21. Real Cities.com | 08/28/2002 | Overall SAT Scores Remain Constant; Math Up Sligh Overall SAT scores remain constant; math up slightly, verbal down http://www.grandforks.com/mld/grandforks/3947876.htm

Click here to visit other RealCities sites Help Contact Us Archives ... Newspaper Subscriptions Search Search the Archives GRAND FORKS HERALD NEWSPAPER ADS Classifieds Obituaries Grand Forks Herald ... Business Our Site Tools Weather Grand Forks Duluth Aberdeen Local Events Yellow Pages Discussion Boards Get all of your farm news as it happens at Agweek Online Agweek Online Back to Home Tuesday, Mar 18, 2003 Posted on Wed, Aug. 28, 2002 Overall SAT scores remain constant; math up slightly, verbal down By STEVE GIEGERICH Associated Press SAT scores for the high school class of 2002 were even with last year's graduates, as a two-point increase in math proficiency was offset by a two-point decrease on the language portion of the college entrance test. Figures released Tuesday by the College Board, the New York-based nonprofit which owns the SAT, reflect a cumulative score of 1,020 - identical to the average achieved by the class of 2001. Test-takers averaged 504 on the verbal segment of the test and 516 on the math section. Gaston Caperton, the College Board president, noted math scores have increased by 15 points over the past 10 years, and attributed the gain to a renewed emphasis on mathematics in the nation's high schools. The College Board said 45 percent of this year's high school seniors took precalculus, compared to 12 percent in 1992.

22. JPSP Developer Documentation Uses Of Class Physci.toolbox.math. Uses of Class physci.toolbox.math.constant. No usage of physci.toolbox.math.constantOverview, Package, Class, Use, Tree, Deprecated, Index, Help. PhySci © AMT 01'. http://www.physci.org/PhySci/docs/physci/toolbox/math/class-use/Constant.html

Overview Package Class Use Tree Deprecated Index Help ... PhySci PREV NEXT FRAMES NO FRAMES Uses of Class physci.toolbox.math.Constant No usage of physci.toolbox.math.Constant Overview Package Class Use Tree Deprecated Index Help ... PhySci PREV NEXT FRAMES NO FRAMES

23. Real Cities.com | 08/28/2002 | Overall SAT Scores Remain Constant; Math Up Sligh Overall SAT scores remain constant; math up slightly, verbal down http://www.myrtlebeachonline.com/mld/myrtlebeachonline/3947876.htm

Click here to visit other RealCities sites Help Contact Us Archives ... Newspaper Subscriptions Search Search the Archives THE SUN NEWS Front Page Money Sports Chanticleers ... Business Horizon section Our Site Tools Weather Myrtle Beach Columbia Charleston Local Events Yellow Pages Discussion Boards SPECIAL PROJECTS Can You Step? Growth Game Simple Serenity Before choosing a place to live do your homework! Review public, private and charter school performance before you decide. Search schools Back to Home Tuesday, Mar 18, 2003 Posted on Wed, Aug. 28, 2002 Overall SAT scores remain constant; math up slightly, verbal down By STEVE GIEGERICH Associated Press SAT scores for the high school class of 2002 were even with last year's graduates, as a two-point increase in math proficiency was offset by a two-point decrease on the language portion of the college entrance test. Figures released Tuesday by the College Board, the New York-based nonprofit which owns the SAT, reflect a cumulative score of 1,020 - identical to the average achieved by the class of 2001. Test-takers averaged 504 on the verbal segment of the test and 516 on the math section.

24. JPSP Developer Documentation Class Constant physci.toolbox.math Class constant. java.lang.Object +physci.toolbox.math.constantpublic class constant extends java.lang.Object. Field Summary. http://www.physci.org/PhySci/docs/physci/toolbox/math/Constant.html

Overview Package Class Use Tree Deprecated Index ... PhySci PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS FRAMES NO FRAMES FIELD ... METHOD DETAIL: FIELD CONSTR METHOD physci.toolbox.math Class Constant physci.toolbox.math.Constant public class Constant extends java.lang.Object Field Summary static float version The current version of this class. Constructor Summary Constant Method Summary static int constantToIndex (int power) Method to convert numbers from a power series (2 n ) to an integral form more suited to indices (n). Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object , clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, registerNatives, toString, wait, wait, wait Field Detail version public static final float version The current version of this class. Constructor Detail Constant public Constant Method Detail constantToIndex public static final int constantToIndex (int power) Method to convert numbers from a power series (2 n ) to an integral form more suited to indices (n). e.g. It will return -1 for unrecognised values, as well as any value over 64. Parameters: The - constant to convert Returns: The index form Overview Package Class Use Tree Deprecated Index ... PhySci PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS FRAMES NO FRAMES FIELD ... METHOD DETAIL: FIELD CONSTR METHOD

25. Mudd Math Fun Facts: Kaprekar's Constant Kaprekar's constant. Take bases. The math Behind the Fact Each number inthe sequence uniquely determines the next number in the sequence. http://www.math.hmc.edu/funfacts/ffiles/10002.5-8.shtml

hosted by the Harvey Mudd College Math Department Francis Su Any Easy Medium Advanced Search Tips List All Fun Facts Fun Facts Home About Math Fun Facts ... Other Fun Facts Features 887383 Fun Facts viewed since 20 July 1999. Francis Edward Su From the Fun Fact files, here is a Fun Fact at the Easy level: Kaprekar's Constant Take any four digit number (whose digits are not all identical), and do the following: Rearrange the string of digits to form the largest and smallest 4-digit numbers possible. Take these two numbers and subtract the smaller number from the larger. Use the number you obtain and repeat the above process. What happens if you repeat the above process over and over? Let's see... Suppose we choose the number 3141. The process eventually hits 6174 and then stays there! But the more amazing thing is this: every four digit number whose digits are not all the same will eventually hit 6174, in at most 7 steps, and then stay there! Presentation Suggestions: You might ask students to investigate what happens for strings of other lengths or in other bases. The Math Behind the Fact: Each number in the sequence uniquely determines the next number in the sequence. Since there are only finitely many possibilities, eventually the sequence must return to a number it hit before, leading to a cycle. So any starting number will give a sequence that eventually cycles. There can many cycles; however, for length 4 strings in base 10, there happens to be 1 non-trivial cycle, and it has length 1 (involving the number 6174).

26. Is The Speed Of Light Constant? updated 8August-1997 by Steve Carlip original by Philip Gibbs 1-July-1996. IsThe Speed of Light constant? Is the c, speed of light in vacuum, constant? http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/SpeedOfLight/speed_of_light.htm

[Physics FAQ] Updated 1997 by Steve Carlip. Original by Philip Gibbs 1996. Is The Speed of Light Constant? There are a number of senses to the meaning of this question and so there are a number of different answers. Firstly . . . Does the speed of light change in air or water? Yes. Light is slowed down in transparent media such as air, water and glass. The ratio by which it is slowed is called the refractive index of the medium and is always greater than one . This was discovered by Jean Foucault in 1850. When people talk about "the speed of light" in a general context they usually mean "the speed of light in a vacuum". This quantity is also referred to as c Is the c , speed of light in vacuum, constant? At the 1983 Conference Generale des Poids et Mesures the following SI (Systeme International) definition of the metre was adopted: The metre is the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second. This defines the speed of light in vacuum to be exactly 299,792,458 m/s. This provides a very short answer to the question "Is

27. Constants the cosmological constant. Most of these are masses, so clearly we need to understandhow particles get their mass! baez@math.ucr.edu © 2000 John Baez. home. http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/constants.html

How Many Fundamental Constants Are There? John Baez June 15, 2002 You might at first think that the speed of light, Planck's constant and Newton's gravitational constant are great examples of fundamental physical constants. But in fundamental physics, these constants are so important that lots of people use units where they all equal 1! The point is that can choose units of length, time and mass however we want. That's three independent choices, so with a little luck we can use them to get our favorite three constants to equal 1. Planck was the first to notice this, so these units are called "Planck units". Planck units are great for quantum gravity. They are not so convenient for other purposes, however. The Planck length, for example, is ridiculously small: about 2 x 10 meters. The Planck time looks even worse: about 5 x 10 seconds. The Planck mass is 2 x 10 kilograms. In ordinary life, and even in nuclear physics, Planck units can be a real nuisance. But in the grand scheme of things, units are not very important. They are arbitrary human conventions. As long as you stick with some choice or other you will do okay.

28. TeacherSource . Math . Linear Plant Growth . PBS Plant Growth (Grade Levels 36) constant or Linear Plant Growth ContinuouslyChanging Growth Surface Area of a Leaf Resources More math Concepts. http://www.pbs.org/teachersource/mathline/concepts/plants/activity1.shtm

March 18, 2003 Activity I: Constant or Linear Plant Growth (Grade Levels: 3-6) Concepts Home Constant or Linear Plant Growth Continuously Changing Growth Surface Area of a Leaf ... More Math Concepts Objectives: Complete a table of values. Graph the values given in a table. Standards Standard 1 Problem Solving Standard 2 Communication Standard 3 Reasoning Standard 4 Connections Standard 5 Number and Number Relationships Standard 8 Patterns and Functions Standard 9 Algebra Student Activity (PDF File) Answers (PDF File) Constant or Linear Growth 1. Let’s simulate an imaginary plant’s growth. Assume that this plant grows at a constant rate. The length of the stem increases by 11 millimeters each day. a.Make a table of the plant’s height over a 10-day period. b.Make a graph of the plant growth over time in days. c.Predict the plant’s growth over a 100 day period. 2. Consider another plant that has a height of 30 millimeters when it is first measured and suppose it grows continuously at a rate of 8 millimeters per day. a.Make a table of the plant’s height over a 10-day period.

29. Search.cpan.org: Tels / Math-BigInt-Constant-1.04 Tels mathBigInt-constant-1.04 math-BigInt-constant-1.04. This Release, math-BigInt-constant-1.04, mathBigIntconstant,Arbitrary sized constant integers, 1.04. http://search.cpan.org/author/TELS/Math-BigInt-Constant-1.04/

Home Authors Recent About ... Feedback in All Modules Distributions Authors Tels > Math-BigInt-Constant-1.04 Math-BigInt-Constant-1.04 This Release Math-BigInt-Constant-1.04 Download Browse 11 Feb 2002 Links CPAN Testers CPAN Request Tracker Special Files CHANGES INSTALL LICENSE MANIFEST ... README Modules Math::BigInt::Constant Arbitrary sized constant integers

30. Math Forum: Encouraging Mathematical Thinking: Constant Perimeter Project and compare values with those obtained in the constant area problem Contents Authors'Biographies Bridging Research And Practice The math Forum © 1994 http://mathforum.org/brap/wrap/constant_perimeter.html

Abstract Introduction Discourse Interventions ... About the Project VIDEO CLIPS: Internet access via modem may mean very long download times for video clips. If you are not on a fast line, you may want to read this paper without viewing the clips. share your thoughts, ideas, questions, and experiences; read what others have to say. Enter your e-mail to be notified of discussion on this videopaper: The 8.5" x 11" paper rectangle has an area of 93.5 in , but what about its perimeter? Consider the family of rectangles that have, not a constant area, but a constant perimeter, and answer these questions: Make at least 8 physical models of "baseless" cylinders from rectangles with perimeters of 39". You may cut the physical models from paper, draw two-dimensional versions (as in our drawing above), or choose some other method. For the rectangles with constant area, there were no limits on the height of the cylinder: in theory, the cylinders could become infinitely tall and infinitely narrow, or infinitely short and infinitely stout. Is this also true of the family of cylinders with fixed perimeter? Explain. Remember your observation about the cylinders with a constant area: as the cylinders get taller and narrower they hold less, and as they get shorter and stouter they hold more. Through the following exploration, decide whether this is true for constant perimeter as well. (You may need the formula

31. Math Forum - Ask Dr. Math a circle to its diameter changes and is not constant in nonEuclidean spaces. Whew!Long answer, but I hope it's helped. ) - Doctor Barrus, The math Forum http http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/55021.html

Associated Topics Dr. Math Home Search Dr. Math Is Pi a Constant in Non-Euclidean Geometry? Date: 06/26/98 at 12:41:39 From: Sean Harper Subject: Is pi a constant in non-Euclidean geometry? My friends and I were arguing about whether or not Pi is a constant. I said that it is, and my friends said pi can't be a constant because it is irrational and it could be 3.1 or 3.14 or whatever, depending on how many digits you use. They were almost at the point of agreeing with me when they stumbled across a Web site that says Pi is not a constant because if a circle is stretched across a curved surface, then pi will be smaller, and it will grow larger if the circle has a negative curvature. I countered that for everyday purposes and for pi as we know it we need to assume that the circle is on a flat surface. My question is, who is right? Perhaps all of us are right in different cases. In which cases am I right and in which cases am I wrong, and why? http://mathforum.org/dr.math/ Associated Topics High School Geometry High School Non-Euclidean Geometry Middle School Geometry Middle School Pi Search the Dr. Math Library:

32. Mathcad Library: Constants References for Euler's constant, g. RM Young, Euler's constant, math. DWSweeney, On the computation of Euler's constant, math. Comp. http://www.mathcad.com/library/Constants/eulerrefs.htm

Well-Known Constants Pythagoras' Golden mean Natural log Archimedes' ... Home by Steven Finch Mathsoft Engineering and Education, Inc. References for Euler's Constant, g R. M. Young, Euler's constant, Math. Gazette v. 75, n. 472 (1991) 187-190. R. P. Boas, Partial sums of infinite series, and how they grow, Amer. Math. Monthly MR 55 #13118 D. E. Knuth, Euler's constant to 1271 places, Math. Comp. MR 26 #5763 J. M. Borwein and P. B. Borwein, Pi and the AGM: A Study in Analytic Number Theory and Computational Complexity , Wiley, 1987; MR 99h:11147 D. W. Sweeney, On the computation of Euler's constant, Math. Comp. 17 (1963) 170-178; corrigenda 17 (1963) 488; MR 28 #3522 R. P. Brent, Computation of the regular continued fraction for Euler's constant, Math. Comp. MR 55 #9490 R. P. Brent and E. M. McMillan, Some new algorithms for high-precision computation of Euler's constant, Math. Comp. MR 82g:10002 D. W. DeTemple, A quicker convergence to Euler's constant, Amer. Math. Monthly MR 94e:11146 J. Nunemacher, On computing Euler's constant, Math. Mag.

33. [math/0301334] The Constant Of Interpolation mathematics, abstract math.CV/0301334. From Joaquim OrtegaCerda quim@mat.ub.es Date Tue, 28 Jan 2003 165832 GMT (7kb) The constant of interpolation. http://arxiv.org/abs/math.CV/0301334

Mathematics, abstract math.CV/0301334 The constant of interpolation Authors: Artur Nicolau Kristian Seip Subj-class: Complex Variables We prove that a suitably adjusted version of Peter Jones' formula for interpolation by bounded holomorphic functions gives a sharp upper bound for what is known as the constant of interpolation. We show how this leads to precise and computable numerical bounds for this constant. Full-text: PostScript PDF , or Other formats References and citations for this submission: CiteBase (autonomous citation navigation and analysis) Links to: arXiv math find abs

34. [math/0107228] Some Remarks On Finsler Manifolds With Constant Flag Curvature From Robert L. Bryant bryant@math.duke.edu Date Tue, 31 Jul 2001 154323GMT (35kb) Some remarks on Finsler manifolds with constant flag curvature. http://arxiv.org/abs/math.DG/0107228

Mathematics, abstract math.DG/0107228 Some remarks on Finsler manifolds with constant flag curvature Authors: Robert L. Bryant Comments: 32 pages, latex2e, amsart Subj-class: Differential Geometry MSC-class: This article is an exposition of four loosely related remarks on the geometry of Finsler manifolds with constant positive flag curvature. Full-text: PostScript PDF , or Other formats References and citations for this submission: CiteBase (autonomous citation navigation and analysis) Links to: arXiv math find abs

35. Euler-Mascheroni Constant -- From MathWorld Bailey, D. H. Numerical Results on the Transcendence of constants Involving , e,and Euler's constant. math. Comput. Young, R. M. Euler's constant. math. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Euler-MascheroniConstant.html

Foundations of Mathematics Mathematical Problems Unsolved Problems Number Theory ... Sondow Euler-Mascheroni Constant The Euler-Mascheroni constant, denoted (or sometimes C ), is defined by the series It has the numerical value (Sloane's ). It is implemented in Mathematica as EulerGamma The Euler-Mascheroni constant was denoted and calculated to 16 digits by Euler in 1781. It is therefore sometimes known as Euler's constant. No quadratically converging algorithm for computing is known (Bailey 1988). X. Gourdon and P. Demichel computed a record 108 million digits of in October 1999 (Gourdon and Sebah). It is not known if this constant is irrational , let alone transcendental (Wells 1986, p. 28). In fact, G. H. Hardy said he would give up his chair at Oxford to anyone who proved it to be irrational. Conway and Guy (1996) are "prepared to bet that it is transcendental," although they do not expect a proof to be achieved within their lifetimes. If is a simple fraction , then it is known that (Brent 1977; Wells 1986, p. 28). The continued fraction of the Euler-Mascheroni constant is [0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 4, 3, 13, 5, 1, 1, 8, 1, 2, 4, 1, 1, 40, ...] (Sloane's

36. Catalan's Constant -- From MathWorld Reading, MA AddisonWesley, p. 159, 1991. Yang, S. Some Properties of Catalan'sConstant G. Int. J. math. Educ. Sci. Technol. 23, 549-556, 1992. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/CatalansConstant.html

Number Theory Constants Miscellaneous Constants Math Contributors ... Sondow Catalan's Constant Portions of this entry contributed by Jonathan Sondow A constant which appears in estimates of combinatorial functions. It is usually denoted K G , or C and is defined as It is not known if K is irrational . Numerically, (Sloane's ). Catalan's constant is implemented in Mathematica as Catalan The continued fraction for K is [0, 1, 10, 1, 8, 1, 88, 4, 1, 1, ...] (Sloane's K can be given analytically by the following expressions where is the Dirichlet beta function is Legendre's chi-function A is the Glaisher-Kinkelin constant , and is the partial derivative of the Hurwitz zeta function with respect to the first argument. It is also given by the sums and the integrals where K k ) (not to be confused with Catalan's constant itself) is a complete elliptic integral of the first kind . Equations (7) and (8) follow from together with But so combining (15) with (6) gives (7) and (8). In terms of the polygamma function (Gosper, pers. comm., 1996). Applying convergence improvement to (6) gives where is the Riemann zeta function and the identity has been used (Flajolet and Vardi 1996). The Flajolet and Vardi algorithm also gives

37. World Builders: Math For The Solar Constant In The Biosphere E Viau CSULA Try to understand the basic idea, and don't use my math numbers on anyImportant Exams unless you have checked them out! The Solar constant. http://www.world-builders.org/lessons/less/biomes/SunEnergy_good.html

Home Science Notes Web Links Biomes ... Lessons Following the Energy Trail Let's see how the sun's energy flows in the Biosphere. Warning: I am making a lot of assumptions and doing a lot of rounding in the math here. My numbers may be off by several thousand percent, but I think the process is all right. Try to understand the basic idea, and don't use my math numbers on any Important Exams unless you have checked them out! Dr Viau says, "Gerald Nordley and Mark Wistey were kind enough to help with this, but I made the mistakes all by myself!" The Solar Constant How much of the sun's energy gets to the surface of the earth, and what does that mean to a lemming? The earth gets only 2 billionths of the sun's energy, but that is still a lot. However, you can see on the chart that life (through photosynthesis) uses only 023% of the energy that reaches the surface of the earth 34% of the sun's energy is reflected back into space by snow and clouds. This reflective quality of a planet is called its

38. Macromedia - Flash - ActionScript Dictionary : Math (object) All of the properties and methods of the math object are static, and mustbe called using the syntax math.method( argument ) or math.constant . http://www.macromedia.com/support/flash/action_scripts/objects/math_object.html

var previous = "end"; var next = "end"; Home Products Flash Support ... ActionScript dictionary Math (object) The Math object is a top-level object that you can access without using a constructor. Use the methods and properties of this object to access and manipulate mathematical constants and functions. All of the properties and methods of the Math object are static, and must be called using the syntax Math.method( argument or Math.constant . In ActionScript, constants are defined with the maximum precision of double-precision IEEE-754 floating-point numbers. The Math object is fully supported in the Flash 5 Player. In the Flash 4 Player, methods of the Math object work, but they are emulated using approximations and may not be as accurate as the non-emulated math functions supported by the Flash 5 Player. Several of the Math object methods take the radian of an angle as an argument. You can use the equation below to calculate radian values, or simply pass the equation (entering a value for degrees) for the radian argument. To calculate a radian value, use this formula:

39. Constant Field Values constant Field Values. Contents edu.uah.*. edu.uah.*. edu.uah.math.devices.BertrandFloor.public static final int, UNIFORM_ANGLE, 1. public http://www.math.uah.edu/psol/objects/constant-values.html

Overview Package Class Tree Deprecated Index Help ... Object Library PREV NEXT FRAMES NO FRAMES All Classes Constant Field Values Contents edu.uah.* edu.uah.* edu.uah.math.devices. BertrandFloor public static final int public static final int public static final int edu.uah.math.devices. Card public static final int ACE public static final int CLUBS public static final int DIAMONDS public static final int HEARTS public static final int JACK public static final int KING public static final int QUEEN public static final int SPADES edu.uah.math.devices. Coin public static final int HEADS public static final int TAILS edu.uah.math.devices. DataTable public static final int BOX public static final int DENSITY public static final int FREQ public static final int IMSD public static final int MAD public static final int MMM public static final int MSD public static final int NONE public static final int edu.uah.math.devices. DiceBoard public static final int FAIR public static final int public static final int public static final int public static final int LEFT public static final int RIGHT edu.uah.math.devices.

40. Www.cpan.org/authors/id/T/TE/TELS/Math-BigInt-Constant-1.04.readme This package allows you to store constant MathBigInts like this use MathBigIntconstant;my $x = MathBigIntconstant new(2); print $x\n ; okay http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/T/TE/TELS/Math-BigInt-Constant-1.04.readme

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