41. USGS Southwest Climate Impacs Project - Valley Fever Soil and Ecological Habitats of the Occurrence of Coccidioides immitis,the Infectious Agent of valley fever Mark Bultman, USGS, Tucson, AZ. http://climchange.cr.usgs.gov/info/sw/cimmitis.html

SW Climate Impacts Project Soil and Ecological Habitats of the Occurrence of Coccidioides immitis, the Infectious Agent of Valley Fever Mark Bultman, USGS, Tucson, AZ Map showing occurrence of Valley Fever in the United States (from the University of Arizona Valley Fever Center of Excellence Coccidioidomycosis (valley fever) is an infection that is caused, in the overwhelming majority of cases, by inhalation of the arthroconidia of a soil-inhabiting fungus, Coccidioides immitis (C. immitis) . The disease is a public health issue of increasing importance the southwestern U.S. as a result of rapid population growth, greater numbers of recreational visits and activities, and stationing of military personnel for active training in southwestern deserts. These demographic changes place an increasingly large unexposed population within endemic areas. Although many critical habitat parameters for C. immitis are known, the necessary and sufficient conditions for its occurrence in soils are not known. Our collaborative work with other institutions seeks to understand these conditions through chemical and biological analysis of soils, remote sensing to determine soil texture, analysis of epidemiological, canine epidemiological, climatic and geomorphologic data, and spatial modeling. The habitat parameters can then be used to define and predict regions of C. immitis

42. DOI-USGS-GHT-NLIC (Landslides)Report Announcement On Valley Fever Outbreak From Geologic Hazards. An Outbreak of Coccidioidomycosis (valley fever) Causedby Landslides Triggered by the 1994 Northridge, California Earthquake. http://landslides.usgs.gov/html_files/nlic/California/Jibson/valleyf.htm

Geologic Hazards An Outbreak of Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever) Caused by Landslides Triggered by the 1994 Northridge, California Earthquake By Randall W. Jibson, Edwin L. Harp, U.S. Geological Survey Golden, Colorado, Eileen Schneider, Rana A. Hajjeh, Richard A. Spiegel, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, Georgia In A Paradox of Power: Voices of Warning and Reason in the Geosciences: Geological Society of America, Reviews in Engineering Geology; Welby, C.W., and Gowan, M.E., editors. 1998 ABSTRACT A Coccidioidmycosis Outbreak Following the Northridge, California, Earthquake By Eileen Schneider, MD; Rana A. Hajjeh, MD; Richard A. Speigel, DVM; Randall W. Jibson, PhD; Edwin L. Harp, PhD; Grant A. Marshall, MS; Robert A. Gunn, MD; Micahel M. McNeil, MBBS; Robert W. Pinner, MD; Roy C. Baron, MD; Ronald C. Burger; Lori C. Hutwagner, MS; Casey Crump; Leo Kaufman, PhD; Susan E. Reef, MD; Gary M. Feldman, MD; Demosthenes Pappagianis, MD; S. Benson Werner, MD. The Journal of the American Medical Association, March 19, 1997, vol. 277, American Medical Association ABSTRACT Objective.

43. Blastomycosis, Valley Fever And Systemic Fungal Diseases In The Dog... ThePetCen valley fever This exact scenario has been played out many times only with differentactors in different disguises. valley fever (Coccidioidomycosis). http://www.thepetcenter.com/gen/fungal.html

Systemic Fungal Diseases in Dogs... Diseases In Disguise Blastomycosis, Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever), Histoplasmosis, Lyme Disease and more... The veterinarian looks at the black and white patterns on the viewer in the dim light of the x-ray room. She thinks how unusual this is . . . a four-year old Golden Retriever in the prime of its life, stricken with lung cancer. The radiograph doesn't lie though. The light patches taking up space in what should be dark areas of the dog's lungs literally demand attention, stark and unnatural, like potholes on a busy expressway. How unusual, the doctor muses, to see cancer like this in such a young dog; cancer in the lungs of any dog is almost never seen unless it has metastasized from somewhere else in the body. And to come on so quickly! According to the owners it was happy and energetic as it swam, played fetch and ran with the family just two weeks ago on their vacation. Now the dog has a fever, is losing weight and coughs frequently... the patient is failing fast! Something just doesn't fit. The veterinarian senses an unusual discomfort with her original diagnosis of metastatic lung cancer, a veritable death sentence for this patient. She brings the two x-ray films of the dog’s chest, one taken side-to-side and one front-to-back, into the exam room where four anxious people await the doctor's diagnosis. The depressed Golden Retriever's eyes focus upward on the doctor, ears tuned in to the soft voice. . .

44. Valley Fever, How Tanner Survived This Disease... ThePetCenter.com valley fever. With Max's prodding and Tanner's invincible spirit, the recoveryand eventual happy ending to this case of valley fever was accomplished. http://www.thepetcenter.com/gen/Tanner.html

TANNER'S STORY Valley Fever.... this courageous little Yorkshire Terrier named Tanner was afflicted with Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever). Unfortunately, Tanner's disease was not diagnosed for a number of weeks and even after being seen by a number of veterinarians. Eventually he was taken to Dallas, Texas where the correct diagnosis was made. Tanner began a nine month ordeal of physical therapy and costly medication... but with good veterinary care and extraordinary perseverance by Tanner's owners, the little rascal has now regained almost all of his mobility. Oh yes... his recovery was further hastened by the addition to the family of a second little Yorkie named Max. With Max's prodding and Tanner's invincible spirit, the recovery and eventual happy ending to this case of Valley Fever was accomplished. Congratulations to Tanner, Max and their human partners Marilyn Sue and John M. VALLEY FEVER IN A DOG... A CASE PRESENTATION CASE HISTORY Tanner Boy born March 4, 1999 6-11-99 Dr. B first checked him: Weight 6.6#

45. Disease News - Rift Valley Fever 2000 Disease News Rift valley fever. Back to DiseaseNews Back to Rift valley fever Main Page. http://www.fas.org/ahead/disease/rvf/2000/

FAS Index Search Join FAS ... Search ahead 2000 Disease News Rift Valley Fever Back to Disease News Back to Rift Valley Fever Main Page Jan Feb Mar Apr ... Dec December Rift Valley fever - Saudi Arabia ProMED-mail , 18 December 2000 The death toll from Rift Valley fever (RVF), [caused by] a virus that has affected the Arabian peninsula for more than 2 months, has risen to 109 in Saudi Arabia SUDAN: Qatar resumes meat imports , Integrated Regional Information Network, U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, 04 December 2000 The importations have been resumed after a regional ban was imposed by the Gulf States due to Rift Valley fever. November ETHIOPIA: Ogaden livestock traders hit hard by ban , Integrated Regional Information Network, U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, 25 November 2000 When the Gulf States slapped a Rift Valley fever ban on all livestock imports from the Horn of Africa region in October, crisis hit the Ogaden. October Rift Valley fever in Yemen - Update 4 , World Health Organization, 26 October 2000 As of 19 October, the Ministry of Public Health in Yemen has reported 653 suspected cases, including 80 deaths. WHO reports rising death tolls from disease outbreaks in Uganda and Saudi Arabia UN News , 25 October 2000 The death toll from outbreaks of Ebola fever in Uganda and Rift Valley fever in Saudi Arabia continues to rise, the United Nations World Health Organization (WHO) said today.

46. Disease Archive - Rift Valley Fever Disease Archive Rift valley fever. Back to Disease Archive Index. Thus,research is still pursued. Rift valley fever First Out of Africa. http://www.fas.org/ahead/disease/rvf/

FAS Index Search Join FAS ... Disease Archive Index News Outbreaks First Out of Africa Rift Valley Fever is a member of the sand fly fever group (Phleborivus genus, Bunyaviridae family), but is the only fever of this group vectored by mosquitoes. It is transmitted from animals to humans, by bite or by exposure to infected animal tissues. Initial clinical signs of the disease in animals are not precisely described. It is often the case that the disease is suspected by a confluence of events - spontaneous abortions, human deaths - after animals die 24-36 hours from the first observance of their appetite loss and listlessness. The mortality rate in animals less than a week old is 90%. In humans, there are symptoms similar to those in Dengue fever – fever, headache, joint and muscle pain, weakness – plus a rash. Complications include hemorrhage, encephalitis and blindness. The mortality rate varies widely. Prior to the 2000 outbreak of Rift Valley fever in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, the disease was confined to the African continent, e.g., Egypt, Kenya, Tanzania and South Africa. While some Western experts claim to have found the reservoir of the virus in wild rodents in the 1970s in Egypt, South African scientists contend that the reservoir is not yet known. Thus, research is still pursued. Rift Valley Fever - First Out of Africa

47. Valley Fever valley fever by Darleen Rudnick, Pet Nutritionist and other sources. Symptoms ofvalley fever may be Fever. Aching joints or lameness. Chills. Sweats. Fatigue. http://www.purelypets.com/articles/valleyfever.htm

Valley Fever by Darleen Rudnick, Pet Nutritionist and other sources The medical name for Valley Fever is coccidioidomycosis - often called "cocci" (pronounced KOK-SEE) for short. The name of the fungus, which causes Valley Fever or "cocci", is Coccidioides immitis, which grows in soils around areas of low rainfall, high summer temperatures, and moderate winter temperatures. Valley Fever is prevalent in portions of Sacramento Valley, San Joaquin Valley, desert regions, southern portions of California, and much of the southwestern United States. Coccidioides immitis (fungal spores) become airborne when the soil is disturbed by winds, construction, farming and other activities. The infection occurs when a spore is inhaled. The infecting spores grow in the lung tissue and become microscopic cysts called "spherules" (little spheres). Each spherule is filled with even smaller endospores. As the infection in the lung increases, the spherules burst, allowing the endospores to be discharged into the lung tissue. Each of the numerous endospores may itself grow into a spherule causing the disease to progress. Both people and pets are susceptible to this disease, but it is not a "contagious" disease, meaning it is not passed from person-to-person, or pet-to-pet, you must breath in the spore to get it. In some cases, it can become very serious and even life threatening. Fortunately in most cases, the body will build an immunity to it.

48. Rift Valley Fever: Description, Vector, Mechanisms, Symptoms, Etc. .......TKH Virology Notes Rift valley fever. NOTE This file is for informationonly. It is not intended for diagnosis. Rift valley fever. http://www.tarakharper.com/v_rift.htm

Main [ Home Novels Bio Photo Gallery ... Links ] Main FAQ [ Writing Queries Agents Publishers ... Books ] FAQ [ Medical Terms ][ Return to Notes on Disease ] TKH Virology Notes: Rift Valley Fever Description Mechanism Outbreaks Location ... Treatment Science and Literary Links for Writers Science and Technical References for Writers NOTE: This file is for information only. It is not intended for diagnosis. Rift Valley Fever Description. An acute, febrile, viral disease that affects livestock (such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels) and people. Rift Valley virus is a member of the family Bunyaviridae, genus Phleboviru s. It was first identified in 1931 in East Africa during major epizootics of sheep and cattle, but remained an unclassified arbovirus described as flu-like with occasional retinitis. Prior to 1977, it was considered primarily a veterinarian's disease. It wasn't until the Marburg filovirus attained international attention that Rift Valley fever was also identified as a cause of human hemorrhagic fever. Next topic Top of file Location Eastern and southern Africa, most countries of sub-Saharan Africa, and Madagascar.

49. Valley Fever valley fever affects many people in Arizona. Find out what valley feveris, how to know if you have it, and what to do about it. valley fever. http://phoenix.about.com/library/weekly/aavalleyfevera.htm

zfp=-1 About Phoenix, AZ Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Phoenix, AZ with Judy Hedding Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS A to Z Site Index Wilflower Gallery Cactus League Spring Training ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Valley Fever Many Arizonans Are Afflicted with Valley Fever Related Resources Health/Hospitals West Nile Virus Skin Cancer Prescription Drugs ... Heat Stroke From Other Guides Rare Diseases AIDS/HIV Veterinary Medicine Top Picks Books About Arizona Valley Fever on the Web Valley Fever Center for Excellence Valley Fever Vaccine Project of the Americas Valley Fever and Dogs It is common for people relocating to the Valley of the Sun to be concerned about Valley Fever. While Valley Fever can affect some people, it is important to remember that it affects few people very seriously, and many people never even know that they have Valley Fever. Valley Fever: What You Need To Know What is Valley Fever?

50. OALS: ARSC, Valley Fever Project valley fever Project. Joe soil. valley fever poses a special problemfor People with impaired host defenses, including the elderly; http://ag.arizona.edu/oals/oals/arsc/fromnews/joefever.html

Valley Fever Project Joe Tabor and three other University of Arizona researcher were awarded $690,000 from the Arizona Disease Control Research Commissions (ADCRC) for a three year Integrated Epidemiological Study of Valley Fever. The study team includes the principal investigator Dr. Mary Kay O'Rourke from the College of Public Health and co-investigators Dr. Mark Orbach from Plant Pathology and Dr. Lisa Shubitz from Veterinary Science. Joe Tabor is also working on similar research at OALS through funding from the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES To elucidate the etiology of Coccidioides immitis exposure using a new method and to improve the evaluation of new cases of Valley Fever with enhanced monitoring and soil surveillance for better public health interventions. Objective A. To quantify the prevalence rates (human and pet) of Valley Fever for various severity levels in a community. Objective B. To identify environmental and behavioral risk factors, including smoking, that contribute to human and canine Valley Fever.

51. Valley Fever Back Home Next. valley fever. valley fever Vaccine Project of the Americas. Riftvalley fever in Mauritania. Valley Players Theater Waitsfield, VT. http://www.ability.org.uk/Valley_Fever.html

"see the ability, not the disability" You to can help support the Ability Project by: Our Aims ... Z Valley Fever Valley Fever Vaccine Project of the Americas Rift Valley Fever - A mosquito-borne virual disease leading to serious economic losses in livestock, particularly sheep. Rift Valley fever in Mauritania Valley Players Theater - Waitsfield, VT. Contains information about theater calendar, Playwrights Award Contest, Cabin Fever Follies, children's theater. Webmaster . Site Design by Ability "see the ability, not the disability" Acknowledgments

52. Health: Valley Fever I was forced to watch the world go by when I was diagnosed with valley fever. Shetook one look at my rash and told me she was sure I had valley fever. http://www.teenink.com/Past/2002/October/Health/ValleyFever.html

A year ago, my life was altered beyond comprehension. I was forced to watch the world go by when I was diagnosed with Valley Fever. I had spent the two months prior to the diagnosis working nine hours a day, Monday through Friday, and attending play rehearsals from 6 p.m. until midnight almost every night. As you can imagine, I was exhausted. I quit my job when school started and noticed I was constantly tired. I assumed it was because I was concentrating on my school work, but began to worry when the fatigue grew worse. One weekend, I didn't sleep more than three hours a night and fought desperately for every breath, willing the pain in my chest to recede. Every eight hours, I took a large dose of pain medication. My breathing became incredibly shallow and I could not speak more than five words before taking a breath. I had hoped to endure the pain until Monday so I could visit my family doctor, but I finally made my mother take me to Urgent Care. I spent three hours in the waiting room before the doctor called me. He spent several minutes asking questions and checking my breathing, pulse and blood pressure. He ordered x-rays, and after examining them, told me I had pneumonia. He prescribed an antibiotic and pain medication as well as an over-the-counter expectorant to loosen my lungs. I went home Sunday night thankful that the doctor allowed me to be treated at home. My joy did not last, though. I awoke Monday evening to find a horrible rash covering my body. I began vomiting and went to my family doctor Tuesday morning. She took one look at my rash and told me she was sure I had Valley Fever.

53. Rift Valley Fever East Africa Home Background Rift valley fever (RVF) is an important emergingepidemic disease of humans and domestic animals in subSaharan Africa. http://edcintl.cr.usgs.gov/riftvalley.html

East Africa Rift Valley Fever Home Info Sheet ... CHARM select project -Choose a project- Carbon Sequestration CarLISES Data Portal to Africa FEWS NET Hurricane Mitch Lake Victoria Monitoring Madagascar Conservation Rift Valley Fever Sahel Land Use Sustainable Tree Crops UNEP/GRID East Africa Home Background Key to the proposed project is the active research EDC is conducting with climate scientists into historical teleconnections of El Niño and vegetation conditions in Africa as represented by NDVI. Initial research was conducted to project impacts of the 1998 El Niño event in Southern Africa (Verdin et al., 1999) and research is now being undertaken in cooperation with Dr. Joel Michaelsen and staff at the University of California at Santa Barbara. EROS Data Center Home About Archives ... EROS Data Center International Program URL: http://edcintl.cr.usgs.gov/riftvalley.html Maintainer: intlwebmaster@usgs.gov Last Update: date last updated file Accessibility

54. Rift Valley Fever Immunological tests for Rift valley fever antigens and antibodies were developedby the CDC scientists and were applied in many different venues to show their http://edcintl.cr.usgs.gov/riftvalleysa.html

East Africa Rift Valley Fever Home Info Sheet ... CHARM project selection -Choose a project- Carbon Sequestration CarLISES Data Portal to Africa FEWS NET Hurricane Mitch Lake Victoria Monitoring Madagascar Conservation Rift Valley Fever Sahel Land Use Sustainable Tree Crops UNEP/GRID Southern Africa Home Overview RVF is anticipated to become a larger problem throughout Africa as increases in livestock production, irrigation projects, and environmental disruption become more widespread. However, at present there is no way to predict RVF epidemic/epizootic activity in specific locales, where existing, preventative measures could be undertaken to reduce the impact of-or perhaps even prevent-the wide-scale, explosive outbreaks typically observed. This research effort is aimed at establishing a local RVF prediction capability based on ecological, climate, and remote sensing variables. Objectives and Goals Our major hypothesis is that we can predict RVFV activity prospectively using a combination of ecological, climate, and remote sensing variables. The primary scientific goal of the project is to develop and validate predictive algorithms and models for RVFV activity and epidemics based on such variables. Secondary goals are to further define the factors governing RVFV maintenance and transmission in inter-epidemic periods and better define the vectors of RVFV. Background Dr. Swanepoel was the veterinary virologist for Zimbabwe for 11 years and continues to maintain close ties to the government and university community there. He made many fundamental observations (Swanepoel, 1981), including those on which the dambo connection and this proposal are based. He pioneered the use of sentinel domestic animal herds to show the presence of sub-epidemic RVFV transmission. After leaving Zimbabwe, he has continued to investigate RVF epidemic and endemic activity during subsequent years in South Africa.

55. Rift Valley Fever - ContactPakistan.com Sponsor a Contest ? Healthy Discussions join our public forums. Rift ValleyFever Research by the Content Manager. What is Rift valley fever? http://www.contactpakistan.com/Communitylibrary/general/health/general/article24

Child Care Children Essays Children Drawings Children Main Children Stories Computers Cooking with B.J Greetings - Back home ! Health Matters News Links Net shopping Ladies Main Job - Looking for one? or have an offer ! Legal Advisor Pakistani Professionals Pets - Animals Sports Space Travel Guide The Team Technology Main Weather Man Sponsor a Contest ? Healthy Discussions join our public forums Rift Valley Fever Research by the Content Manager Rift Valley fever is a fever-causing viral disease that affects livestock and humans in Africa. It is most common during years of heavy rainfall. People get Rift Valley fever mainly from the bite of an infected mosquito. The disease can also be spread by contact with the blood or body fluids of an infected animal. Rift Valley fever can cause serious eye infection, inflammation of the brain, severe bleeding (hemorrhage), and death. To prevent Rift Valley fever, travelers to Africa should take precautions against insect bites: 1) use insect repellent, 2) wear long sleeves and pants, and 3) use bednets. Travelers should also avoid contact with livestock in areas where outbreaks of Rift Valley fever are occurring. What is Rift Valley fever?

56. Medic-Planet Rift Valley Fever Rift valley fever See also Animal diseases and humans, Hemorrhagic fevers, Tropicaldiseases, Vaccination and disease, Viruses and disease, Back to the Index http://www.medic-planet.com/MP_article/internal_reference/Rift_Valley_fever

57. Medic-Planet Valley Fever valley fever Advertisement See also AIDS (acquired immunodeficiencysyndrome), Coughs, Fungus diseases, Rashes, Back to the Index page http://www.medic-planet.com/MP_article/internal_reference/Valley_fever

58. MedWebPlus Subject Rift Valley Fever Rift valley fever A, , GO, Association of State and Territorial Directors of HealthPromotion and Public Health Education Infectious Facts Rift valley fever. http://www.medwebplus.com/subject/Rift_Valley_Fever

59. MedWebPlus Subject Diseases And Conditions Rift Valley Fever Web Sites A, , GO, Association of State and Territorial Directors of HealthPromotion and Public Health Education Infectious Facts Rift valley fever. http://www.medwebplus.com/subject/Diseases_and_Conditions/Rift_Valley_Fever

60. UA Valley Fever Center For Excellence Documents Valley Fever As UA valley fever Center for Excellence Documents valley fever as A RegionalDisease of National Importance in Annals of Internal Medicine. Feb. http://www.ahsc.arizona.edu/opa/news/feb99/valley.htm

UA Valley Fever Center for Excellence Documents Valley Fever as "A Regional Disease of National Importance" in Annals of Internal Medicine Feb. 15, 1999 Contact: Jean Spinelli or George Humphrey, (520) 626-7301 EMBARGOED UNTIL MON., FEB. 15, 5 P.M. EST, as required by Annals of Internal Medicine. (For a copy of the article, call Susan Anderson, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, Communications Department, (215)351-2653, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST.) Valley fever is as common to the desert Southwest as cacti, yet it is a regional health problem that is gaining national importance according to an article by John N. Galgiani, M.D ., director of The University of Arizona Valley Fever Center for Excellence in Tucson, published February 16 in the Annals of Internal Medicine. The UA Valley Fever Center for Excellence is jointly sponsored by the UA and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Tucson. Due to the migration of population to the southwestern United States and to the increasing number of immuno-suppressed patients who are unusually susceptible to the most serious consequences of infection, valley fever should be considered an "emerging disease" of importance to the nation as a whole, says Galgiani, who also is professor of medicine, Department of Medicine, UA College of Medicine, and chief, Section of Infectious Diseases, VA Medical Center. "Perhaps the most important trend has been the massive migration of Americans to the Sunbelt states, in particular Arizona, which in 1996 was the third fastest-growing state in the U.S.," Galgiani says. "Similar expansion has occurred in central California and west Texas, which also are areas where coccidioides immitis, the fungus that causes valley fever, is endemic."

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