21. Retinoblastoma Basics The New York Eye Cancer Center is one of the premier centers in the country for thetreatment of retinoblastoma and other pediatric eye tumors. retinoblastoma http://www.eyecancer.com/conditions/Retinal Tumors/retino.html

The Editor: Dr. Paul Finger Patient Information: Conditions The Eye Glossary FAQs ... Links Treatments: Radiation Enucleation Innovations Studies ... Home Retinoblastoma Description: Retinoblastoma was the first cancer to be directly associated with a genetic abnormality (Deletions or mutation of the q14 band of chromosome 13). Retinoblastoma can occur sporadically (without a family history) or it can be inherited (with a family history). If a genetic mutation is found there is a 45-50% chance that the parents will have another child with retinoblastoma. If there is no family history and no mutation is found, the risk of having a second child with retinoblastoma is 2-5%. The average age of children with retinoblastoma is 18 months. More than 75% of children are first noted to have a (which the doctors call leukocoria Treatment: Retinoblastoma treatment requires the cooperation of an ophthalmic oncologist, pediatric oncologist, and radiation therapist. Over the last 30 years, treatment has evolved from simple

22. Retinoblastoma Básico Translate this page A web site for patients with eye cancer of within around and behind the eyes includingbut not limited to choroidal melanoma,care,retinoblastoma,eye,lid,tumors http://www.eyecancer.com/Spanish/conditionsS/RetinalTumorsS/retinoS.html

El editor: Dr. Paul Finger El ojo Glosario Preguntas Frecuentes ... Enlaces Tratamentos: Radioterapia Innovaciones Estudios Fundación "eyecare" ... Tienda de ECN Retinoblastoma pupila blanca leucocoria Tratamiento Un Caso de Retinoblastoma - Medscape Interactivo Link here for multiple clinical photos (Click the Reference to Read the Abstract): 1. Quimioterapia para Retinoblastoma. A Current Topic Finger PT, Czechonska G, Demirci H, Rausen A. Drugs 1999;58(6):983-996. SUBIR AL PRINCIPIO Por favor informe de cualquier problema a: pfinger@eyecancer.com Paul T. Finger,MD, FACS 1998-2003 SE RESERVAN TODOS LOS DERECHOS 115 East 61st Street New York City, New York 10021

23. Retinoblastoma GeneReviews Funded by the NIH • Developed at the University of Washington, Seattle.retinoblastoma. Table 1. Molecular Genetic Testing Used in retinoblastoma. http://www.geneclinics.org/profiles/retinoblastoma/details.html

Retinoblastoma Authors: Dietmar R Lohmann, MD Bernhard Horsthemke, PhD Norbert Bornfeld, MD Eberhard Passarge, MD University of Essen Initial Posting: 18 July 2000 Last Update 21 January 2003 Summary Disease characteristics. Retinoblastoma (RB) is a malignant tumor of the developing retina that occurs in children, usually before the age of five years. RB occurs in cells that have cancer-predisposing mutations in both copies of the gene RB may be unifocal or multifocal. About 60% of patients have unilateral RB with a mean age of diagnosis of 24 months; about 40% have bilateral RB with a mean age of diagnosis of 15 months. Patients heterozygous for a cancer-predisposing mutation in one allele are said to have a germline mutation and thus have a hereditary predisposition to RB; they are at increased risk of developing other RB-related (non-ocular) tumors. Early diagnosis and treatment of RB and RB-related tumors can reduce morbidity and increase longevity. Diagnosis/testing. The clinical diagnosis of retinoblastoma is usually established by examination of the fundus of the eye using indirect ophthalmoscopy. Imaging studies can be used to support the diagnosis and stage the tumor. Mutation analysis of the gene (chromosomal locus 13q14.1-q14.2) in white blood cell DNA is available in clinical laboratories and can identify a germline mutation in about 80% of individuals with a hereditary predisposition to RB. The probability that an

24. Retinoblastoma - General Practice Notebook Clinicallyoriented information. http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/MedwebPage.cfm?ID=1248526346

25. Cancer.gov - Retinoblastoma Home Page retinoblastoma Home Page, What therapy. retinoblastoma Treatment patients health professionals . Q A Cryosurgery in Cancer Treatment. http://www.cancer.gov/cancer_information/cancer_type/retinoblastoma/

Retinoblastoma Home Page An overview of cancer detection, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. NIH Publication No. 00-1566 Questions and Answers About Care for Children and Adolescents with Cancer A fact sheet about children's cancer centers and health care approaches, including clinical trials for children with cancer. Young People with Cancer: A Handbook for Parents Discusses the most common types of childhood cancer, treatments and side effects, and issues that may arise when a child is diagnosed with cancer. Offers medical information and practical tips gathered from parents. Includes a section on talking to children about cancer. Full description of the NCI PDQ database Treatment Information about treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and vaccine therapy Retinoblastoma Treatment patients health professionals Questions and Answers About Metastatic Cancer Prevention, Genetics, Causes Information related to prevention, genetics, and risk factors Cancer Genetics Overview Search: Cancer Genetics Services Directory Understanding Gene Testing Clinical Trials Information on clinical trials and current news on trials and trial-related data Childhood Cancer Updates Children's Assent to Clinical Trial Participation Search for Clinical Trials Cancer Literature New Cancer Literature Search Options Coming Soon!

26. Cancer.gov - Retinoblastoma (PDQ®): Treatment . What is retinoblastoma? retinoblastoma...... versions. Date Last Modified 09/10/2002, health professional, retinoblastoma. returnto top. http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/pdq/treatment/retinoblastoma/patient/

Two versions of this document are available. Select a tab below to switch between versions. Date Last Modified: 09/10/2002 Retinoblastoma Description What is retinoblastoma? Stage Explanation Stages of retinoblastoma ... About PDQ Description What is retinoblastoma? Retinoblastoma is a malignant (cancerous) tumor of the retina. The retina is the thin nerve tissue that lines the back of the eye that senses light and forms images. Although retinoblastoma may occur at any age, it most often occurs in younger children, usually before the age of 5 years. The tumor may be in one eye only or in both eyes. Retinoblastoma is usually confined to the eye and does not spread to nearby tissue or other parts of the body. Your child's prognosis (chance of recovery and retaining sight) and choice of treatment depend on the extent of the disease within and beyond the eye. Retinoblastoma may be hereditary (inherited) or nonhereditary. The hereditary form may be in one or both eyes, and generally affects younger children. Most retinoblastoma occurring in only one eye is not hereditary and is more often found in older children. When the disease occurs in both eyes, it is always hereditary. Because of the hereditary factor, patients and their brothers and sisters should have periodic examinations, including genetic counseling, to determine their risk for developing the disease. A child who has hereditary retinoblastoma may also be at risk of developing a tumor in the brain while they are being treated for the eye tumor. This is called trilateral retinoblastoma, and patients should be periodically monitored by the doctor for the possible development of this rare condition during and after treatment. If your child has retinoblastoma, particularly the hereditary type, there is also an increased chance that he or she may develop other types of cancer in later years. Parents may therefore decide to continue taking their child for medical check-ups even after the cancer has been treated.

27. Retinoblastoma.Net: Home Information about the disease for parents and professionals, including warning signs. Lobbies worldwide for early eye exams for newborn babies. http://www.retinoblastoma.net/

What Is Retinoblastoma? Parents, Family, What We ... Us What Is Retinoblastoma? Find out more about this devastating children's eye cancer. To find a physician, click here For frequently asked questions about retinoblastoma, click here To make a donation to our organization, please click here Graphic Design by Ad One Hosting and Web Design by Wakai

28. Retinoblastoma retinoblastoma occurs in early childhood and affects about 1 child in 20,000. Thereare both hereditary and nonhereditary forms of retinoblastoma. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disease/Retinoblast.html

This Genes and Disease page has been moved to: Please update your bookmarks. If you are not automatically transported to the new page after 15 seconds, click on this link Genome View on chromosome 13 Databases PubMed the literature LocusLink collection of gene-related information OMIM catalog of human genes and disorders Information The National Eye Institute, NIH research and patient information RETINOBLASTOMA occurs in early childhood and affects about 1 child in 20,000. The tumor develops from the immature retina - the part of the eye responsible for detecting light and color. There are both hereditary and non-hereditary forms of retinoblastoma. IN the hereditary form, multiple tumors are found in both eyes, while in the non-hereditary form only one eye is effected and by only one tumor. In the hereditary form, a gene called Rb is lost from chromosome 13. Since the absence of Rb seemed to be linked to retinoblastoma, it has been suggested that the role of Rb in normal cells is to suppress tumor formation. Rb is found in all cells of the body, where under normal conditions it acts as a brake on the cell division cycle by preventing certain regulatory proteins from triggering DNA replication. If Rb is missing, a cell can replicate itself over and over in an uncontrolled manner, resulting in tumor formation. Untreated, retinoblastoma is almost uniformly fatal, but with early diagnosis and modern methods of treatment the survival rate is over 90%. Since the Rb gene is found in all cell types, studying the molecular mechanism of tumor suppression by Rb will give insight into the progression of many types of cancer, not just retinoblastoma.

29. Retinoblastoma.Net: Home What Is retinoblastoma? Find out more about this devastating children's eyecancer. For frequently asked questions about retinoblastoma, click here. http://www.kidseyecancer.org/

What Is Retinoblastoma? Parents, Family, What We ... Us What Is Retinoblastoma? Find out more about this devastating children's eye cancer. To find a physician, click here For frequently asked questions about retinoblastoma, click here To make a donation to our organization, please click here Graphic Design by Ad One Hosting and Web Design by Wakai

30. Solutions By Sequence-Health Through Knowledge. retinoblastoma research, testing and information. http://www.solutionsbysequence.com

31. What Is Retinoblastoma? retinoblastoma. Clinical Features of retinoblastoma. A Expressed by5 years of age in nearly all cases. Genetics of retinoblastoma. All http://www.cancergenetics.org/rbwhat.htm

Retinoblastoma Clinical Features of Retinoblastoma A malignant tumor arising in the undifferentiated retina of one or both eyes during infancy or early childhood Actually begins to form during fetal development, when retinal cells (retinoblasts) are rapidly dividing Expressed by 5 years of age in nearly all cases Genetics of Retinoblastoma All forms of retinoblastoma represent an alteration in the gene RB1 The locus for retinoblastoma gene is in the region 13q14.1 q14.2, that is, the proximal part of the long arm of chromosome 13 The RB1 gene is about 180 kb (kilobases; 1 kb = 1,000 nucleotide bases) in length with 27 exons which code for a transcript of only 4.7 kb The RB1 gene has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene The normal retinoblastoma gene product binds DNA and controls the cell cycle at the transition from the G to the S phase. Retinoblastoma arises when loss of function of both alleles of the gene in a retinoblast occurs. In hereditary retinoblastoma, a chromosome containing the mutant form of the retinoblastoma gene is transmitted in typical autosomal dominant fashion. All of the cells of the body of a person who has inherited this mutation begin with only one normal copy of the retinoblastoma gene.

32. What Is Retinoblastoma? What is retinoblastoma? I am, as stated elsewhere, in the medical field,and I've done some research on the subject of retinoblastoma. http://www.mrmegabyte.net/rb/retino.html

On this page What is it? Tony Tony Adults ... Home What is Retinoblastoma? The newer stuff is at the bottom of the page! I state here, on my page, that I'm not a doctor. I want to make sure everyone knows that. I am, as stated elsewhere, in the medical field, and I've done some research on the subject of Retinoblastoma. Here's my explanation of what Retinoblastoma is. For the most, up-to-date and late breaking information, try one of my LINKS Retinoblastoma (RB) is a term which refers to the genetic condition causing tumors to grow on the Retina of the eye. Unilateral RB simply means that tumors have grown in only one eye. Unilateral might not be caused by genetic, but rather a spontaneous growth. Bilateral RB is when a tumor or tumors have grown in both eyes and usually indicates a genetic influence (either spontaneous mutation or inherited). If you break Retino-blast-oma into it's separate components you can begin to get an idea of what it's about. Retino refers to the Retina which is a part of our eye (see diagram below). Blast is a medical term used to indicate that the tumor is derived from the "primitive" cell. Any tumor name with "blast" in it indicates that it's from the "infantile" cell, and almost always occur in children, before their cells mature.

33. RETINOBLASTOMA SARAH'S retinoblastoma HOMEPAGE. This We live in Sydney Australia andSarah was recently diagnosed with unilateral retinoblastoma. This http://homepage.idx.com.au/muznsam/

SARAH'S RETINOBLASTOMA HOMEPAGE This is a picture of Sarah at preschool before being diagnosed. JoannaM@nch.edu.au . Click this link to go to the latest issue of the Retinoblastoma Support Group Newsletter . The colours of this page represent the rainbow. The reason for this is when Sarah had to have her eye cleaned and drops inserted after the enucleation, she sang a song to overcome the pain. The song was "I can Sing a Rainbow". What is Retinoblastoma Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumour or cancer which develops in the cells of the retina, the thin nerve tissue that lines the back of the eye and senses light. Although RB may occur at any age, it most often occurs in children before they reach the age of 5. Retinoblastoma happens to approximately 1 in 20,000 children. RB is either unilateral (one eye affected) or bi-lateral (both eyes affected), but can occasionally be tri-lateral (intracranial). Sarah's Story.... On the 6th August , 98 we took Sarah to our local Optometrist because we had noticed a whitish/green looking pool in her left eye. We later found out that this was leucocoria. In this photo you can see the white spot (leucocoria) in Sarah's left eye .

34. Retinoblastoma retinoblastoma. A Parent's Guide to Understanding retinoblastoma. PatientStatement retinoblastoma Updated 04/98. What is retinoblastoma? http://www.lowvision.org/retinoblastoma.htm

Retinoblastoma Recurrent Orbital Retinoblastoma after Enucleation This is a case presentation of a 3 year old boy who presented with orbital recurrence of retinoblastoma after enucleation and limited radiation therapy. Following the case presentation, a review of therapeutic modalities for retinoblastoma will be discussed, with particular focus on enucleation and the management of recurrence of tumor in the globe. A Parent's Guide to Understanding Retinoblastoma Patient Statement: Retinoblastoma - Updated 04/98 What is Retinoblastoma? An Inspirational, Spiritual Book About Childhood Cancer (Retinoblastoma) Perfect Vision, A Mother's Experience With Childhood Cancer, is an inspirational book that deals with a tragic experience. Coming to grips with the grief. Retinoblastoma Basics Retinoblastoma Retinoblastoma Foundation Signs and Symptoms of Retinoblastoma ... The National Retinoblastoma Research and Support Foundation

35. Retinoblastoma retinoblastoma. About retinoblastoma. NCI PDQ. In about 40% of thecases, retinoblastoma is hereditary. In fact, retinoblastoma was http://www.acor.org/diseases/ped-onc/diseases/retino.html

Retinoblastoma Contents: Warning Signs of Retinoblastoma About Retinoblastoma Treatment Statistics ... Links R etinoblastoma is a malignancy of the retinal cell layer of the eye. The tumor is composed mainly of undifferentiated anaplastic cells blasts that arise from the nuclear layers of the retina. It is the most common eye tumor in children and it usually occurs before the age of five. It can occur in one eye (unilateral) or in both eyes (bilateral). About Retinoblastoma NCI PDQ In about 40% of the cases, retinoblastoma is hereditary. In fact, retinoblastoma was one of the first cancers recognized as "hereditary". Before surgery, children who had retinoblastoma died before they reached childbearing age. When doctors in the first part of this century began removing the affected eye to treat the disease, the children survived the cancer and lived to have their own children, some of whom in turn developed retinoblastoma. In the 1970s, researchers studied the DNA of retinoblastoma carriers and found one of the first "oncogenes". They found that deletions or mutations of the "retinoblastoma" gene within the q14 band of chromosome 13 are highly associated with a predisposition to retinoblastoma. Several sites already exist on the Internet which describe retinoblastoma (links just below). On the National Retinoblastoma Research and Support Foundation site (NRRSF), there are pictures of what the disease looks like. A parent of a child with retinoblastoma has written excellent descriptions at his site: What is Retinoblastoma?

36. Retinoblastoma retinoblastoma Menu. About retinoblastoma Organisations / Support GroupsResources About retinoblastoma. retinoblastoma is a rare tumour of http://www.cancerindex.org/ccw/guide2r.htm

Home Site Map Cancer Types Treatments ... About Retinoblastoma Menu Cancer-Types Retinoblastoma Retinoblastoma Menu About Retinoblastoma Organisations / Support Groups Resources for Parents and the Public Home Pages of Children and Families Resources for Health Professionals Search Elsewhere for Resources About Retinoblastoma Retinoblastoma is a rare tumour of the eye which develops in the cells of the retina, most patients are under 5 years old. Sometimes only one eye is affected (unilateral-retinoblastoma ), but in about two fifths of patients both eyes have the disease (bilateral-retinoblastoma ). Some cases are known to be hereditary. This page contains links to information specifically related to Retinoblastoma, other relevant resources are availible via the Main Menu of Children's Cancer Web. Retinoblastoma Menu Site Menu Suggest a site Organisations / Support Groups (3 links) National Retinoblastoma Research and Support Foundation (USA) A support group established by parents and friends of children treated at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute. The NRRSF aims to establish a national network to provide support to parents with children affected by retinoblastoma. R-BLASTOMA - Email list (ACOR) Retinoblastoma Information and Support Retinoblastoma Society, The

37. Retinoblastoma - Genetics Project). Overview of the Molecular Biology of retinoblastoma. DozF, et al. Information. Familial retinoblastoma. Draper GJ, et al. http://www.cancerindex.org/geneweb/X1801.htm

Cancer Genetics Web www.cancer genetics.org Retinoblastoma Mutated Genes and Abnormal Protein Expression Recurrent Chromosome Abnormalities Overview of the Molecular Biology of Retinoblastoma Familial Retinoblastoma i(6p10) in Retinoblastoma Retinoblastoma: Clinical and Epidemiological Resources Mutated Genes and Abnormal Protein Expression Gene Location Topics ( DBP-RB , DEAD BOX ) DDX1 and Retinoblastoma MYCN ( NMYC , N-MYC ) MYCN Amplification in Retinoblastoma ( Rb ) RB1 and Retinoblastoma Retinoblastoma and Genetic Counselling Second Malignancies After Retinoblastoma Recurrent Chromosome Abnormalities i(6p10) in Retinoblastoma Related links: Recurrent Chromosome Abnormalities - Retinoblastoma (Cancer Genome Anatomy Project) Overview of the Molecular Biology of Retinoblastoma Doz F, et al. N-MYC amplification, loss of heterozygosity on the short arm of chromosome 1 and DNA ploidy in retinoblastoma. Eur J Cancer 1996;32A(4):645-9 Related articles (PubMed) Goodrich DW, et al. The molecular genetics of retinoblastoma. [Review] Cancer Surv 1990;9(3):529-54 Related articles (PubMed) Medline Search: retinoblastoma AND genetics AND eye (PubMed) Limit search to: [Last Year] Limit search to: [Last 2 Years] Limit search to: [Reviews] Retinoblastoma Genetics Retinoblastoma : Clinical and Epidemiological Information Familial Retinoblastoma Draper GJ, et al.

38. Children's Cancers - Retinoblastoma, Understanding Children's Cancers, Understan Rare tumours of childhood. retinoblastoma. Rhabdomyosarcoma. Children's Cancers.A joint publication of the UKCCSG and CancerBACUP. retinoblastoma Factsheet http://www.cancerbacup.org.uk/info/child-retinoblastoma.htm

The UK's Leading Cancer Information Service FREEPHONE HELPLINE: 0808 800 1234 Cancer Information Clinical ... donation CHILDRENS CANCERS - BOOKLET A parents guide to children's cancers FACTSHEET Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia Acute myeloid leukaemia Brain tumours Ewing's sarcoma ... Wilm's tumour As a charity, we rely on voluntary contributions to provide this information. If you would like to make a donation to assist us in our work, click here Children's Cancers A joint publication of the UKCCSG and CancerBACUP Retinoblastoma - Factsheet There are about 40 new cases of retinoblastoma diagnosed each year in the UK. What is retinoblastoma? Retinoblastoma is a tumour that occurs in the light sensitive lining of the eye known as the retina. It can occur in two forms, an inherited form where there are often tumours in both eyes and a non-inherited form where there is usually only a tumour in one eye. Diagram of the eye What causes retinoblastoma?

39. Retinoblastoma The retinoblastoma Gene and Gene Product. The retinoblastoma retinoblastoma.28. Spontaneously Regressed retinoblastoma. Spontaneously http://www.moffitt.usf.edu/cancjrnl/v5n4/article2.html

Retinoblastoma Curtis E. Margo, MD, MPH, Lynn E. Harman, MD, and Zuber D. Mulla, MSPH Although treatment outcomes for retinoblastoma have improved, patients with a germline gene mutation carry a high risk for second cancers. Background: Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy of infants and children. With early diagnosis and treatment, survival is greater than 90%; however, patients with a germline retinoblastoma mutation have a substantial risk of having a second high-grade malignancy. Methods: The recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of retinoblastoma are reviewed. Results: Identification of the retinoblastoma germline mutation is now possible with the discovery of the retinoblastoma gene. Patients with the germline mutation have a 51% cumulative risk over 50 years of developing a second malignancy. Several pilot studies using primary chemotherapy for retinoblastoma have shown promising results. Conclusions: Risk assessment and genetic counseling have become more precise with the development of laboratory methods to identify the retinoblastoma gene. The development of primary chemotherapy regimens to reduce the size of retinoblastoma tumors may decrease the need for radiation therapy and thereby reduce the risk of radiation-related malignancies in patients with the germline mutation. Introduction Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy of infancy and childhood. Prior to this century, retinoblastoma was a uniformly fatal disease.

40. Retinoblastoma retinoblastoma. Oncolink References on retinoblastoma. This documentmaintained by Robert J. Huskey Last updated on November 10, 1998. http://www.people.virginia.edu/~rjh9u/retblst.html

Retinoblastoma Oncolink References on Retinoblastoma This document maintained by Robert J. Huskey Last updated on November 10, 1998.

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