1. The Language Of Thought Hypothesis Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy The Language of Thought hypothesis The Language of Thought hypothesis (LOTH) postulates that thought and thinking take place in a mental language. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/language-thought

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A B C D ... Z content revised JUL The Language of Thought Hypothesis The Language of Thought Hypothesis (LOTH) postulates that thought and thinking take place in a mental language. This language consists of a system of representations that is physically realized in the brain of thinkers and has a combinatorial syntax (and semantics) such that operations on representations are causally sensitive only to the syntactic properties of representations. According to LOTH, thought is, roughly, the tokening of a representation that has a syntactic (constituent) structure with an appropriate semantics. Thinking thus consists in syntactic operations defined over such representations. Most of the arguments for LOTH derive their strength from their ability to explain certain empirical phenomena like productivity and systematicity of thought and thinking. What is the Language of Thought Hypothesis? Status of LOTH Scope of LOTH Nativism and LOTH ... Argument from the Systematicity of Thinking (Inferential Coherence) Objections to LOTH Regress Arguments against LOTH Propositional Attitudes without Explicit Representations Explicit Representations without Propositional Attitudes ... Related Entries What is the Language of Thought Hypothesis?

2. AThe Riemann Hypothesis A prime pages article by Chris K. Caldwell.Category Science Math Number Theory Analytic Riemann hypothesis......Here we define, then discuss the Riemann hypothesis. We provide several relatedlinks. The Riemann hypothesis (Another of the Prime Pages' resources). http://www.utm.edu/research/primes/notes/rh.html

The Riemann Hypothesis (Another of the Prime Pages ' resources Home Search Site Largest Finding ... Submit primes Summary: When studying the distribution of prime numbers Riemann extended Euler's zeta function (defined just for s with real part greater than one) to the entire complex plane ( sans simple pole at s = 1). Riemann noted that his zeta function had trivial zeros at -2, -4, -6, ... and that all nontrivial zeros were symmetric about the line Re( s The Riemann hypothesis is that all nontrivial zeros are on this line. In 1901 von Koch showed that the Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to: The Riemann Hypothesis: Euler studied the sum for integers s >1 (clearly (1) is infinite). Euler discovered a formula relating k ) to the Bernoulli numbers yielding results such as and . But what has this got to do with the primes? The answer is in the following product taken over the primes p (also discovered by Euler): Euler wrote this as Riemann later extended the definition of s ) to all complex numbers s (except the simple pole at s =1 with residue one). Euler’s product still holds if the real part of

3. Infinite Ink: The Continuum Hypothesis By Nancy McGough Read a document by Nancy McGough that gives an overview of the Continuum hypothesis with sections on mathematical assumptions and metamathematics. THE CONTINUUM. hypothesis. By Nancy McGough (nm@noadsplease.ii.com) http://www.ii.com/math/ch

mathematics T HE C ONTINUUM H YPOTHESIS By Nancy McGough nm noadsplease.ii.com Overview 1.1 What is the Continuum Hypothesis? 1.2 Current Status of CH Alternate Overview Assumptions, Style, and Terminology 2.1 Assumptions 2.1.1 Audience Assumptions 2.1.2 Mathematical Assumptions 2.2 Style 2.3 Terminology 2.3.1 The Word "continuum" 2.3.2 Ordered Sets 2.3.3 More Terms and Notation Mathematics of the Continuum and CH 3.1 Sizes of Sets: Cardinal Numbers aleph c aleph 3.1.2 CH and GCH 3.1.3 Sample Cardinalities 3.2 Ordering Sets: Ordinal Numbers 3.3 Analysis of the Continuum 3.3.1 Decomposing the Reals 3.3.2 Characterizing the Reals 3.3.3 Characterizing Continuity 3.4 What ZFC Does and Does Not Tell Us About c Metamathematics and CH 4.1 Consistency, Completeness, and Compactness of ... 4.1.1 a Logical System 4.1.2 an Axiomatic Theory 4.2 Models of ... 4.2.1 Real Numbers 4.2.2 Set Theory 4.2.2.1 Inner Models 4.2.2.2 Forcing and Outer Models 4.3 Adding Axioms to Zermelo Fraenkel Set Theory 4.3.1 Axioms that Imply CH or GCH 4.3.1.1 Explicitly Adding CH or GCH 4.3.1.2 V=L: Shrinking the Set Theoretic Universe

4. The Riemann Hypothesis Papers and other links related to RH compiled by Dan Bump.Category Science Math Number Theory Analytic Riemann hypothesis......The Riemann hypothesis. Spectral Interpretation. One idea for proving the Riemannhypothesis is to give a spectral interpretation of the zeros. http://match.stanford.edu/rh/

The Riemann Hypothesis Spectral Interpretation One idea for proving the Riemann hypothesis is to give a spectral interpretation of the zeros. That is, if the zeros can be interpreted as the eigenvalues of 1/2+iT, where T is a Hermitian operator on some Hilbert space, then since the zeros of a Hermitian operator are real, the Riemann hypothesis follows. This idea was originally put forth by Polya and Hilbert, and serious support for this idea was found in the resemblence between the ``explicit formulae'' of prime number theory, which go back to Riemann and Von Mangoldt, but which were formalized as a duality principle by Weil, on the one hand, and the Selberg trace formula on the other. GUE The best evidence for the spectral interpretation comes from the theory of the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble , which shows that the local behavior of the zeros mimics that of a random Hamiltonian. The link gives a more extended discussion of this topic. Goldfeld Goldfeld gave two spectral interpretations of the zeros of the zeta function; neither of these seems to prove the Riemann hypothesis. For example, in one interpretation, the zeros are eigenvalues of an operator, but it is unclear why the operator should be Hermitian. Connes Abstract: We reduce the Riemann hypothesis for L-functions on a global field k to the validity (not rigorously justified) of a trace formula for the action of the idele class group on the noncommutative space quotient of the adeles of k by the multiplicative group of k.

5. The Gaia Hypothesis - Lovelock & Margulis - Index To Resources Presents the research and development resources gathered and annotated concerning the Gaia hypothesis Category Science Math Complex Systems Abstract Organisms Gaia......The Gaia hypothesis Resource Document Index - This document presents the research development resources gathered and annotated concerning the GAIA http://www.magna.com.au/~prfbrown/gaia.html

The Gaia Hypothesis proposed by Dr James Lovelock Dr Lynn Margulis "Giants of Gaia" Diana Stanley Contents of this Resource Chapter 1 ... Foreword, Introduction and Summary to this Publication Chapter 2 ... Dr James Lovelock - Formulation of the Gaia Hypothesis Chapter 3 ... Dr Lynn Margulis - Microbiological Collaboration of Gaia Chapter 4 ... A Collation of Earlier Background Contributors to Gaia Chapter 5 ... A Collation of Scientific Commentary on the Gaia Hypothesis Chapter 6 Chapter 7 ... Comprehensive Compendium of WWW Gaian Resources Chapter 8 ... Biblographical References relating to the Gaia Hypothesis Chapter 9 ... Further and Future Evolution of the Gaia Hypothesis Web Publication by Mountain Man Graphics, Australia - Southern Autumn of 1996

6. Willkommen Bei Hypothesis hypothesis IV. Hydrogen Power Theoretical and Engineering Solutions http://www.hypothesis.de/

Willkommen bei Hypothesis http://hypothesis.de/

7. Introduction The Two Gospel hypothesis (2GH), formerly known as the Griesbach hypothesis, presents a comprehensive solution to the http://www.colby.edu/rel/2gh

A Web Site for the Two Gospel Hypothesis The Two Gospel Hypothesis (2GH), formerly known as the Griesbach Hypothesis, presents a comprehensive solution to the Synoptic Problem. First given its name by Bernard Orchard, the Two Gospel Hypothesis proposes that the Gospel of Matthew was the earliest gospel, that the author of the Gospel of Luke used the Gospel of Matthew as a source, and that the author of the Gospel of Mark wrote using both the Gospels of Matthew and Luke as sources. This page has been created to provide interested parties with basic information about this solution and its advantages. Links to detailed evidence and work in progress will be provided for those who wish to explore the solution further. We strongly recommend that you set your browser to view these pages at "full screen" configuration.

8. Dinosaures An original, serious and wellargued theory by F.Malmartel explaining dinosaur extinction, especially why dinosaurs disappeared when reptiles survived. http://frederic.malmartel.free.fr/Fin_des_dinosaures/eedinosaures1.htm

Dinosaurs' end, the gravitational hypothesis by F.Malmartel Updated each quarter, at least! Problem's terms: Problems' terms are well known: 65 millions years ago, dinosaurs suddenly died. These animals have been lords of the Earth during more than 200 millions years. Their supremacy was uncontested...until they disappear in a few years! Why and how? Why, only some animals - and plants too -, like dinosaurs disappear? when mammals, birds, insects and above all lots of reptiles stay alive! Why do dinosaurs disappear all at once? Several explanations... All sorts of explanations have been made to explain dinosaurs' end:: epidemic climate change competition with mammals volcanic explosion The most hare-brained one, beloved by the media being:: the meteorite one All wrongs! He is the weak side of all these hypotheses: Why will he stay alive when his cousins die? No one of these theories is able to explain why only dinosaurs disappear, when in the same time more weak, more primitive animals like reptiles do survive! Why do gallimimus ( 27 kg ) or wannanosaurus ( 60 cm ) - disappear when big crocodiles and sharks do survive?

9. Introdution To The Theory A theory of human evolution which seeks to understand how humans evolved from animals that were similar to the great apes. http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/4314/intromhh.html

The Amphibious-Generalist Hypothesis of Human Evolution 'Why are there human beings?' or 'What caused them to evolve?' must be two of the most fundamental questions in science, and indeed form the whole raison d'etre of anthropology. Robert Foley The Amphibious-Generalist Hypothesis seeks to understand how humans evolved from animals that were similar to the great apes. My view is that they were hyper-generalists, adaptable and capable of exploiting different habitats, including aquatic habitats. go to outline of theory

10. Greenhouse Warming: Fact, Hypothesis, Or Myth? One man's analysis of the data, by Douglas HoytCategory Science Environment Global Change Activists and NGOs...... Updated on March 24, 2001 with few comments added below. GreenhouseWarming Fact, hypothesis, or Myth? Changing Skyline hypothesis. http://www.erols.com/dhoyt1/

Visit David Lawrence Dewey's Homepage - author/syndicated columnist Updated on Jan 14, 2000 with comments on the recent NRC report on temperature trends Updated on March 24, 2001 with few comments added below Greenhouse Warming: Fact, Hypothesis, or Myth? Just recently I ( Douglas V. Hoyt , author of the book "The Role of the Sun in Climate Change" , and more than 80 scientific publications ) have started looking at the Greenhouse Warming Hypothesis. On this and linked web pages, we are "kicking the tires", so to speak. Every new hypothesis needs its critics to keep things honest and that's what we are doing here. So spend a little time with me "kicking the tires" before buying or not buying the hypothesis. We start by looking at changes in the global mean temperature or global temperature anomalies as measured by surface thermometers and by satellites. As input data I used the approximately 3000 stations from the Climate Research Unit (CRU) in the UK. The Goddard Institute for Space Physics (GISS) uses a similar data set. GISS uses 1951-1980 as a base period to calculate temperature anomalies. CRU uses 1950-1979. We use the year 1965. GISS divides the globe into about 8000 regions. CRU divides the globe into 2592 regions. We divide the globe into 720 equal areas. GISS and I use air temperature measurements only. CRU also use sea surface temperatures. Despite these differences in methods, GISS, CRU, and our calculations give nearly the same results. This exercise confirms that our computer program is running properly. It is important to note that we duplicate the GISS and CRU trends only if no corrections for urban warming are made. GISS, CRU and our trends are virtually identical, but are all these results correct?

11. Hypothesis, A Sci-Fi Rock Opera A scifi rock opera.Category Arts Performing Arts Theatre Musicals H......Fill out a feedback form! http://www.hypothesis-rock-opera.com/

Fill out a feedback form! Fill out a feedback form!

12. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Assembled posts concerned with this issue. http://www.linguistlist.org/topics/sapir-whorf/

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Item # Date Time Recs Subject 2.572 Whorf and Warning 2.588 Responses: Whorf, Einstein, Change 2.594 Queries: Punjabi, Whorf, Text Analysis 2.603 Whorf and Plurals 2.610 Washing, Whorf and Whenever 2.632 Whorf 2.636 Whorf 2.657 Whorf 2.670 Whorf Part 1 2.671 Whorf Part 2 2.682 Whorf-Sapir Hypothesis 2.687 Goes, ASL, and Whorf 2.700 Whorf 3.063 Queries: Sapir, Toponymy, Exclusive "We", Non-visual Aids 3.98 Responses: Assistance for Blind, Sapir 3.279 FYI: Job, SAPIR, Page Printer 5.142 Calls: IAL, Language And Classroom, Whorf 5.1322 Sapir-Whorf 5.1449 Sapir-Whorf, Words for snow 5.1467 Qs: Sapir-Whorf, Nominalizations, Metaling, Lang/Anthropoidea 6.1112, Qs: Sapir-Whorf, Phrase identification, Yiddish 6.1149, Disc: Sapir-Whorf and what to tell students these days 7.181, Qs: Whorf, Urdu, Metaphors, Transcript 7.481, Qs: Ordinal numerals, Philippines, Sapir-Whorf, Thou and you 7.538, Sum: Reading after Whorf's "Language, Mind and Reality" 8.396, Calls: Informatics, Humboldt/Whorf, Lang acq 8.448, Calls: German ling, Humboldt and Whorf 8.1290, Qs: Learning, Syntax, Whorf

13. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis An assessment of linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity. With reference to the legacies Category Science Social Sciences Sapir-Whorf hypothesis......The SapirWhorf hypothesis. This version of determinism is widely acceptedtoday. Wilhelm von Humboldt The 'Weltanschauung' hypothesis. http://venus.va.com.au/suggestion/sapir.html

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 'He gave man speech, and speech created thought, Which is the measure of the universe' - Prometheus Unbound, Shelley The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis as we know it today can be broken down into two basic principles: linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity Linguistic Determinism: A Definition Linguistic Determinism refers to the idea that the language we use to some extent determines the way in which we view and think about the world around us. The concept has generally been divided into two separate groups - 'strong' determinism and 'weak' determinism. Strong determinism is the extreme version of the theory, stating that language actually determines thought, that language and thought are identical. Although this version of the theory would attract few followers today - since it has strong evidence against it, including the possibility of translation between languages - we will see that in the past this has not always been the case. Weak determinism, however, holds that thought is merely affected by or influenced by our language, whatever that language may be. This version of determinism is widely accepted today. Wilhelm von Humboldt: The 'Weltanschauung' Hypothesis.

14. The Vapor Canopy Hypothesis Holds No Water Dr James Lovelock Formulation of the Gaia hypothesis. Chapter 3 http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/canopy.html

The Vapor Canopy Hypothesis Holds No Water Paul Farrar Bill Hyde The Vapor Canopy Hypothesis Holds No Water By Paul Farrar In this short and, I hope, simple note I will discuss the physical implications of the often proposed "vapor canopy" explanation for the source of water for Noah's Flood as recorded in "Genesis". Noah's Flood is alleged to have covered the mountains of the earth to a depth of 15 cubits (about 8m). To have covered Mt. Everest it would have required a depth of water of about 9km above sea level. If the flood was only required to cover the mountains in Urartu (Ararat), where Noah's boat is said to have settled, about 5km of water would be needed. The "vapor canopy hypothesis" states that before the flood, the water existed in the atmosphere as water vapor. The flood occurred when this vapor condensed and fell as rain, flooding the earth. The flood subsided later, various explanations being given for where all that water went. First, let us look at atmospheric pressure. For the earth's atmosphere, the pressure is almost exactly hydrostatic, since it is held to the earth by gravity and velocities are too low to significantly change the pressure. In plain language this means that the air pressure at any point is equal to the weight of the air in a unit area column above that point. At sea level, air pressure in US engineering units is about 14.5 pounds/sq inch because a column of air one inch square extending to the top of the atmosphere weighs (Guess what!?) 14.5 pounds. On top of Mt. Everest, the pressure is lower because the lowest and densest 9km of the atmosphere is below that point.

15. Logtime: Logarithmic Time Perception With Aging Logtime is the psychochronometric hypothesis that our age is our basis for estimating long time intervals, resulting in a perceived logarithmic shrinkage of our years as we grow older. http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/jmkenney

Logtime: The Subjective Scale of Life The Logarithmic Time Perception Hypothesis by James Main Kenney Time scarcer? Years getting shorter? Want an explanation? Logtime is the cognitive hypothesis that our age is our basis for estimating time intervals, resulting in a perceived shrinking of our years as we grow older. A simple mathematical analysis shows that our time perception should be logarithmic, giving us a subjective scale of life very different from that of the calendar. Our perception of aging seems to follow the same (Weber-Fechner) law as our perception of physical stimuli. Ticking away the moments that make up a dull day You fritter and waste the hours in an offhand way. ...You are young and life is long and there is time to kill today And then one day you find ten years have got behind you. ...Every year is getting shorter; never seem to find the time... "Time" from The Dark Side of the Moon: Pink Floyd When you've grown up, my dears, and are as old as I, you'll often ponder on the years that roll so swiftly by

16. The Self-Medication Hypothesis A theory of the causation of addictions. This site explores both Khantzian's psychoanalytic model and Duncan's behavioral model of the hypothesis. http://self-med-hypothesis.tripod.com/

Get Four DVDs for $.49 each. Join now. Tell me when this page is updated The Self-Medication Hypothesis Review Khantzian's Model Duncan's Model Newsletter ... Links Welcome to our web site! The purpose of this web site is to provide basic information about the Self-Medication Hypothesis one of the most influential theories of the causation of drug abuse and addictions. The self-medication hypothesis proposes that addiction to alcohol and other drugs results from their use for relief from dysphoria resulting from an underlying disorder or condition such as stress. It was proposed in 1974 in separate publications by Edward J. Khantzian and David F. Duncan. This site is a member of WebRing. To browse visit here The Drug Abuse And Legalization SiteRing This ring owned by TinMan SiteRing by Bravenet.com Please get in touch to offer comments or to join our mailing list. Click here to contact us webmaster: E. D. Achalu ( eachalu@yahoo.co.uk The Psychoanalysis Ring is Managed by: The New York Psychotherapy Collective

17. Earth2 A Gaian Hypothesis - Karla Tonella Critical analysis of the series, with newspaper reviews, production credits, episode summaries, and Category Arts Television Science Fiction and Fantasy E Earth 2......This is a journey about second chances, an adventure clear across the galaxyto a new world a journey to Earth2. from MCA/Universal's http://bailiwick.lib.uiowa.edu/earth2/

18. Riemann Hypothesis -- From MathWorld Article with links to other resources from MathWorld.Category Science Math Number Theory Analytic Riemann hypothesis......Riemann hypothesis, André Weil proved the Riemann hypothesis to be truefor field functions (Weil 1948, Eichler 1966, Ball and Coxeter 1987). http://mathworld.wolfram.com/RiemannHypothesis.html

Calculus and Analysis Complex Analysis General Complex Analysis Calculus and Analysis ... Sondow Riemann Hypothesis First published in Riemann (1859), the Riemann hypothesis states that the nontrivial Riemann zeta function zeros all lie on the " critical line " , where denotes the real part of s . The Riemann hypothesis is also known as Artin's conjecture. The Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to the statement that all the zeros of the Dirichlet eta function (a.k.a. the alternating zeta function) falling in the critical strip lie on the critical line Wiener showed that the prime number theorem is literally equivalent to the assertion that the Riemann zeta function has no zeros on (Hardy 1999, pp. 34 and 58-60). In 1914, Hardy proved that an infinite number of values for s can be found for which and . However, it is not known if all nontrivial roots s satisfy roots must lie on the critical line (Le Lionnais 1983), a result which has since been sharpened to 40% (Vardi 1991, p. 142). It is known that the zeros are symmetrically placed about the line . This follows from the fact that, for all complex numbers

19. Observations On The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis: Draft Contents Draft exploration of the value of the hypothesis. Includes general overview as well as detailed consideration of how the hypothesis is employed in contemporary studies. http://homepages.which.net/~gk.sherman/gaaaaabe.htm

Human ecology Language Observations on the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis Draft Introduction Uses of the SWH Classifications of the SWH (Reworked below) Does the SWH have anything useful to say to science? Classification above, but relating more to the question? Links at this site... Links to other sites... Created 15/11/99 Last modified 4/2/00

20. Body Generalisations of the zeta function might provide a proof of Riemann's hypothesis. http://www.coolissues.com/mathematics/zeta.htm

Some Extended Zeta Functions Provide Easy Proofs of Riemann's Hypothesis James Constant math@coolissues.com While extended zeta functions support investigations of Riemann's hypothesis and estimates for the Prime Number Theorem, some zeta functions offer better prospects for providing easy proofs. Definitions A first zeta function is defined by oo z(s)= s=x+jy n=1 A second zeta function is defined by oo z(1-s)= s=x+jy n=1 In 1859, Riemann had the idea to define z(s) for all complex numbers s by analytic extension. This extension is important in number theory and plays a central role in the distribution of prime numbers. One way of extending is by using the first f function alternating series defined by oo f(s)= s=x+jy n=1 1 by means of the formula f(s)=(1-2 )z(s) A second f function is defined by oo f(1-s)= s=x+jy n=1 1 by means of the formula f(1-s)=(1-2 )z(1-s) Equations (1) through (6) are analytic. Riemann's Extended Zeta Function and Functional Equation Euler (1737) noted that the formula n, and the product to all positive primes p.

Page 1     1-20 of 162    1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | 7  | 8  | 9  | Next 20