacted through the US website. Please note: some publications for sale at this website may not be available for purchase outside of the US. This page last updated Thursday, 13-Mar-2003 15:34:04 EST Please send comments or suggestions about this server to webmaster@oup-usa.org

73. The Cellular Automata Pages
of mathematics through some of its most intriguing theorems such as the Fundamentaltheorem of Algebra, Godel’s theorem, the fourcolour theorem and several
http://www.math.uwaterloo.ca/navigation/ideas/reviews/theoremmonth.shtml
Use
Menus
Theorem of the Month
www.shef.ac.uk/~puremath/theorems/all.html The University of Sheffield Pure Mathematics Department has put its best foot forward in this attempt to demonstrate the inherent interest of mathematics through some of its most intriguing theorems such as the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, Godel’s Theorem, the Four-colour Theorem and several others. One theorem is featured, the remainder can be accessed through a list on the main page. Although this site suffers from inconsistencies in style, numerous typographical problems, and occasional bad exposition, it has enough saving features to make it worth a visit by students of mathematics, as well as those with an interest in some of the more accessible theorems.
What You See
It is, after all, a university site, so we weren’t expecting fireworks. Beside a prim blue bar that provides links to other pages of the university’s site, there is a list of theorems or topics under the heading Other Theorems of the Month: Pythagorean Triples and the Congruent Number Problem Lagrange’s Four-square Theorem; Bezout’s theorem

74. How To Make Leather Juggling Balls
This would illustrate the fourcolour theorem except that the four-colour theoremapplies to maps on a plane rather than maps on a sphere; still, it refers to
http://www.pjb.com.au/jug/leatherballs.html
How to Make Leather Juggling Balls
These are Peter Billam 's suggestions for making the most personal and the prettiest juggling balls in the universe. The dodecahedral pattern is how balls were made in ancient Greece. Modern footballs are made in a similar way, though they have more faces and are reinforced with a bladder inside. These balls as I make them are stuffed with unhulled millet and don't bounce; I'm not sure how well they would stand up to being used in a bat-and-ball game as I've never tried - in my opinion they're far too beautiful to be hit around in the dirt. They are vulnerable to sharp objects, and to moisture. They can also get scuffed by rough surfaces. If filled tightly, they have a stage-ball feel, nothing like a bean-bag. The patterns are written in Postscript. I find Postscript a very useful language, and write a lot of it:
  • Muscript is my music typesetting program, which produces Postscript output I use Muscript to typeset my own musical compositions and arrangements All the logo gifs and background gifs for my web site are from Postscript originals.

75. Newsletter Item
held on Wednesday 23 October 2002 at University College London, London, as a jointmeeting on ‘The fourcolour theorem’ held with the British Society for
http://www.lms.ac.uk/newsletter/0212/reports.html
RECORDS OF PROCEEDINGS AT MEETINGS ORDINARY MEETING held on Wednesday 23 October 2002 at University College London, London, as a joint meeting on ‘The Four-Colour Theorem’ held with the British Society for the History of Mathematics. About 100 members and visitors were present for all or part of the meeting. The meeting began at 2.10 pm. The first session was Chaired by Dr J. BARROW-GREEN, Vice-President of the BSHM. Professor N.L. BIGGS introduced a lecture given by R. Wilson on ‘The Four-colour Problem: 1852-1940’. Professor Biggs introduced a lecture given by K. Appel and W. Haken on ‘Solving the Four-colour Problem’. After Tea, Professor J.T. STUART, FRS, President, assumed the Chair. Six people were elected to Ordinary Membership of the Society: D.J. Acheson, G. Ergun, G.A. Georgiou, V.I. Shrira, R. Steinberg, C. Voll; two people were elected to Associate Membership: C. Birkar, M.P. Lingham; and three people were elected to Reciprocity Membership: A. Holme (Nor. Math. Soc.), S.S. Rao (Amer. Math. Soc.), V.F. Sirvent, (Amer. Math. Soc.). Five people signed the book and were admitted to the Society. The Records of Proceedings of Meetings held on 27 February and 5 June 2002 were signed as correct records.

76. Graphs, Colourings, And The Four-colour Theorem (in MARION)
Graphs, colourings, and the fourcolour theorem. Title Graphs, colourings,and the four-colour theorem / Robert A. Wilson. Author
http://vax.vmi.edu/MARION/ACC-0815
Graphs, colourings, and the four-colour theorem
Title:
Author:
Published:
  • Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2002.
Subject:
Series:
Material:
  • viii, 141 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
Note:
  • Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-138) and index.
ISBN:
  • 0198510624 (acid-free paper)
System ID no:
  • ACC-0815
Holdings:
LOCATION: MAIN CALL NUMBER: QA612.19 .W55 2002
    • c.1 Not Checked Out
  • Back to Start

    77. Campusweb
    7. Graph colourings. The fivecolour theorem for planar graphs, the four-colourtheorem for planar graphs (without proof). Brook's theorem.
    http://www.leeds.ac.uk/students/ugmodules/math3032.htm
    SEARCH
    Undergraduate Module Catalogue
    Graph Theory
    10 credits Taught
    Semester 1, Year running Pre-requisites MATH2210 or equivalent. Co-requisites None Objectives
    To introduce students to some of the main concepts of graph theory. On completion of this module, students should be able to: (a) identify basic examples of isomorphic and non-isomorphic pairs of graphs, and make simple deductions involving vertex degrees; (b) apply a selection of criteria related to Eulerian and Hamiltonian graphs; (c) explain and apply the basic theories for trees, planar graphs and directed graphs; (d) show a basic knowledge of graph colourings, and apply a range of techniques for identifying chromatic numbers for graphs and surfaces. Syllabus
    Form of teaching

    Lectures: 20 hours. Other Hours: 20 office hours. Form of assessment
    One 2 hour examination at end of semester (85%). Coursework (15%). Last updated: 14/03/03 14:43:42 Undergraduate Module Catalogue Taught Postgraduate Module Catalogue Errors, omissions, failed links etc should be notified to Geoff Lidster Information regarding content of individual modules should be obtained from the departmental contact who can be found on the module index page

    78. Social Studies Of Science
    fierce controversy over whether or not the AppelHaken solution should be regardedas a 'proof', and contrasts the case of the four-colour theorem with Imre
    http://www.sagepub.co.uk/journals/details/issue/abstract/ab008065.html

    Return to Contents
    Social Studies of Science
    An International Review of Research in the Social Dimensions of Science and Technology
    Volume 29 Issue 01 - Publication Date: 1 February 1999
    Slaying the Kraken : The Sociohistory of a Mathematical Proof
    Donald MacKenzie Department of Sociology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland Return to Contents

    79. W3c-wai-gl@w3.org From July To September 2001: The 4 Colour The
    we have a name the 4 colour theorem a title Every planar map is four colorablea brief description Is it possible to colour any map, so that no borders
    http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/w3c-wai-gl/2001JulSep/0598.html
    the 4 colour theorem, and an alternative to the current list of guidelines.
    From: Jonathan Chetwynd ( j.chetwynd@btinternet.com
    Date: Mon, Aug 20 2001
  • Next message: Kynn Bartlett: "Re: the 4 colour theorem, and an alternative to the current list of guidelines." Message-ID: <003f01c12940$4e94b9a0$0f8c7bd5@btopenworld.com> From: "Jonathan Chetwynd" < j.chetwynd@btinternet.com w3c-wai-gl@w3.org http://www.math.gatech.edu/~thomas/FC/usa.gif a game: http://sourceforge.net/projects/focovil/ a new simpler proof: http://www.math.gatech.edu/~thomas/FC/fourcolor.html j.chetwynd@btinternet.com http://www.peepo.com "The first and still the best picture directory on the web"
  • 80. Graph Theory White Pages: Daniel P. Sanders
    (with Zhao, Yue) J. Graph Theory 22 (1996) 155166 05C15; The four-colourtheorem. 159 (1996) 199-215 05C38; A new proof of the four-colour theorem.
    http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~sanders/graphtheory/people/Sanders.DP.html
    Daniel P. Sanders
    http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~sanders/
    sanders@graphtheory.com

    23 Cliff Road
    Belle Terre, New York 11777
    USA
    Ph.D. 1993 Georgia Tech; Robin Thomas
    Linear algorithms for graphs of tree-width at most four
    Graph Theory Publications:
  • Coloring edges of embedded graphs. (with Zhao, Yue
    J. Graph Theory
  • Surfaces, tree-width, clique-minors, and partitions. (with Ding, Guoli Oporowski, Bogdan Vertigan, Dirk
    J. Combin. Theory Ser. B
  • On the entire coloring conjecture. (with Zhao, Yue
    Canad. Math. Bull.
  • On simultaneous colorings of embedded graphs. (with Maharry, John Discrete Math.
  • On total 9-coloring planar graphs of maximum degree seven. (with Zhao, Yue J. Graph Theory
  • A five-color theorem. (with Zhao, Yue Discrete Math.
  • On cyclic colorings and their generalizations. (with Borodin, Oleg V. Zhao, Yue Discrete Math.
  • On d -diagonal colorings of embedded graphs of low maximum face size. (with Zhao, Yue Graphs Combin.
  • Partitioning graphs of bounded tree-width. (with Ding, Guoli Oporowski, Bogdan Vertigan, Dirk Combinatorica
  • On 2-connected spanning subgraphs with low maximum degree. (with Zhao, Yue
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