81. MedWebPlus Web Site ID 8012 A free service to help you find health sciences information quickly and easily.National Cancer Institute CancerNet PDQ Treatment Patients retinoblastoma. http://www.medwebplus.com/obj/8012

Main About MWP Contribute to MWP Contact Us A service of Flexis, Inc. Welcome to MedWebPlus 2.3! A free service to help you find health sciences information quickly and easily. National Cancer Institute CancerNet PDQ: Treatment: Patients Retinoblastoma Uptime grade: A Usage grade: Popularity: N/A Location: North America United States Maryland Bethesda Subjects: All Diseases Eye Neoplasms Ophthalmology Retinoblastoma ... Privacy statement Powered by y-Base

82. MedWebPlus Web Site ID 9402 quickly and easily. National Cancer Institute CancerNet PDQ TreatmentHealthProfessionals retinoblastoma. http//www.cancer.gov http://www.medwebplus.com/obj/9402

Main About MWP Contribute to MWP Contact Us A service of Flexis, Inc. Welcome to MedWebPlus 2.3! A free service to help you find health sciences information quickly and easily. National Cancer Institute CancerNet PDQ: Treatment:Health Professionals Retinoblastoma Uptime grade: A Usage grade: Popularity: N/A Location: North America United States Maryland Bethesda Subjects: All Diseases Eye Diseases Medical Oncology Ophthalmology ... Privacy statement Powered by y-Base

83. INCTR: Newsletter News retinoblastoma Strategy Group. The treatment subcommittee of theretinoblastoma Strategy Group met in July to design and develop http://www.inctr.org/publications/2001_v02_n01_s09.shtml

News Retinoblastoma Strategy Group The treatment sub-committee of the Retinoblastoma Strategy Group met in July to design and develop treatment protocols for advanced retinoblastoma. Two protocols were proposed: one for the treatment of patients with extraocular disease without overt signs of metastatic disease at presentation, and another for the treatment of patients with metastatic disease at first diagnosis. Protocol objectives, patient eligibility criteria, treatment and evaluation parameters were agreed upon for both studies. It is anticipated that draft versions of the two protocols will be completed by early 2002. The INCTR Ethical Review Committee has reviewed and approved the survey study, "Understanding Problems Faced by Parents of Children with Retinoblastoma Prior to Treatment." This questionnaire was designed at the January meeting of the Strategy Group. Early feedback from investigators participating in this study has been informative. They say that parents are very willing to share their stories and that the process of obtaining information required for the questionnaire also provides an opportunity to educate parents about the disease. INCTR is presently working with Retinoblastoma International in the preparation of a public service announcement relating to the early detection of retinoblastoma. The announcement will be linked to a popular television series called "The Bold and the Beautiful," starring Hunter Tylo.

84. Cancer Sites: Retinoblastoma retinoblastoma. PEOPLE LIVING WITH CANCER ASCO (American Society ofClinical Oncology) Information Resources Live Chats with Experts. http://www.salick.com/resource/siter02.html

RETINOBLASTOMA PEOPLE LIVING WITH CANCER ASCO (American Society of Clinical Oncology) Information Resources Live Chats with Experts ONCOLINK Retinoblastoma University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center general information medical supportive care related articles current literature CANCER INFORMATION NETWORK information news articles symposia case studies CANCERNET National Cancer Institute On-line access to NCI fact sheets PDQ Treatment summaries PDQ Supportive Care Summaries PDQ Cancer Screening PDQ Preventative Summaries PDQ Drug Information Summaries CANCERLIT Citations and Abstracts THE WELLNESS COMMUNITY The Wellness Community local support groups lectures meetings CANCER CARE support groups counseling line patient and family teleconferences education programs clinical trials publications CANCERLINKS multi-lingual cancer resource Please look at our before using this site.

85. RETINOBLASTOMA: HOME cancer of childhood. retinoblastoma, a cancer of the retinal eye tissue,is the most common eye cancer in children. It affects approximately http://www.eyecancermd.com/retinoblastoma/

Home Anatomy of the Eye Diagnosis Examination Under Anesthesia Treatment ... About Us Change font size: Small Large document.selectStream.stream.value = fontSelection; Cancer is always a frightening diagnosis, and when it affects children, the situation is overwhelming. Eye cancer in children, though rare, is the third leading cancer of childhood. Retinoblastoma, a cancer of the retinal eye tissue, is the most common eye cancer in children. It affects approximately one in eighteen thousand live births without regard to race or gender. This number, in fact, probably underestimates the number of cases because children remain at risk for retinoblastoma during the first five years of life. Retinoblastoma can be a particularly distressing form of cancer as it is potentially fatal and can result in vision loss of one or both eyes. Fortunately, almost all children in North America can be successfully treated for retinoblastoma. Not only are children no longer dying of this disease, in most cases, with early diagnosis and treatment, children with retinoblastoma do not have to have an eye removed and will keep normal vision. When they first learn of their child's diagnosis, many families want to gather as much information as possible. Because it is such a rare disease, there is very little information about retinoblastoma available to families. This website is designed to give you more information about retinoblastoma. It will discuss diagnosis, treatment options, follow-up, and the genetic aspects of retinoblastoma. It will also include common issues faced by parents that have been faced with a diagnosis of retinoblastoma in their child. Our aim is to help families better understand and effectively cope with retinoblastoma.

86. Institute For Families Of Blind Children_Retinoblastoma retinoblastoma. retinoblastoma is a rare fastgrowing cancer that onlyoccurs in newborns, infants and children under 5 years of age. http://www.instituteforfamilies.org/retinoblastoma.html

Retinoblastoma Retinoblastoma is a rare fast-growing cancer that only occurs in newborns, infants and children under 5 years of age. Arising from immature retinal cells in one or both eyes, these tumors begin as tiny elevations in the retina and eventually fill the eye over time. Diagnosis With early diagnosis, the disease is treatable and, in most cases, the eyesight can be saved as well as the life of the child. By dilating the pupils of an infant, most cases of this disease, as well as the pathology of many other ocular diseases can be detected. Treatment Treatment protocols include chemotherapy, radiation, sequential aggressive local laser or cryotherapy, the removal of one or both eyes (enucleation), or combinations of the above. An estimated 8,000 cases occur annually worldwide. Of these, 7,000 die (mostly in developing countries) due to the delay in diagnosis or because of the lack of access to expert medical care. In the developed world, 97% of infants survive their retinoblastoma, but most have a moderate to severe visual impairment. (For more information, go to http://www.retinoblastoma.net

87. Virtual Children's Hospital: Paediapaedia: Retinoblastoma Paediapaedia Neurological Diseases retinoblastoma. All rights reserved. http//www.vh.org/pediatric/provider/radiology/PAP/NeuroDiseases/retinoblastoma.html. http://www.vh.org/pediatric/provider/radiology/PAP/NeuroDiseases/Retinoblastoma.

Paediapaedia: Neurological Diseases Retinoblastoma Michael P. D'Alessandro, M.D. Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed Clinical Presentation: Leukokoria (white reflex behind the lens), visual impairment, strabismus, pupil inequality, and color change of the cornea. Sixty-six percent of the cases are seen in children less than 3 years old, and it is rarely seen after 6 years old. Etiology/Pathophysiology: Tumor arises from the retina and extends into the vitreous cavity. Spreads extraocularly via infiltration into the optic nerve with direct extension via the subarachnoid space around optic nerve. Can also spread to the choroid plexus where it can metastasize hematogenously. Once tumor fills the orbit it also can spread directly through the skull and brain. Metastasizes to brain, bone, liver, kidney, lung, testes, and lymph nodes. If treated with radiation patient is at risk for osteosarcoma 10 years later. It is the most common malignant intraocular tumor in kids, causeing 5% of childhood blindness and 1% of childhood cancer deaths. Pathology: Not applicable Imaging Findings: On CT is a well defined orbital calcified mass that does not enhance. Metastatic lesion are less frequently calcified and often enhance. Orbital extension can be seen as thickening of the optic nerve.

88. Retinoblastoma - University Of Minnesota Cancer Center retinoblastoma. About the disease. retinoblastoma is cancer of thethin layer of nerve tissue that lines the back of the eye. This http://www.cancer.umn.edu/page/clinical/peds_retino.htm

document.write(secondIm) RETINOBLASTOMA On this page: About the disease Cancer types Symptoms Diagnosis ... Clinical trials Related links: Types of pediatric cancer Back to pediatric cancer home page About the disease Retinoblastoma is cancer of the thin layer of nerve tissue that lines the back of the eye. This layer is called the retina, which is the light-sensitive portion of the eye that forms images. Retinoblastoma may affect one eye (unilateral), both eyes (bilateral), and in very rare cases, the brain (trilateral). Most often it is found in children under 5 years old. Retinoblastoma does not usually spread to nearby tissues or other parts of the body. When treated early, 95 percent of the cases can be treated and vision may be spared. Cancer types There are two types of retinoblastoma: hereditary and non-hereditary. Hereditary retinoblastoma makes up 30 to 40 percent of retinoblastoma cases. It can be found in one or both eyes, and is usually found in younger children. When the disease is found in both eyes, it is always the hereditary form. Because of the genetic basis of this disease, siblings need to be examined by an eye specialist, and the parents should meet with a genetic counselor. A child with heriditary retinoblastoma also is at greater risk for developing other kinds of cancer elsewhere in the body later in life. These children should continue to have medical check-ups even after the disease has been treated. Non-hereditary retinoblastoma affects one eye only, and is generally found in older children. There is a slight chance that these children are at greater risk for developing cancer elsewhere in the body later in life. As a result, they should continue to have medical check-ups even after the disease has been treated.

89. Retinoblastoma retinoblastoma. Affecting children of all races, boys and girls equally, retinoblastomaoccurs in one or both eyes, usually in the first year or two of life. http://www.ballereye.com/research/Retinoblastoma.htm

Retinoblastoma Retinoblastoma, a malignant tumor that grows in the retina, the layer of light-sensing cells in the back of the eye, can destroy a child’s vision and be fatal. Affecting children of all races, boys and girls equally, retinoblastoma occurs in one or both eyes, usually in the first year or two of life. The most common sign is a change in the color of the pupil, which can appear white in reflected light. This phenomenon is referred to as a cat’s eye reflex. Sometimes the affected eye will cross or turn outward. Retinoblastoma can be hereditary and is more likely to develop in children with a family history of the disease. With early diagnosis, retinoblastoma treatment is remarkably effective. More than 90% of children survive and many eyes are saved with a combination of medications, radiation therapy, and heat, freezing, or laser treatments. In severe cases, the affected eye is removed. If a child has had retinoblastoma there is an increased chance for a second cancer to develop. Children with retinoblastoma should have regular examinations by an ophthalmologist and a pediatric oncologist. The information contained on these pages is intended for general education of consumers and patients.

90. Kprones RbKprID10031 NA. retinoblastoma. Identity. retinoblastoma). Genes involved and Proteins.Gene Name, RB1 (retinoblastoma susceptibility gene). Location, 13q14. DNA/RNA. http://www.infobiogen.fr/services/chromcancer/Kprones/RbKprID10031.html

Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology Home Genes Leukemias Solid Tumours ... NA Retinoblastoma Identity Inheritance predisposition to retinoblastoma is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait; it is caused by mutations in the gene; penetrance and expressivity depend on the nature of the predisposing mutational change; there is also a non-hereditary form of retinoblastoma (mostly in children with isolated unilateral retinoblastoma) that is caused by RB1-mutations confined to somatic cells Clinics Phenotype and clinics retinoblastoma in early childhood: white reflexes in one or both eyes or strabismus usually are the first signs indicating this malignant eye tumour; in most children with the hereditary retinoblastoma, both eyes are affected by multiple tumour foci (bilateral multifocal retinoblastoma) adults (most often relatives of patients with retinoblastoma) may show retinal scars indicating regressed retinoblastomas or retinomas (non-progressive tumours). in addition to retinoblastoma, children with cytogenetic deletions involving 13q14 may show developmental delay and dysmorphic signs. Neoplastic risk early childhood: formation of retinoblastomas (see genotype-phenotype correlation) adolescence and adulthood: tumours outside the eye (second primary neoplasms): osteosarcoma melanoma

91. Retinoblastoma Up. retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular tumor of childhoodaffecting approximately one in twenty thousand live births. http://insight.med.utah.edu/opatharch/retina/retinoblastoma.htm

Home Up Contributors Submission Information ... Site Map Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular tumor of childhood affecting approximately one in twenty thousand live births. It may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetrance (possibly a deletion in the area of chromosome 13q14) or may arise as a sporatic form. The tumor may present clinically as leukocoria(#22140), strabismus, red eye, change in color of iris, spontaneous hyphema, pseudohypopyon, and ocular enlargement because of glaucoma. Retinoblastoma is thought to arise from primitive neural elements of the retina rather than the glial elements. Histopathologically, this tumor may have one of several growth patterns: exophytic (tumor grows into subretinal space (#22141)), endophytic (toward the vitreous(#9847)), or as a mixture of both patterns (common(#18762)). Dystrophic calcification and necrosis are common (#22143). The tumor cells have large basophilic nuclei with scant cytoplasm.

92. Retinoblastoma - Cancer Overview - Greenebaum Cancer Center retinoblastoma is a cancerous tumor of the retina, the thin nerve tissue liningthe back of the eye which senses light and forms images. retinoblastoma http://www.umm.edu/cancer/overview/retinoblastoma.htm

Greenebaum Cancer Center About GCC... Clinical Trials... Cancer Overviews ... GCC News Related Resources Within UMM Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Program Pediatric Cancer Treatment Team Brain / Nervous System Clinical Trials Greenebaum Cancer Center IN THIS OVERVIEW... What Is Retinoblastoma? Risk Factors Symptoms and Diagnosis Stages and Treatment ... Greenebaum Cancer Center Retinoblastoma: What Is Retinoblastoma? Retinoblastoma is a cancerous tumor of the retina, the thin nerve tissue lining the back of the eye which senses light and forms images.The disease occurs most commonly in younger children, usually before the age of five. About 300 children are diagnosed with retinoblastoma each year in the United States. The disease accounts for about 3 percent of childhood cancers. Adults can develop retinoblastoma too, but it is extremely rare. Retinoblastoma may be hereditary or nonhereditary. The hereditary form generally affects younger children and may occur in one or both eyes. A child who has tumors in both eyes almost always has the hereditary form of the disease. Retinoblastoma that occurs in only one eye usually is the nonhereditary form, which is more often found in older children. About 75 percent of cases occur in only one eye, and about 25 percent occur in both eyes. Usually retinoblastoma is confined to the eyes and does not spread to other organs or tissues. If it is found early, it is treatable and the child’s eyesight can often be saved. In rare cases it can spread to the brain or bone marrow and becomes difficult or impossible to treat.

93. Retinoblastoma - Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Oncology. retinoblastoma What is retinoblastoma? retinoblastoma is arare cancer of the retina. The marrow. What causes retinoblastoma? http://www.lpch.org/DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/oncology/retino.html

Bone Marrow Transplantation Hematology Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Oncology ... Oncology Oncology Retinoblastoma What is retinoblastoma? Retinoblastoma is a rare cancer of the retina. The retina is the innermost layer of the eye, located at the back of the eye, that receives light and images necessary for vision. About 200 children in the US are diagnosed with this type of cancer each year. It mostly occurs in children under the age of 5; the highest incidence of the disease occurs between infancy and age 2. Both males and females are affected equally. Retinoblastoma can occur in either eye, however, in about 25 to 30 percent of the cases, the tumor is present in both eyes. Retinoblastoma cells can, in rare cases, spread (metastasize) to other areas of the body, including the bone marrow. What causes retinoblastoma? Retinoblastoma occurs due to mutations in a tumor suppressor gene (called RB1) located on chromosome #13. Two mutations (or gene changes) are necessary to "knock-out" this gene, and cause uncontrolled cell growth. In inherited retinoblastoma (40 percent of the cases), the first mutation is inherited from a parent, while the second occurs during the development of the retina. In sporadic retinoblastoma (60 percent of the cases), both mutations occur during development of the retina. Sporadic means "occurs by chance." Alterations in the RB1 gene have also been found in other tumors, including osteosarcoma and breast cancer.

94. Neoplasms List of links relating to neoplasms, with special section on nervous-system neoplasms. From Sweden.Category Health Conditions and Diseases Neoplasms...... US). retinoblastoma About the retinoblastoma Gene SFN (US); retinoblastoma- Eye Cancer Network; Mike's Life With retinoblastoma; http://www.mic.ki.se/Diseases/c4.html

search help staff Neoplasms Patients and laypersons looking for guidance among the target sources of this collection of links are strongly advised to review the information retrieved with their professional health care provider. Alphabetical List of Diseases Search CancerLit at NCI/NIH Cancer.gov including the PDQ database , a section on Cancer Treatment Information , and a News Center - National Cancer Institute/NIH (US) OncoLink - Univ of Pennsylvania (US) MD Anderson Cancer Center including a set of Practice Guidelines - University of Texas (US) Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Michigan (US) The American Cancer Society , and Cancer Medicine e.5 [full-text book online] Cancer Guide S Dunn ] - (US) Cancer (Patient) Information Directory 2002/2003 - Macmillan Cancer Relief project Cancer Track Cancer Booklets from The Royal Marsden (UK) Clinical Trials - Cancer.gov (US) Clinical Trials: Cancers and other Neoplasms - ClinicalTrials.gov (US) Cancer Clinical Trials - Cancer411.org Clinical Trials (brain tumors) - Musella Foundation Clinical Trial Protocols - Kimmel Cancer Center/Thomas Jefferson Univ. (US)

95. Viasalus / Enciclopedia / Translate this page retinoblastoma. Recientemente se ha determinado que la causa más comúndel retinoblastoma es la ausencia de un gen supresor de tumores. http://www.viasalus.com/vs/B2C/cn/enciclopedia/ESP/ency/article/001030.jsp

96. Medic-Planet Retinoblastoma retinoblastoma See also Cancers, Eyes and vision, Back to the Index page retinoblastomaretinoblastoma (retuhn-oh-blas-TOH-mah) is cancer of the retina. http://www.medic-planet.com/MP_article/internal_reference/Retinoblastoma

97. Genes, Retinoblastoma Genes, retinoblastoma up. Related topics Brain briefings retinoblastomagene, This is one of the Brain Briefing newsletters produced http://omni.ac.uk/browse/mesh/detail/C0079424L0079424.html

Genes, Retinoblastoma [up] Related topics: other Genes, BRCA1 Genes, BRCA2 Retinoblastoma Brain briefings : retinoblastoma gene This is one of the Brain Briefing newsletters produced by the US Society for Neuroscience, aimed specifically at a lay audience. The aim of these documents is "to explain how basic neuroscience discoveries lead to clinical applications". This document titled "The Retinoblastoma Gene" focuses on retinoblastoma and the retinoblastoma tumor suppresser gene, known as the Rb gene. Also discussed is genetic screening for families with a history of retinoblastoma, and Rb's role in development and viral replication. Written in June 1996, this document contains images and illustrations. Genes, Retinoblastoma Patient Education Retinal Neoplasms Retinoblastoma Last modified 28/Mar/2003 [Low Graphics]

98. Visitech QUALITY POLICY REACH US ENQUIRY EMAIL Eye Diseses retinoblastoma Whatis retinoblastoma? retinoblastoma is a cancer of the eye in children. http://www.visitech.org/retinoblastoma.html

Seek An Opinion Services Infrastructure Quality Policy ... Know Us Retinoblastoma What is retinoblastoma? Retinoblastoma is a cancer of the eye in children. It originates from the retina, the light sensitive layer, in eye. It is the commonest eye tumor of the eye in childhood. . This tumor may involve one (75% of cases) or both (25% of cases) eyes in a child. Untreated, retinoblastoma is almost always fatal, hence the importance of early diagnosis and treatment Is it hereditary? Yes in some cases it may be hereditary. Majority of cases (90%) has no family history of such disease; while a small percentage (10%) of newly diagnosed cases have other family members with retinoblastoma. Of all the cases of retinoblastoma, in 60% of cases it does not get transmitted to the next generation, while in 40% of cases it may get transmitted in the next generation. Therefore it is important to have a genetic counseling before having a baby to determine the risk of another child getting the same disease. Also, the siblings and children of the patients with retinoblastoma should be examined periodically in their childhood to detect any possible tumor early. What are the symptoms of retinoblastoma?

99. Indiacancer.org - Retinoblastoma What is retinoblastoma? retinoblastoma has a tendency to be hereditary,ie, it can run in families, but this is not always the case. http://www.indiacancer.org/coca/r/retino.html

Retinoblastoma What is the Retina? What is Retinoblastoma? How is Retinoblastoma detected? What are staging and grading? ... What is the importance of follow up? What is the Retina? The retina is a lining of nervous tissue located at the back of the two eyes. It is a photosensitive layer, that is, it is responsible for sensing light and forming images. The Eye (Cut Section) What is Retinoblastoma? This is a cancer of the retina. Although it can occur at any age, it generally occurs before 5 years of age. It maybe unilateral , that is, only on one side, or bilateral , that is, in both eyes. Usually, the tumor is confined to the eye socket without spreading to the adjacent tissues. Retinoblastoma has a tendency to be hereditary , i.e., it can run in families, but this is not always the case. If hereditary, it usually occurs at an younger age and tends to be bilateral. Because it is hereditary, the

100. Child Health Library - Oncology - Retinoblastoma Information concerning retinoblastoma from Child Health Library of Children'sHospital of Pittsburgh. retinoblastoma. What is retinoblastoma? http://www.chp.edu/greystone/oncology/retino.php

About Parents Providers Library ... Research Select Another Subject Adolescent Medicine Arthritis Burns Cardiovascular Disorders Craniofacial Anomalies Dermatology Eye Care Growth and Development High-Risk Newborn High-Risk Pregnancy Infectious Diseases Medical Genetics Mental Health Neurological Disorders Normal Newborn Oncology Orthopaedics Respiratory Disorders Surgery Terminally Ill, Care of Transplantation Urology About Pittsburgh Directions and Parking Departments and Services Neighborhood Locations ... Online Resources Retinoblastoma What is retinoblastoma? Retinoblastoma is a rare cancer of the retina. The retina is the innermost layer of the eye, located at the back of the eye, that receives light and images necessary for vision. About 200 children in the US are diagnosed with this type of cancer each year. It mostly occurs in children under the age of 5; the highest incidence of the disease occurs between infancy and age 2. Both males and females are affected equally. Retinoblastoma can occur in either eye, however, in about 25 to 30 percent of the cases, the tumor is present in both eyes. Retinoblastoma cells can, in rare cases, spread (metastasize) to other areas of the body, including the bone marrow. What causes retinoblastoma?

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