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This book presents the latest research by leading researcherson different aspects of the organization and function of the basalganglia and its output nuclei projections to the thalamus. The majordiseases associated with dysfunction of the basal ganglia areParkinson's, Huntington's, dystonia (abnormal fixed posture withspasms), tremor, and drug-induced dyskinesias. Chapters address bothbasic sciences, such as the physiology and molecular signalingaspects, and clinical applications, such as lesions and stimulation ofthe thalamic area of the brain. ... Read more

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''Emphasis on new issues and emerging concepts insures that theinformation presented is still timely...A compelling source ofinformation on recent research in the field.''---Journal ofChemical Neuroanatomy, May 1997 ... Read more

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This book provides a comprehensive survey of the structure and fiber connections of the human midbrain, specifically of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. The cellular and chemical architecture of these structures is analyzed and the structures' fiber connections are discussed. The role that they play in degenerative diseases of the nervous system, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, is evaluated. Some functional and pathophysiological considerations are included. ... Read more

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This clinical introduction to the neural effects of agingprovides new insights into the effects of aging on the brain andbehavior andserves as a guide to the psychological assessment ofolder patients.Dr. La Rue focuses on the most commonneuropsychiatric disorders anduses numerous case studies todemonstrate the applications ofdifferent treatment techniques. ... Read more

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This volume is a landmark statement of the scientific basis and rationale for surgical treatment of Parkinson's disease. It provides clinicians with a thorough understanding of when and why various surgical approaches are effective and offers guidelines on selection of patients for surgery.The first two sections describe the anatomy and functional organization of the normal basal ganglia and the pathophysiology of the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease. The second half of the book examines various surgical procedures on structures of the basal ganglia involved in Parkinson's disease. The contributors explain the influence of clinical presentation on selection of a surgical target and discuss the indications and expected results of pallidotomy, chronic cerebral electrical stimulation, and grafting and lesioning procedures. Also included is a chapter on the rationale for subthalamotomy and other surgical targets. The book concludes with a discussion on selection of patients for surgery and clinical outcome. ... Read more

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Antipsychotic drugs have revolutionized the management of major psychiatric disorders and the outcomes of those who suffer from them. However, they often contribute to a range of adverse effects, among the most frequent and distressing of which are those resulting in disturbance of voluntary motor function. Extrapyramidal side effects--or EPS--are still poorly recognized and frequently misattributed. Despite vast research literature, there have been few attempts to bring together both the descriptive clinical elements of these disorders and major research conclusions pertinent to routine practice. This very readable and well-illustrated book seeks to rectify this problem in the hope of increasing clinicians' awareness of the issues and acknowledgement of their impact. This is a task made more challenging by the emergence of new drugs with lower liability that may promote subtler abnormalities than standard compounds.This book will be an important reference for psychiatrists, neurologists, and other clinicians who prescribe antipsychotic drugs. ... Read more

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This text on instrumental methods and scoring in extrapyramidal disorders covers such topics as scoring, basics of techniques, tonus/rigidity, tremor, posture and gait, and complex movements. ... Read more

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Hardbound. Volume 5 of the revised series of the Handbook of Clinical Neurology deals with the disorders of movement, first covered in volume 6 of the original series, published in 1968. Since then advances in neurochemistry and molecular biology have led to the emergence of new concepts. The present volume serves as a state-of-the-art inventory, indispensable for the understanding of present and future developments. ... Read more

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Topics include:* Drug Induced Dyskinesias: Definition of the Problem, Persistent Dyskinesias in Chronically Hospitalized Mental Patients, Lingual Dyskinesia in Six Patients Receiving Fluphenazine Enanthate, Dyskinesia in Rhesus Monkeys Tested with High Doses of Chlorpromazine, Neurological Examination of Rhesus Monkeys tested with High Doses of Chlorpromazine, and Extrapyramidal Motor Disorders Following Long-Term Treatment with Neuroleptic Drugs.* Other Clinical Movement Disorders: Clinical Manifestations of the Extrapyramidal Diseases, Manganese Effects in Chimpanzees, Abnormal Movements in Patients with Chronic Psychiatric Illnesses.* Anatomy and Physiology: Fiber Connection of the Basal Ganglia, Anatomy of Lingual Movement, Physiological and Psychological Aspects of Basal Ganglia Functions, Intracellular Responses in Caudate and Cortical Lesions, Permanent Ahtetoid and Choreiform Movements after Small Caudate Lesions in the Cat, The Effects of Central Tegmental Lesions of Tardive Dyskinesia.* Pharmacology and Therapy of Basal Ganglia Disorders: Pharmacological Changes of Dopamine Metabolism in the Basal Ganglia, Pharmacological Treatment of Basal Ganglia Disorders, Modification of Parkinsonism - Dyskinesias Accompanying Treatment with Dopa.* Neurosurgery and Laboratory Procedures: Some Surgical Features of Parkinsonism, Oral Dyskinesia Following Stereotactic Thalamotomy for Parkinson's Disease, Humans in Motion - Objective Methods in Measuring Involuntary Movements. ... Read more

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Although the basal ganglia have been studied for many years, their functions have been only recently understood. In recent years the development of effective treatments for Parkinson's disease, a condition in which the basal ganglia are primarily affected by a degenerative process, and the realization that the subcortical regions of the brain have an important role in cognitive functions and the expression of mood, have greatly stimulated interest and research in this part of the brain. Reports on the proceedings of a conference on basal ganglia held in Leeds in the summer of 1987, which brought together research scientists, clinicians, pharmacologists, pathologists and others from Europe, North America and further afield. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, published by American Association of Neuroscience Nurses on October 1, 2000. The length of the article is 1435 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Hypokinetic Movement Disorders.
Author: Ellie Borrell
Publication: Journal of Neuroscience Nursing (Refereed)
Date: October 1, 2000
Publisher: American Association of Neuroscience Nurses
Volume: 32Issue: 5Page: 254

Distributed by Thomson Gale ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Neuropsychologia, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Parkinson's disease has been associated with executive dysfunction, especially task-switching deficits. One factor contributing to task-switching costs is backward inhibition, as measured by less efficient performance when switching back to a task from which one has recently switched away. This alternating-switch cost is considered to be due to persisting inhibition of elements of the previous task set after a switch. In this study, patients with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease and controls performed three tasks (A-C) in an intermixed fashion. Patients with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease and controls showed equivalent response times. However, the patients made significantly more errors during an alternating switch (i.e., ABA) than did control participants. In contrast, there was no group difference in accuracy in the comparable condition of two consecutive switches between different tasks (i.e., CBA). In addition, accuracy for the two groups was similar for trials in which the task was repeated. These data suggest that Parkinson's disease is associated with either increased backward inhibition, or a reduced ability to overcome this inhibition when reactivating a recently abandoned task set. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Neuropsychologia, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Although Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterised by its motoric symptoms, there is an increasing recognition of accompanying impairments in cognition that have a profound impact on the quality of life of these patients. These deficits predominantly affect executive function and impairments of working memory have been frequently reported. However, the underlying neurochemical and pathological basis for these deficits are not well understood. In this study, 20 patients were tested 'on' and 'off' levodopa (l-dopa) medication on a task that allowed different aspects of working memory function such as maintenance, retrieval and manipulation to be tested within the same general paradigm as well as on an unrelated test of attentional set-shifting, which is known to be sensitive to deficits in early Parkinson's disease. Compared to healthy volunteers, PD patients were impaired at manipulation more than maintenance or retrieval of information within working memory. The patients were also impaired at the attentional set-shifting task. However, whereas l-dopa ameliorated the working memory deficit in manipulation (improving both accuracy and cognitive response time), it had no effect on the attentional set-shifting impairment. These results confirm that working memory deficits in PD are both psychologically specific and related to dopamine depletion. It is anticipated that greater understanding of these mechanisms will lead to future therapeutic improvements. ... Read more