Geometry.Net - Health_Conditions: Vesicoureteral Reflux

Expert Advice -- Vesicoureteral Reflux
vesicoureteral reflux My three year old is experiencing urinary tract infectionsand the doctor believes it could be vesicoureteral reflux.
http://www.parentsoup.com/experts/ped/qas/0,,416662_417200,00.html

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Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)
vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) In most cases, vesicoureteral reflux is acongenital condition that effects the two valves in the bladder.
http://www.uroplasty.com/VURP.asp

Extractions: -Choose A Destination- Uroplasty Mailing List Home Page About Uroplasty PATIENTS Urinary Incontinence Male Urinary Incontinence Female Vesicoureteral Reflux Vocal Cord Paralysis Fecal Incontinence SURGEONS Urinary Incontinence Male Urinary Incontinence Female Vesicoureteral Reflux Vocal Cord Rehabilitation Fecal Incontinence [NL] HOME PRODUCTS EVENTS NEWS RELEASES ... CONTACT US Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) In most cases, Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)is a congenital condition that effects the two valves in the bladder. In a healthy bladder, the valves allow urine to enter the bladder from the kidneys. The urine remains in the bladder until the voiding. However with a VUR sufferer, the valves in the bladder do not function properly and urine can flow back into the ureters reaching, in some cases the kidneys. In a minority of cases, VUR can follow bladder operations or neurological diseases. 90% of VUR cases occur during childhood.
Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)
vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Macroplastique Implantation can be an alternativeto longterm antibiotic therapy or invasive reimplantation therapy.
http://www.uroplasty.com/VURS.asp

Extractions: -Choose A Destination- Uroplasty Mailing List Home Page About Uroplasty PATIENTS Urinary Incontinence Male Urinary Incontinence Female Vesicoureteral Reflux Vocal Cord Paralysis Fecal Incontinence SURGEONS Urinary Incontinence Male Urinary Incontinence Female Vesicoureteral Reflux Vocal Cord Rehabilitation Fecal Incontinence [NL] HOME PRODUCTS EVENTS NEWS RELEASES ... CONTACT US Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) Macroplastique Implantation can be an alternative to long-term antibiotic therapy or invasive reimplantation therapy. Endoscopic injection therapy (Subureteric Macroplastique implantation) offers a very effective and minimally invasive treatment option for VUR.
Urologyweb Vesicoureteral Reflux (Reflux)
Reflux is the abnormal passage of urine back up the ureter and may occur onone or both sides. THERAPEUTIC GOALS IN MANAGEMENT OF REFLUX Detection.
http://www.urologyweb.com/Production/Urology_Primer/Pediatric/Vesicoureteral ref

Extractions: majorHeading("Vesicoureteral Reflux (Reflux)"); Reflux is the abnormal passage of urine back up the ureter and may occur on one or both sides. It is managed by the pediatric urologist primarily. Reflux may be primary or secondary and its importance lies in the fact that when it is associated with a urinary tract infection (UTI) there is potential for pyelonephritis and renal scarring. The scarring may lead to hypertension, proteinuria and possible renal failure (reflux nephropathy). Sterile reflux usually does not cause kidney damage, but high-grade sterile reflux may contribute. Reflux probably occurs in 1% of the pediatric population. A symptomatic UTI will occur in about 3% of females and 1% of male children by 11 years of age. Radiologic studies of symptomatic or asymptomatic UTIs reveal reflux in 30% to 50% of children and in 40% to 60% of neonates with a UTI. 30% to 50% of children with reflux will have renal scarring on studies, and the scarring is more likely to occur in infants before the age of 2 years. 32% of siblings have reflux, though the majority are asymptomatic.
LU:research - Lund University Institutional Archive
Title Longterm outcome of vesicoureteral reflux and reflux nephropathy in adults- clinical and radiological aspects. Authors Köhler, Jan. Year 2001.
http://eprints.lub.lu.se/archive/00009472/
Radionuclide Cystography In Vesiculoureteral Reflux Discussion
Radionuclide Cystography/vesicoureteral reflux. UTI, however, can be associatedwith such a problem most commonly vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).
http://www.auntminnie.com/ScottWilliamsMD2/nucmed/Genitourinary/Reflux/Reflux im

Extractions: The clinical manifestations of urinary tract infection in the pediatric patient population are frequently nonspecific. Children may present with fever, irritability, poor feeding, failure to thrive, or diarrhea. Older children are usually able to report the more typical complaints of urgency, frequency, and dysuria. The majority of children with a UTI have no anatomic or functional abnormality in their urinary system. UTI, however, can be associated with such a problem- most commonly vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). The majority of pediatric patients who develop renal scars after a urinary tract infection have VUR, and higher grades of reflux are associated with an increase in parenchymal scarring [5]. Because of this, all children with a well documented UTI should have further evaluation of their urinary tract. Although vesicoureteral reflux is found in less than 1% of the general population, it is seen in about 35% of children with urinary tract infections. Vesicoureteral reflux is caused by a failure of competency of the valvular function of the normal ureterovesical junction. The normal ureter passes obliquely through the bladder wall and submucosa to its opening at the trigone. The length of the intramural tunnel, especially its submucosal component, with respect to the diameter of the ureter plays a primary role in the competence of the vesicoureteral junction. As the bladder fills with urine, the junction closes by compression like a flap-valve, thus preventing reflux. If the intramural length of the ureter is too short in comparison to its diameter, the valve will not close completely.
Vesicoureteral Reflux
vesicoureteral reflux. vesicoureteral reflux indicates that when your childurinates, some of the urine flows backwards towards the kidney.
http://rwjsurgery.umdnj.edu/urology/pediatric/vesico.html

Extractions: Vesicoureteral reflux indicates that when your child urinates, some of the urine flows backwards towards the kidney. This can lead to infections and sometimes will result in loss of kidney function. Reflux can only be diagnosed by a Voiding Cytsto Urethro Gram or a VCUG. This test requires that a small catheter be inserted into the child's urethra and that the child void while the radiologist takes a picture. If urine is seen flowing back to the kidney during voiding, reflux is diagnosed. Currently, it is recommended that children have a VCUG if they have had urinary tract infection. Older children may not need a VCUG if their kidney's are fully matured. There are 5 different grades of reflux. Grade 1 is the mildest form and Grade 5 is the most severe form of reflux. Sometimes a child will "outgrow" reflux, but this depends upon the grade of reflux and if it on one or both sides. After reviewing the VCUG, the chance of outgrowing reflux can be estimated. Once reflux is detected, children are placed on "prophylatic" antibiotics to see if they "outgrow" the reflux. These antibiotics can be given for years, because they are given in very low doses. They do not cause resistance or decreased immunity. If the reflux persists after several years of antibiotics, causes infections, or is high grade, surgery may be recommended. Grades of Reflux These are the five different grades of reflux that can be diagnosed during a VCUG study. the grade is based on the appearance of the kidney and ureter during the VCUG.
Vesicoureteral Reflux - New Treatments, February 5, 2003
vesicoureteral reflux. vesicoureteral reflux is defined as the retrogradeflow of urine from the bladder into the ureter and collecting system.
http://www.medical-library.org/journals2a/vesicoureteral_reflux.htm

Extractions: This page has moved. Click here to view. Vesicoureteral Reflux Vesicoureteral reflux is defined as the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the ureter and collecting system. Children who have a urinary tract infection (UTI) have a 45% incidence of vesicoureteral reflux. The incidence increases with decreasing age, and 65% of patients are females. However, in a male who has a UTI, the risk of reflux is Pathophysiology Vesicoureteral reflux may cause renal parenchymal injury, including segmental scarring, global renal atrophy, and Pregnancy may exacerbate already compromised renal function caused by reflux nephropathy. Diagnosis Radiologic evaluation should be undertaken when a urinary tract infection occurs in one of the following patients: UTI in a male UTI in an infant (under two years of age) Pyelonephritis in a female Recurrent UTI in a female Radiologic evaluation of the child with a urinary tract infection consists of a renal ultrasound and a voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). If the child is not toxic, the VCUG and renal ultrasound should be done three weeks after initiation of antibiotics for UTI. However, if the child is toxic or hospitalized, the ultrasound should be done promptly in order to exclude the presence of an obstructive uropathy, which requires prompt urological intervention., Grading Grade I reflux is defined as retrograde urine flow into a non-dilated ureter.
Vesicoureteral Reflux -- ECureMe.com
vesicoureteral reflux. Reflux into the ureter. vesicoureteral reflux wouldrefer to sites ( 2 ), ( 3 ), or any obstruction within the bladder.
http://www.ecureme.com/emyhealth/Pediatrics/Vesicoureteral_Reflux.asp

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Vesicoureteral Reflux : Meddie Health Search
A description of vesicoureteral reflux along with information such as how to tellif your child has this, what it does, if surgery is necessary and the types.
http://www.meddie.com/search/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Urological_Disorders
Nature Publishing Group
Article. vesicoureteral reflux in the early stage of spinal cord injury a retrospectivestudy. Group 1 included 13 patients with vesicoureteral reflux.
http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/sc/journal/v39/n1/abs/3101091a.
Nature Publishing Group
vesicoureteral reflux and bladder management in spinal cord injury patients. S Vaidyanathan1 , G Singh 1 , BM Soni 1 , PL Hughes 2 , KF Parsons 3 and P Sett 1.
http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/sc/journal/v40/n3/full/3101266a
Continuity Clinic Notebook: UTIs And Vesicoureteral Reflux
A. Evaluation by system 1. General. 2. HEENT. 3. Cardiopulmonary. 4. GI. 5.GU. UTIs and vesicoureteral reflux. Catherine deVries MD, Pediatric Urologist.
http://www.mcg.edu/PedsOnL/CCNotebook/chapter2/urinary.htm

Extractions: Medical College of Georgia Department of Pediatrics A-Z Index MCG Home Continuity Clinic Notebook: Chapter II. The Evaluation of the Sick Child Chapter 2 Index A. Evaluation by system: 1. General 2. HEENT 3. Cardiopulmonary 4. GI 5. GU Catherine deVries MD, Pediatric Urologist I. UTI: Neonate: males more than females: only age group in which true. Circumcision: reduces incidence of UTIs (uncirc: 11.2/1000 vs cic: 1.1/1000) Pyelonephritis vs Cystitis: Age group affected: if under 2 years of age much higher incidence of pyelo with 1st infection Renal Scarring: best way to test: DMSA scan; ultrasound shows only 50% - the more episodes of pyelonephritis, the more likely get scarring. II. Work-up: Still controversial; all males with documented UTIs, all females under age two with first UTI, anyone with pyelonephritis. Uncertain about the 3-5 year old girl with signs and symptoms of cystitis. Tests ordered in addition to urine culture: Ultrasound and VCUG; DMSA if pyelonephritis is suspected. I II. Reflux:
Advanced Search
The following is a Clinical Brief from the October 1, 1997 edition of AmericanFamily Physician. Guidelines on Pediatric vesicoureteral reflux.
http://www.aafp.org/afp/971001ap/briefs3.html

Extractions: Advanced Search Articles Departments Patient Information Editorials ... Special Medical Reports The following is a " Clinical Brief " from the October 1, 1997 edition of American Family Physician Guidelines on Pediatric Vesicoureteral Reflux Guidelines for the management of pediatric vesicoureteral reflux have been released by the American Urological Association (AUA). The guidelines were developed by a panel of experts convened by the AUA, who reviewed all available peer-reviewed literature on the subject published from January 1965 to December 1994. The literature was reviewed for specific outcomes, such as reflux resolution, renal scarring, urinary tract infection and adverse drug reactions. Jack S. Elder, M.D., Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, chaired the panel. The AUA describes vesicoureteral reflux as a pediatric medical disorder in which urine backs up into the kidney from the bladder. It is usually caused by a congenital defect in the attachment between the ureter and the bladder, and it predisposes the child to kidney infections. The incidence is 1 percent. Three primary treatment options were cited by the panel: medical treatment, surgical treatment, and surveillance or observation. The panel recommends low-dose antibiotic therapy as the initial treatment of choice in most children. Low-dose antibiotic therapy was favored by the expert panel because it is associated with fewer risks than surgery. If the condition fails to resolve with antibiotic therapy, the panel recommends considering surgery instead of continuing the antibiotic therapy.
Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)
Genitourinary and Kidney Disorders vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) from Advocate'sHealth Information Reference Library. vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).
http://www.advocatehealth.com/system/info/library/reference/peds/urology/vur.htm

Extractions: About Us Health Info Programs and Services Jobs and Education ... Genitourinary and Kidney Disorders Vesicoureteral reflux occurs when urine that dwells in the bladder flows back into the ureters and often back into the kidneys. The bladder is the hollow, muscular organ that stores urine before urination occurs. The bladder has three small openings: two connect the ureters where urine is drained down from the kidneys, and one connects the bladder to the urethra where urine exits the body. The ureters are funnel-shaped tubes that carry urine from the kidneys. Ureters enter the bladder at a diagonal angle and have a special one-way valve system that normally prevents urine from flowing back up the ureters in the direction of the kidneys. When a child has vesicoureteral reflux, the mechanism that prevents the back-flow of urine does not work, allowing urine to flow in both directions. A child who has vesicoureteral reflux is at risk for developing recurrent kidney infections, which, over time, can cause damage and scarring to the kidneys. What causes vesicoureteral reflux?
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Usually present at birth, vesicoureteral reflux, called VUR or reflux, is an abnormalityof the urinary tract that causes urine to flow backwards from the
http://www.pvurology.com/images/uploaded/pioneer/vr.cfm

Extractions: Basic Facts Usually present at birth, vesicoureteral reflux, called VUR or reflux, is an abnormality of the urinary tract that causes urine to flow backwards from the bladder back into the ureters. The ureters are the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys, which filters waste products from the blood to form urine, to the bladder, which holds urine just prior to urination. This accumulation of urine within the urinary tract can eventually result in an infection. One possible infection affecting the kidneys is called pyelonephritis. Pyelonephritis causes fever, flank pain, nausea and vomiting, and can leave the kidneys permanently damaged and scarred. In time, scarring leads to the loss of kidney function. INFECTIONS CAUSE AND RESULT FROM REFLUX Whether pylonephritis or something else, urinary tract infections, or UTIs, are often the reason that vesicoureteral reflux is discovered because the two conditions are diagnosed at the same time. In fact, the two conditions are so often connected that physicians typically examine all children with UTI for reflux. Urinary infections are considered the secondary cause of vesicoureteral reflux. The primary cause of the condition is abnormal development that results in an impaired ureteral valve, which does not close properly. The abnormality may result from the ureter not reaching its full growth or from the ureter not being located at the correct entry point on the bladder.
Children's FaxNotes - New Treatments Available For Vesicoureteral
MEDICAL UPDATE New treatments available for vesicoureteral reflux, Managementof vesicoureteral reflux in the United States is dramatically changing.
http://www.childrens.com/faxnotes/02apr15.htm
Pathology Respiratory Skeletal GI/Biliary Urinary Neuro Vascular
vesicoureteral reflux vesicoureteral reflux is a condition when urinetravels backward from the bladder to the kidneys. Patient
http://www.pbcc.cc.fl.us/eissweb/vshaver/VESICO~1.HTM

Extractions: Palm Beach Community College Radiography Program Pathology Respiratory Skeletal GI/Biliary Urinary ... PBCC Home Vesicoureteral Reflux Vesicoureteral Reflux is a condition when urine travels backward from the bladder to the kidneys. Patient Profile - Vesicoureteral Reflux can effect all ages though it most commonly found in children between the ages of three through six. Girls are twice as likely to be diagnosed with Vesicoureteral Reflux as are boys. Though the chances of diagnosis are less for boys, the degree of severity is much greater. The more severe cases are usually a result of a defect at the junction where the patient's ureter and bladder meet. Click here for more information on this more severe disorder: Imaging Modalities Used - The most common radiographic exam used to diagnose Vesicoureteral Reflux is a Voiding Cystourethrogram. During this exam a catheter is inserted into the bladder through the urethra. The bladder is then filled with a contrast solution that will apear on the x-ray film. The patient is asked to void while under fluoroscopy allowing the Radiologist to view the flow. If there is any backflow of the contrast it will be easily seen so that the Radiologist can diagnos the grade of severity of the Vesicoureteral Reflux. Grades I through V of Vesicoureteral Reflux: Treatment Plans - The first plan of treatment for all of the grades of Vesicoureteral Reflux is observation and antibiotic prophylaxis. Those patients who suffer from grades IV and V will undergo surgery to protect their kidneys from scaring.

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