Geometry.Net - Health_Conditions: Leishmaniasis

Clinical Cases Of Leishmaniasis
Cinical cases of leishmaniasis. Rodent reservoirs of New World leishmaniasis 202Proechimys guyanensis L. mexicana amazonenesis 203 sloth - L. panamensis,
http://www.hhmi.ucla.edu/C168/Leishmaniasis.html

Extractions: Cinical cases of leishmaniasis Most are taken from Peters and Gilles (1977) Color Atlas of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Year Book Medical Pub., Inc. Chicago. A few (13.12, 13.4, 13.5, "upper palate involvement") are from Cox (1996), The Wellcome Trust Illustrated History of Tropical Diseases, London. Vector of leishmania
Leishmania
meal. leishmaniasis. There Africa. Dermal leishmaniasis, also known astropical sore, is transmitted by the sandfly genus Phlebotomus. The
http://martin.parasitology.mcgill.ca/jimspage/biol/leish.htm

Extractions: This is a devastating disease with a wide distribution in tropical and sub-tropical areas. It obtained public notoriety during the Desert Storm campaign as many soldiers became infected with the parasite after being bitten by the sandfly vector. Taxonomy The taxonomy of this genus is complex and often confusing. In general species differentiation is not based on the morphology of the organism but on the pathology and symptoms of the disease, site of infection, vector species and reservoir hosts. In addition biochemical and serological factors are also used for characterization of the species complex. There are five principal species complexes, 3 old world and 2 new world. There are two forms of the parasite, the intracellular amastigote form found in the vertebrate host, and the promastigote form predominately found in the insect vector. Amastigotes: are spherical in shape, only about 2.5 to 5 µm in diameter, and are contained within a parasitophagus vacuole within a macrophage. There is a prominent nucleus and kinetoplast, and the cytoplasm is vacuolated and contains lysosomes. The outer membrane has a polysaccharide component but there is no surface coat. Promastigote: The promastigote is a similar in structure, apart from the prominent flagella. The surface membrane has binding site molecules such as glycoproteins, and manose receptors have also been detected. These are important in the uptake of the promastigotes by the macrophages. Antibodies in the host serum bind to the promastigotes and facilitate uptake and entry into the macrophage. The macrophages having Fc receptors on there surface.
THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LEISHMANIASIS / Second National Conference
cases. The overall prevalence of leishmaniasis is 12 million casesand an estimated population at risk is about 350 million. However
http://www.labcon2.com/symposium.htm

Extractions: Kala -azar is a parasitic disease caused by a flagellated haemoparasite known as Leishmania donovani. The infection is primarily transmitted from infected person to uninfected through the bites of a tiny insect, sand fly. Occasional reports through unscreened blood transfusion and translucently transmission are also on record. The disease is endemic in north eastern parts of India, alongside Ganges river, mainly in the states of West Bengal, Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh. It causes loss of thousands of lives and prolonged morbidity with severe economic consequences. It is basically a disease of poor. Kala-azar is characterized by irregular fever, malaise, loss of weight,splenomegaly, sometimes hepatomegaly, anemia with or without lymphadenopathy. If untreated, the mortality is nearly 100%. A peculiar feature of Indian kala-azar is that the skin of patient gets darkened from which its name was derived as kala (blackening) -azar (fever). A common estimate of the world-wide annual incidence is 600,000 newly reported clinical cases.
3R Research Foundation Switzerland / Publications / Leishmaniasis: Development O
leishmaniasis Development of an in vitro assay for drug screening. leishmaniasisis a major parasitic disease in many tropical and subtropical countries*.
http://www.forschung3r.ch/en/publications/bu12.html

Extractions: 3R-Info-Bulletins Environmental enrichment does not affect the variability of animal experimentation data in the Light/Dark test. Identification of new human skin irritation markers for tests with human skin reconstructs Animal-free screening of biological materials for their contamination by rodent viruses ... Identification of neurotoxic chemicals in cell cultures Leishmaniasis: Development of an in vitro assay for drug screening Immunization of laboratory animals Ten years Foundation Research 3R Permanent fish cell cultures as novel tools in environmental toxicology Regulation of digestion in cell culture ... Editor Peter Maier, Scientific Adviser of the 3R Research Foundation Leishmaniasis: Development of an in vitro assay for drug screening This project, supported by the 3R Research Foundation Switzerland, makes it possible to culture the clinically relevant, intracellular stage of Leishmania, the amastigote stage, in a medium without fetal calf serum and without host cells. This allows a new in vitro drug screening assay for leishmanidicidal drugs to be established and detailed studies on the mode of action of antileishmanial drugs to be performed without the use of host animals.
1Up Health > Leishmaniasis > Causes, Incidence, And Risk Factors Of Leishmaniasi
Comprehesive information on leishmaniasis (Kalaazar). 1Up Health Diseases Conditions leishmaniasis Causes, Incidence, and Risk Factors.
http://www.1uphealth.com/health/leishmaniasis_info.html

Extractions: 1Up Health Leishmaniasis Alternative Medicine Clinical Trials ... Health Topics A-Z Search 1Up Health Leishmaniasis Information Leishmaniasis Causes, Incidence, and Risk Factors Alternative names : Kala-azar Definition : Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease spread by the bite of the sandfly. Leishmania are tiny protozoa. Their parasitic life cycle includes the sandfly and an appropriate host. Humans are one of those hosts. Leishmania infection can cause skin disease (called cutaneous leishmaniasis). It can affect the mucous membranes with a wide range of appearance, most frequently ulcers . It may cause skin lesions that resemble those of other diseases including cutaneous tuberculosis syphilis leprosy , skin cancer basal cell carcinoma ), and fungus infections. Leishmania can also cause systemic disease (visceral leishmaniasis) with fatal complications. When introduced into the body by the bite of a sandfly, the parasite migrates to the bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. Systemic infection in children usually begins suddenly with vomiting diarrhea fever , and cough . In adults, fever for 2 weeks to 2 months is accompanied by nonspecific symptoms, such as
Trypanosomiasis & Leishmaniasis
Notes
http://www.rubic.rdg.ac.uk/~andrew/bioinf.org/talks/Oxford2000/img13.htm
Leishmaniasis
Nomad Travel to put your mind at rest View the contents of your shoppingtrolley Go to the checkout and buy your items. leishmaniasis.
http://www.nomadtravel.co.uk/html/hi4_leishmaniasis.cfm

Extractions: Leishmaniasis Prevention Methods Sleep under a treated mosquito net (they will enter an untreated one) Sandflies find it hard to jump up high so sleeping high up such as on the roof of a building is a good deterrent Use repellents when leaving the safety of your net Avoid moving around outside at dusk and dawn
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis
Canine Visceral leishmaniasis (Last Updated 26Sep-2001 ). that cause visceral leishmaniasisin dogs, cats, and humans are listed in Table 1. view enlargement.
http://www.ivis.org/advances/Infect_Dis_Carmichael/baneth/chapter_frm.asp

Extractions: Visceral leishmaniasis is an infectious disease transmitted by sandflies, and caused by various species of Leishmania parasites. Distinct species occur in parts of the Old World and New World, and can infect people, domestic and wild animals. These parasites cause a wide spectrum of diseases in people, and it is estimated that the annual occurrence of human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) cases worldwide is 500,000 [ ]. Infection with Leishmania is also a frequent cause of clinical disease in the dog, especially in tropical, sub-tropical and temperate areas, and is less common in cats. According to the human clinical criteria, canine leishmaniasis is classified as visceral [ ], although the term "generalized canine leishmaniasis" might be more appropriate because it involves visceral and cutaneous tissues.
Visceral Leishmaniasis
Visceral leishmaniasis. (1). Epidemiology. The World Health Organization estimatesthat there are 500,000 new cases of visceral leishmaniasis occurring annually.
http://www.istm.org/news_share/200107/vl.html

Extractions: Travel Medicine NewsShare - July/August 2001 John D. Cahill, MD In 1900, Major William Leishman performed a postmortem on an English soldier returning from Bengal who had died of "fever." He described finding enormous numbers of oval bodies 2 to 3 microns in diameter in the splenic smears of this patient. In 1903, Captain James Donovan in Madras, described similar findings in the splenic smears taken from the enlarged spleens of Indian patients who had died, presumably from malaria. It was Ronald Ross who named the new protozoa the Leishman Donovan body. (1) The World Health Organization estimates that there are 500,000 new cases of visceral leishmaniasis occurring annually. This number is probably grossly underreported, secondary to poor surveillance systems. Ninety percent of cases are found in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Sudan, and Brazil. There are 3 distinct species: L. infantum - found in the Mediterranean basin, Central Asia and China, L. donovani
Leishmaniasis In The Italian Spinone
http://www.spinone.com/Health/Leishmaniasis/LM_frame.htm
A SEROEPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF CANINE VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS IN ISRAEL
Vol. 56 (2) 2001. A SEROEPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF CANINE VISCERAL leishmaniasisIN ISRAEL. B. Sandler1, D. Strauss1, S. Harrus1, R. King
http://www.isrvma.org/article/56_2_11.htm

Extractions: Vol. 56 (2) 2001 A SEROEPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF CANINE VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS IN ISRAEL B. Sandler , D. Strauss , S. Harrus , R. King , C.L. Jaffe , B. Yakobson and G. Baneth 1. School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University. 2. Nature Reserve Authorities. 3. Hadassah School of Medicine, Hebrew University 4. Kimron Veterinary Institute Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum has been reported recently in central Israel and in the Galilee region of northern Israel. A seroepidemilogical study to examine the prevalence of VL among domestic and wild canids in Israel was carried out during 1999-2000 to assess the spread of the disease and the possible association between infection in dogs, wild canids and people. Anti-leishmanial antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum samples (n=790) were collected from domestic dogs in municipal pounds, society for prevention of cruelty to animals (SPCA) kennels, military camps, and veterinary hospitals. Surveys were also performed among dog populations in three villages that are known foci of VL (n=146). Wild canid sera were supplied by the Natural Reserves Authorities and included samples from jackals (
Leishmaniasis
.leishmaniasis. Definition. leishmaniasis refers to several different illnesses causedby infection with an organism called a protozoan.
http://www.chclibrary.org/micromed/00054630.html

Extractions: Protozoa are considered to be the most simple organisms in the animal kingdom. They are all single-celled. The types of protozoa which cause leishmaniasis are carried by the blood-sucking sandfly. The sandfly is referred to as the disease vector, simply meaning that the infectious agent (the protozoan) is carried by the sandfly and passed on to other animals or humans in whom the protozoan will set up residence and cause disease. The animal or human in which the protozoan then resides is referred to as the host. Once the protozoan is within the human host, the human's immune system is activated to try to combat the invader. Specialized immune cells called macrophages work to swallow up the protozoa. Usually, this technique kills a foreign invader, but these protozoa can survive and flourish within macrophages. The protozoa multiply within the macrophages, ultimately causing the macrophage to burst open. The protozoa are released, and take up residence within other neighboring cells. At this point, the course of the disease caused by the protozoa is dependent on the specific type of protozoa, and on the type of reaction the protozoa elicits from the immune system. There are several types of protozoa which cause leishmaniasis, and they cause different patterns of disease progression.
Infectious Disease Research Institue
Research and Development Programs leishmaniasis. One of the most devastatingforms of leishmaniasis is a disfiguring infection of the nose and mouth.
http://idri.org/page.php?pg_page_id=14
Hunters Hounded As Leishmaniasis Is Diagnosed In Foxhounds - June 15, 2000
Hunters hounded as leishmaniasis is diagnosed in Foxhounds. DEAN J. MONTI. Theyhave become the prey of leishmaniasis, a disease that can be deadly to dogs.
http://www.avma.org/onlnews/javma/jun00/s061500a.asp

Extractions: AVMA Home AVMA Journals Home JAVMA online ... News DEAN J. MONTI Foxhounds, with a long tradition as hunting dogs, have recently become the hounded ones. They have become the prey of leishmaniasis, a disease that can be deadly to dogs. The Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, national Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, has been assisting state and local health and agricultural officials in the investigation of an outbreak in New York and Virginia. The protozoan has infected at least three Foxhound packs in the past 10 years. Scientists from the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research have assisted in field and laboratory investigations. A small animal medicine resident, a clinical pathologist, and two fourth-year veterinary students from North Carolina State University made the initial diagnosis in February, from a Foxhound in a hunt club in Dutchess County, New York. As the JAVMA went to press, 39 (41.9 percent) of 93 dogs at the hunt club had a positive serologic test result for leishmaniasis, and aspiration or biopsy of lymph nodes and other tissue has resulted in the isolation of
Leishmaniasis | Ahealthyme.com
You are here Home Health A to Z leishmaniasis. leishmaniasis.leishmaniasis CarsonDewitt, Rosalyn S.
http://www.ahealthyme.com/topic/topic100587075

Extractions: Protozoa are considered to be the most simple organisms in the animal kingdom. They are all single-celled. The types of protozoa which cause leishmaniasis are carried by the blood-sucking sandfly. The sandfly is referred to as the disease vector, simply meaning that the infectious agent (the protozoan) is carried by the sandfly and passed on to other animals or humans in whom the protozoan will set up residence and cause disease. The animal or human in which the protozoan then resides is referred to as the host. Once the protozoan is within the human host, the human's immune system is activated to try to combat the invader. Specialized immune cells called macrophages work to swallow up the protozoa. Usually, this technique kills a foreign invader, but these protozoa can survive and flourish within macrophages. The protozoa multiply within the macrophages, ultimately causing the macrophage to burst open. The protozoa are released, and take up residence within other neighboring cells. At this point, the course of the disease caused by the protozoa is dependent on the specific type of protozoa, and on the type of reaction the protozoa elicits from the immune system. There are several types of protozoa which cause leishmaniasis, and they cause different patterns of disease progression.
ScienceDaily News Release: Canine Leishmaniasis Cases Are Confirmed In 21 States
College of Veterinary Medicine and the National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) have confirmed cases of visceral canine leishmaniasis a rare
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2000/09/000904123529.htm

Extractions: Previous Story ... Related Stories Next Story Source: North Carolina State University Date: Aug. 25, 2000 Results of DNA and blood tests obtained by scientists at North Carolina State University's College of Veterinary Medicine and the National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have confirmed cases of visceral canine leishmaniasis a rare, often fatal tropical disease that can be transmitted to humans and other animals in 21 U.S. states and southern Canada. The test results suggest leishmaniasis is substantially more widespread in North American canine populations than originally thought. "We have a very serious disease that leads to chronic debilitation and kidney failure in dogs, and can lead to their death. Unfortunately the disease is extremely hard to diagnose," says Dr. Edward Breitschwerdt, professor of small animal internal medicine at NC State, who helped lead the research effort to facilitate more widespread testing for leishmaniasis after diagnosing the disease at a New York hunt club last spring.
Vol.35 No.4--LEISHMANIASIS: ESTUDIO EPIDEMIOLOGICO PRELIMINAR EN UNA LOCALIDAD D
Translate this page SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO JULIO-AGOSTO DE 1993, VOL.35, No.4 TITULO leishmaniasisESTUDIO EPIDEMIOLOGICO PRELIMINAR EN UNA LOCALIDAD DE LA ZONA ENDEMICA DEL
http://www.insp.mx/salud/35/354-3s.html
Florida State University College Of Medicine Digital Library
leishmaniasis Clinical Resources. Miscellaneous leishmaniasis Clinical ResourcesHealth Reviews for Primary Care Providers on the Internet Homepage
http://fsumed-dl.slis.ua.edu/clinical/infectious/byorganism/parasitic/leishmania

Extractions: Clinical Resources by Topic: Infectious Diseases Leishmaniasis Clinical Resources Emergency Atlases Pediatrics Pathology ... Miscellaneous Resources See also: Chapter 211: Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections: Table of contents Chapter 212: Therapy for Parasitic Infections: Table of contents Chapter 215: Leishmaniasis: Table of contents Visceral Leishmaniasis: Access document Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Access document Introduction: Access document Clinical Manifestations:
Health Ency.: Disease: Leishmaniasis
leishmaniasis See images. Alternative names Kalaazar. Definition leishmaniasisis a parasitic disease spread by the bite of the sandfly. Causes and Risks.
http://www.accessatlanta.com/shared/health/adam/ency/article/001386.html

Extractions: Important notice Ency. home Disease L Leishmaniasis See images Overview Symptoms Treatment ... Prevention Alternative names: Kala-azar Definition: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease spread by the bite of the sandfly. Causes and Risks Leishmania are tiny protozoa. Their parasitic life cycle includes the sandfly and an appropriate host. Humans are one of those hosts. Leishmania infection can cause skin disease (called cutaneous leishmaniasis). It can affect the mucous membranes with a wide range of appearance, most frequently ulcers . It may cause skin lesions that resemble those of other diseases including cutaneous tuberculosis syphilis leprosy , skin cancer basal cell carcinoma ), and fungus infections. Leishmania can also cause systemic disease (visceral leishmaniasis) with fatal complications. When introduced into the body by the bite of a sandfly, the parasite migrates to the bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. Systemic infection in children usually begins suddenly with vomiting diarrhea fever , and cough . In adults, fever for 2 weeks to 2 months is accompanied by nonspecific symptoms such as
Leishmaniasis
MAIN SEARCH INDEX leishmaniasis. Definition. leishmaniasis refers to several differentillnesses caused by infection with an organism called a protozoan.
http://www.hendrickhealth.org/healthy/000818.htm

Extractions: Resources Leishmaniasis refers to several different illnesses caused by infection with an organism called a protozoan. Protozoa are considered to be the most simple organisms in the animal kingdom. They are all single-celled. The types of protozoa which cause leishmaniasis are carried by the blood-sucking sandfly. The sandfly is referred to as the disease vector, simply meaning that the infectious agent (the protozoan) is carried by the sandfly and passed on to other animals or humans in whom the protozoan will set up residence and cause disease. The animal or human in which the protozoan then resides is referred to as the host. Once the protozoan is within the human host, the human's immune system is activated to try to combat the invader. Specialized immune cells called macrophages work to swallow up the protozoa. Usually, this technique kills a foreign invader, but these protozoa can survive and flourish within macrophages. The protozoa multiply within the macrophages, ultimately causing the macrophage to burst open. The protozoa are released, and take up residence within other neighboring cells. At this point, the course of the disease caused by the protozoa is dependent on the specific type of protozoa, and on the type of reaction the protozoa elicits from the immune system. There are several types of protozoa which cause leishmaniasis, and they cause different patterns of disease progression.

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