61. On Wisconsin Described as the father of algebra. Influenced alKhwarizmi in his work. 320 ADPappus of Alexandria (Greek) Summarizes knowledge of greek mathematicians. http://www.uwalumni.com/onwisconsin/summer02/laska.html

Summer 2002 Features One Shot in Ramallah The King and I Con Nombre Spy vs. CI ... A Badger in Benin Alumni News Sidebars All the President's Records Street Life Budget Awaits Key Variable Plant vs. Plants ... Letters Letters On Wisconsin Magazine welcomes letters from our readers. The editors reserve the right to edit letters for length or clarity. Please mail comments to On Wisconsin, 650 North Lake Street, Madison WI 53706; fax them to (608) 265-8771; or e-mail them to WAA@uwalumni.com In the article titled "A Muslim's Jihad" in the Winter 2001 edition of On Wisconsin , some statements are made which are not entirely correct. In particular, on page 37, it states that in the last part of the first millennium and the first part of the second, "Islam produced the world's leading scientists, mathematicians, architects, and artists." It may be considered only a minor discrepancy, but this implies that all the leading scientists, etc., were produced by Islam. The words "many of" should be inserted between "produced" and "the" to make the statement true. Another statement is completely inaccurate. Muslims did not

62. Harmony Harmony and Dissonance Many of the greek mathematicians also used Harmonyand Dissonance in their studies of mathematics. One Greek http://www.springfield.k12.il.us/schools/southeast/pprojects/harmony.html

Harmony and Dissonance Many of the Greek mathematicians also used Harmony and Dissonance in their studies of mathematics. One Greek mathematician, Pythagoras, noticed that vibrating strings produced harmonious tones when the ratios of the lengths of the strings were whole numbers. Pythagoras aslo noticed that these ratios could be extended to other instruments, which allowed him to make remarkable contributions to the mathematical elements of music. Euclid, a Greek mathematician who specialized in Geometry, also conmtributed to the properties of harmony and dissonance. He found that if you take two strings in the same degree of tension, and then divide one of them exactly in half, when they are plucked, the pitch of the shorter string is exactly one octave higher than the longer. He also discovered that if the length of the two strings are in relation to each other 2:3, the difference in pitch is called a fifth. Also if the length of the strings are in relation to each other 3:4, then the difference is called a fourth. Thus the musical notation of the Greeks, which we have inherited can be expressed mathematically as 1:2:3:4 Musical harmonies are numerical ratios. A string or flute shortened to half of its original length produces a tone which is one octave higher. Ratios of 3 : 2 give a fifth and 4 : 3 give a fourth. The ratio of 3 : 4 : 5 gives the sides of a right-angled triangle, which established a connection of numbers to angles. Mathematicians classified numbers into categories of odd, even, prime, composite, perfect and amicable numbers. They used stones or pebbles in groups to form different patterns, which they classified as figurate, triangular, or square numbers.

63. Science Maths Computing Hall of Great Mathematicians. A Chronology of Mathematicians. Ancient greek mathematicians.The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. Famous Scientists, http://www.smc.qld.edu.au/scimathcomp.htm

science, mathematics and computing gENERAL sITES oTHER sITES ON THE COLLEGE WEBSITE NUMBER SYSTEMS FAMOUS MATHEMATICIANS ... PATTERNS GENERAL SITES Search Engines Encyclopedia.com The Homework Spot MEGA Math Other sites on our college website Science Links Math Links Number Systems Number Systems Numeric Systems Babylonian and Egyptian mathematics Sumerian and Babylonian Numerals ... Mayan Mathematics Famous Mathematicians Biographies of Women Mathematicians Mathematicians of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Mathematicians' anniversaries throughout the year African Mathematicians ... The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive Famous Scientists 4000 Years of Women in Science Biography Listing Ancient Greek Scientists Academy of Achievement Albert Einstein Online ... Treasure Trove of Famous Scientists Computer Science The History of Computing - A slide show lecture Computer Museum - slide show The future of computing Charles Babbage ... Glossary of PC and Internet Terminology TERM ONE ASSIGNMENT - PATTERNS http://www.uen.org/themepark/html/patterns/naturepatterns.html

64. Scottish Thought And Letters In The Eighteenth Century Halley. It was the latter's influence that tended to confirm Simson'sinterest in the writings of the greek mathematicians. In 1712 http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/exhibns/scottish/sci-med.html

Special Collections Library Home Special Collections Catalogues Main Library ... Course Material Scottish Thought and Letters in the Eighteenth Century Introduction History and Antiquites Geography Travels ... Literature SCIENCE AND MEDICINE 74. SIMSON, Robert. Volume of holograph letters on mathematical topics between Robert Simson.and Matthew Stewart. [1741-1755] MS Gen 146 After graduating at Glasgow University in 1711, Robert Simson spent a year in London where he met several eminent mathematicians, amongst them Edward Halley. It was the latter's influence that tended to confirm Simson's interest in the writings of the Greek mathematicians. In 1712 Simson returned to Glasgow as Professor of Mathematics. The rest of his life was spent in teaching and in research on the early Greek mathematicians - he published important works on Euclid, Pappus of Alexandria and Apollonius of Perga. This correspondence between Simson and Matthew Stewart (Professor of Mathematics at Edinburgh) was published in The proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society , vol. XXI, session 1902-1903.

65. Greek Mathematics greek mathematicians. The ancient Greeks were very interested in scientificthought. They were not satisfied with just knowing the http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/sirrobhitch.suffolk/Portland State University Greek

GREEK MATHEMATICIANS The ancient Greeks were very interested in scientific thought. They were not satisfied with just knowing the facts; they wanted to know the why and how. It should be no surprise that the Greeks were extremely successful in the area of mathematics. The mathematics we use today, and its content, are for the most part Greek. The Greeks laid down the first principles, and invented methods for solving problems. Though most people don't realize it, mathematics is a Greek science - regardless of what modern day analysis might bring. When people look back on Greek genius, they may naturally call to mind masterpieces in Greek literature and art . But the Greeks, with their insatiable desire to know the true meaning of everything and give a rational explanation of it, were irresistibly drawn to the sciences, exact reasoning in general, and logic. There are many famous Greek names in mathematics. One of which is Aristotle , who said he could conceive of nothing more beautiful than the objects of mathematics. Plato , delighted in geometry and the wonders of numbers, inscribed, "let no one destitute of geometry enter my doors" over the entrance to his academy.

66. T-shirts - The Natural Philosopher Certainly the greek mathematicians Eudoxus and Archimedes were very close. Theancient greek mathematicians represented numbers as patterns of dots. http://www.naturalphilosopher.com/Products/T-shirts.htm

Let American Consumer Counseling Help you Get Out of Debt! T-Shirts Home A Philosophical Edutainer? Upcoming Appearances ... A Bit About Me This page is under construction!!! T-shirt images to be posted soon, but there's interesting reading here in the meantime. As I intend these t-shirts to be conversation pieces, I've included a discussion of each image. This way when someone asks you, "What's that t-shirt supposed to mean?" you can answer them and perhaps make a new and valued friend in the process. Archimedes' Last Stand Descartes' Delirium Pythagoras' Epiphany This image was inspired by Zeno's famous paradox... The Greek philosopher, Zeno of Elea (6th century BC), suggested that a race be arranged between Achilles (the world's swiftest runner) and a tortoise. The tortoise was to get a substantial headstart. Zeno reasoned that after a short time Achilles would close the lead to ½ its original length. Then shortly afterward, he would close that distance by a ½ to ¼ its original length. Zeno said then that Achilles would have to continue this process forever, always closing the remaining gap by ½ but never catching the tortoise. With his paradoxes, Zeno challenged the prevailing concepts of space, time, motion, extension, the continuum and the infinite. It's been speculated that the Greeks would have invented the calculus many centuries before Newton and Leibnitz had it not been for Zeno's mind bending paradoxes. Certainly the Greek mathematicians Eudoxus and Archimedes were very close.

67. UCLA Distinguished Lecturers give a brief and listenerfriendly sketch of some popular topics in Mesopotamianmathematics that were taken up and further developed by greek mathematicians. http://www.math.ucla.edu/dls/2001/friberg.html

Distinguished Lecture Series (DLS) People News Media Page UCLA Department of Mathematics Scheduled Lectures Jöran Friberg Professor Emeritus of Mathematics Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden currently visiting Dibner Institute, MIT Monday, May 21, 2001 MS 6229 4:00 p.m. "On the Babylonian Roots of Classical Greek Mathematics" Abstract: It is a generally held belief that classical Greek mathematics arose miraculously out of humble beginnings around 500 BC, invented by a handful of pioneering mathematicians, of which perhaps Pythagoras is the most well known. Recent studies have shown that this view of the origin of mathematics is not correct. Instead, classical Greek mathematics was a more or less direct continuation of the work of many anonymous Mesopotamian mathematicians during the preceding two millennia (Late Babylonian, Old Babylonian, Old Akkadian, Sumerian, and even Proto-Sumerian). This lecture will give a brief and listener-friendly sketch of some popular topics in Mesopotamian mathematics that were taken up and further developed by Greek mathematicians. The lecture begins with a discussion of the incorrectly attributed ^Theorem of Pythagoras^ and its various kinds of known Babylonian predecessors. Other topics mentioned include the Babylonian geometric method of solving quadratic equations, imperfectly copied in Book II of Euclid's Elements, as well as a Babylonian predecessor of Hippocrates' famous squaring of the lune, and various types of Babylonian geometrical constructions related to number theory, perpetuated by Euclid in a book about Division of figures.

68. History Of Greek Mathematics: From Thales To Euclid Academically great This is not a terribly exciting book to read, butit is a superior reference for looking up greek mathematicians. http://www.wkonline.com/a/History_of_Greek_Mathematics_From_Thales_to_Euclid_048

Book > History of Greek Mathematics: From Thales to Euclid History of Greek Mathematics: From Thales to Euclid by Authors: Thomas L. Heath Released: June, 1981 ISBN: 0486240738 Paperback Sales Rank: List price: Our price: You save: History of Greek Mathematics: From Thales to Euclid > Customer Reviews: Average Customer Rating: History of Greek Mathematics: From Thales to Euclid > Customer Review #1: more than just history It should be noted that this is one of a two volume set. This author also compiled and commented upon The Elements of Euclid in three volumes [also available here]. These works were first brought to my attention by my Greek language professor nearly 40 years ago as the best English language source on Greek Mathematics. Just as the Greeks did not view pure mathematics or geometry as a lifes-work so to younger readers [through collage] the methods of logic may prove most useful.

69. CSU Maths Fun Page : Links themselves Ancient Mathematics Introduce your students to the greek mathematicians(and others) at the US Library of Congress Vatican Exhibit MacTutor History http://golum.riv.csu.edu.au/~sbuckley/maths/funpage/funlinks1.htm

The Cornell Theory Center Math and Science Gateway The CTK Exchange Mega- Mathematics! Graphics Maths Graphics and Visualization Math Forum Internet Resource Collection ; [ Annotated version Puzzles Questacon Puzzle Page some easy puzzles Math Forum Internet Resource Collection ; [ Annotated version Interactive Mathematics Miscellany and Puzzles Humour Science humor : collected by Joachim Verhagen (sciencejokes@xs4all.nl) Mathematics Humour some of these are pretty good! Science Jokes Archive Jokes for Mathematics Teachers People / History History of Mathematics ; A comprehensive chronology of mathematicians maintained by David Joyce at Clark University, USA, including more general maths; Also Web Resources for the History of Mathematics Erdos information. History of Mathematics Make maths live by introducing your students to the creative men and women who built modern mathematics. This archive contains an overview of the History of Mathematics including the biographies of more than 1000 mathematicians. About 200 of these biographies are fairly detailed and most are accompanied by pictures of the mathematicians themselves Ancient Mathematics Introduce your students to the Greek mathematicians (and others) at the US Library of Congress Vatican Exhibit MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive Biographies of Women Mathematicians Maintained by Larry Riddle, USA, this site contains some detailed biographies and images of women mathematicians.

70. Alphabet theorem Fundamental theorem of algebra General relativity Golden ratio Greek AstronomyGreek number systems greek mathematicians sources Greek mathematics http://www.chaffey.cc.ca.us/MathWeb/html/alpha.html

Click on the Phone to contact the math department When you need help with math, think of the Math Success Center. www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Indexes/HistoryTopics.html Topics Covered Abstract group concept Abstract linear spaces Arabic mathematics : forgotten brilliance? Arabic numerals Babylonian mathematics Babylonian numerals Bakhshali manuscript Chronology of Pi Chrystal and the Royal Society of Edinburgh Cosmology Doubling the cube e Egyptian mathematics Egyptian numerals Egyptian papyri Elliptic functions English attack on the Longitude Problem Fermat's last theorem Four colour theorem Fundamental theorem of algebra General relativity Golden ratio Greek Astronomy Greek number systems Greek mathematicians - sources Greek mathematics - sources Harriot's manuscripts Hirst's diary comments History of calculus History of the number e History of group theory History of mathematics at St Andrews to 1700 History of Pi History of Quantum mechanics History of Set Theory History of Zero History of Topology How do we know about Greek mathematicians? How do we know about Greek mathematics?

71. Eden Prairie High School:MathandMusic.html Although Pythagoras is noted as the founder of this idea, many greek mathematicians(including Claudius Ptolemy) believed in the universe as being bound http://www.edenpr.k12.mn.us/ephs/ArcadiaWeb/Math/mathandmusic.html

Math and Music The History of Math and Music Ancient Greeks Pythagoras of Samos (c.582-c.507 B.C.) originated the idea of music as a branch of mathematics. The theories of Pythagorean tuning and the idea of musical intervals expressed as mathematical ratios were built upon this premise "...they saw there at the middle of the light the extremities of its fastening stretched from heaven; ... from the extremities was stretched the spindle of [the goddess] Necessity, ...And the spindle turned on the knees of Necessity, and up above on each of the rims of the circles a Siren stood, borne around in its revolution and uttering one sound, one note, and from all the eight there was the concord of a single harmony." (Plato 501-505) This is the first reference to any kind of celestial music where the paths of the heavenly bodies are described as correlating to a specific musical tone. Johannes Kepler Practical and Modern-Day Applications of Math in Music Time Signatures Mathematics are applied directly to the use of time signatures in music. You might recognize the fraction above as a time signature as it might appear on sheet music. The numerator represents how many beats will be in each measure of music; the denominator tells which note will be indicitive of the beat (by placing a one above the bottom number, you will get the fraction that represents what note it is). In this case, there are four beats per measure and the quarter note gets the beat. By using this symbol, the time signature is kept mathematically precise in order to keep the music moving. Other ways of keeping the rythm precise are by using a metronome, a device that taps out the beat of the music while a song is playing.

72. Introductory Essay It seems that greek mathematicians had a set of theorems and techniques,repeatedly used for their investigations. This set may http://wwwhs.cias.osakafu-u.ac.jp/~ksaito/Pidx_0.html

Index of the Propositions Used in Book 7 of Pappus' Collection Ken SAITO (This article was originally printed in Jinbun Kenkyu: The Journal of Humanities, No.26(1997), Faculty of Letters, Chiba University pp. 155-188. For this printed version, write to the author Home Introductory Essay (this File).(14KB) Part 1-1. Symbols for Propositions in Part 1. Part 1-2. List of the Propositions used in Pappus Book 7. Part 2: Index of the Propositions used in Pappus Book 7. Part 3. Index in the order of Pappus' text. ... Bibliography and Acknowledgements. Introductory Essay 1. Introduction Not all the propositions proved in the Elements are of equal importance. Some propositions are "local," in the sense that they are never used again after the book in which they appear though they could be useful in further arguments, while there are other propositions which, though not very impressive to us, are repeatedly used also by other authors. It seems that Greek mathematicians had a set of theorems and techniques, repeatedly used for their investigations. This set may have been considerably different from the set of propositions that seem important to us. Let us call this set the "tool box" of Greek mathematicians. This article reports a tentative research of restoring this "tool box." For this purpose, every proposition of Book 7 of Pappus'

73. Ralph's Manual Of Style - Punctuation s greatest mathematician, Hestrodostrophes, in the third century bc, during the agethat historians call the Golden Age of greek mathematicians; it was invented http://www.geocities.com/ralphstyle/s-pun.html

Ralph's Guide to the Little Dots and Dashes (PUNCTUATION The Period Milke Tomahartman best describes this most terminal of punctuation marks in her epic poem Ode to a Dot with her unforgettable stanza: ’Tis not the fact that nothing hereto will continue That makes this mark so true, More pressing is the sum That nothing more thereto will come. Though more known, and rightly so, for her grammar than her prowess with words and sounds, the renowned poetess also penned a twelve-thousand-and-six-hundred-page manuscript entitled “The Run-On Sentence.” Surely no truer supporter of the full stop has ever been known. (Surely no one questioned her capitalization of the word on in the title.) But back to the period. the period is used at the end of the sentence, following numbers in lists, and in many abbreviations, and some people find it a tasteful addition to a martini. That's pretty much it. Period. The Comma The comma is a lot like the period, the major difference being a little tail hanging down between what would be its legs if it had legs. This is a good metaphor, since the difference between the comma and the period is that the comma is a woos, causing only a pause and not a full stop. It’s kind of like a poodle in a world of Doberman pinschers and German shepherds. As editors, what we find wondrous about the comma is not the many nuances it can add to the language, or the many misreadings it can avoid; what we find most wonderful about it is this:

74. Intro To HTML what is true we ought to follow what is most probable. /blockquote ltp lth3 Theseare my favorite greek mathematicians (unordered list) /h3 ltul ltli http://math.rice.edu/~lanius/pres/sc98/ezhtml.html

Introduction to HTML: "The Language of the World Wide Web" A Web page is written in a special format that conforms to the HyperText Markup Language or HTML HTML consists of a set of tags that are translated by your Web browser fun A summary of HTML tags is included at the end of this tutorial. Every Web page has the same basic form: Note that there are two sections, the heading and the body Also note that most tags come in pairs with the ending tag denoted with a For example: This is an HTML Example >From Einstein's book Relativity: In your schooldays most of you who read this book made acquaintance with the noble building of Euclid's geometry, and you remember-perhaps with more respect than love-the magnificent structure, on the lofty staircase of which you were chased about for uncounted hours by conscientious teachers. Add a few more tags for italics , to display some words in bold , paragraph breaks, line breaks, and horizontal rules: From Einstein's book Relativity In your schooldays most of you who read this book made acquaintance with the noble building of Euclid's geometry, and you remember-perhaps with

75. Mathematical Printed Collection All the eminent greek mathematicians are represented in early or significant editionsPythagoras, with two editions of Hierocles’ commentary on his Carmina http://rylibweb.man.ac.uk/data2/spcoll/maths/

The John Rylands University Library Special Collection Guide MATHEMATICAL PRINTED COLLECTION 1,000 items (dispersed). The Library has a wide range of printed works which chart the history of mathematics, from ancient times to the 19th century. All the eminent Greek mathematicians are represented in early or significant editions: Pythagoras, with two editions of Hierocles’ commentary on his Carmina Aurea , printed by Bartholomaeus de Valdezoccho (Padua, 1474) and Arnold Pannartz (Rome, 1475); Aristotle, with the first edition of the complete works in Greek (Aldus, Venice, 1495-98); Euclid, with copies of the first edition of the Elements , printed by Ratdolt in a Latin translation (Venice, 1482), the first edition of the Greek text printed by Hervagius (Basel, 1533), and the first English translation by Sir Henry Billingsley (1570); and Archimedes, with the first edition by Hervagius (Basel, 1544). Boethius made Latin redactions of a number of Greek scientific writings in around 500 AD. The Library has over fifty editions of his works, the earliest being the De Consolatione Philosophiae (Savigliano, 1470).

76. Geometry History Books Archimedes is considered the greatest of greek mathematicians. Archimedes isregarded as the greatest of the greek mathematicians and physicists. http://www.geometryalgorithms.com/books_history.htm

Books about the History of Geometry The story of the history of geometry can be found in the following recommended books. Also, check out our Short History of Geometry with mini-biographies of the most influential geometers. Cover N/A Apollonius: Conics Books V to VII: The Arabic Translation of the Lost Greek Original in the Version of the Banu Musa by Apollonius, Edited by G.J. Toomer This is the first literal English translation of the first edition of the original text of the advanced part of the most important work on conic sections written in antiquity and one of the most influential works in all of mathematics. The original Greek text is lost, and this is based on the sole surviving Arabic translation made in the 9th century which has never been translated directly to English. Cover N/A The Works of Archimedes by Archimedes, Translated by Thomas Heath (2002) Archimedes is considered the greatest of Greek mathematicians. This collection contains his surviving manuscripts translated by the renowned Thomas Heath (noted for his translation of Euclid's 13 books).

77. Perseus Update In Progress The circle is one of the enigma's of mathematics. It is defined as the set of points in a given plane at a given distance from a center point. From a practical position, a compass is an excellent tool for describing such a circle. Egyptian's, though, are considered practical mathematicians and probably never confronted the The problem gained importance as greek mathematics evolved, and it eventually became http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/GreekScience/Students/Tim/SquaringCircle.html

The Perseus Digital Library is Being Updated Notice The main Perseus web site (at Tufts) is unavailable from 5:00 to 6:00, US Eastern time, in order to rebuild its databases with new or changed meta-data. We apologize for this inconvenience.

78. ThinkQuest Library Of Entries Who was Ptolemy? Claudius (Ptolemaues) Ptolemy, born in Egypt in about 85 A.D., one of the most infuential greek astronomers, geographers and mathematicians. http://library.advanced.org/19029/history200.html

Welcome to the ThinkQuest Internet Challenge of Entries The web site you have requested, Ptolemy's Ptools , is one of over 4000 student created entries in our Library. Before using our Library, please be sure that you have read and agreed to our To learn more about ThinkQuest. You can browse other ThinkQuest Library Entries To proceed to Ptolemy's Ptools click here Back to the Previous Page The Site you have Requested ... Ptolemy's Ptools click here to view this site A ThinkQuest Internet Challenge 1998 Entry Click image for the Site Languages : Site Desciption Ever wonder how high a cloud is? You can calculate altitude right from your own backyard and this site will tell you how. It will also show you how to have fun while completing math projects. Learn more about Claudius Ptolemy, a famous Greek mathematician. Check out quadrants and the properties of triangles. Do math projects which measure trees, buildings, cloud altitude, wind speed, and the altitude of a model rocket flight. Students Carl home schooled Corey home schooled Coaches Kye Palm Beach County Library FL, United States

79. Biography Of Pappus Of Alexandria Wrote treatise, the Mathematical Collection, as a guide to greek geometry, discusses theorems and constructions of more than thirty different mathematicians of antiquity. http://www.lib.virginia.edu/science/parshall/pappus.html

Biography of Pappus of Alexandria Pappus of Alexandria flourished in the first half of the fourth century. He wrote his treatise, the Mathematical Collection , as a guide to Greek geometry. Here Pappus discusses theorems and constructions of more than thirty different mathematicians of antiquity, including Euclid , Archimedes and Ptolemy. Sometimes, as in the case of the problem of inscribing the five regular solids in a given sphere, Pappus provides alternatives to the proofs given in earlier works. In other cases, he generalizes theorems of earlier writers, as he does with the Pythagorean Theorem found in Euclid's Elements MAIN DOCUMENT CONTENTS FIRST MENTION To return to place in document from which you came, click on your browser's BACK BUTTON. Selected Biographical References Gillispie, Charles C. ed. The Dictionary of Scientific Biography , 16 vols. 2 supps. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1970-1990. S.v. "Pappus of Alexandria" by Ivor Bulmer-Thomas. Heath, Thomas L. A History of Greek Mathematics , 2 vols. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Clarendon Press, 1921. 1:355-439.

80. The Hellenic Cultural Society Of San Diego, California The Hellenic Cultural Society is a notfor-profit corporation dedicated to researching, preserving and promoting the great work of the philosophers, historians, mathematicians, scientists, writers, artists and other minds of greek origin. http://www.hellenic-culture.org/

Site Design [ Gaucho Graphics

Page 4     61-80 of 95    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | Next 20